Inqwaba headroom: ukuqokwa Ubukhulu

Inani labantu iplanethi likhula exponentially njalo ngonyaka. Zonke nakakhulu iba izindlu amakhulu imikhaya abafuna ukuba indlu noma flat usayizi ezidingekayo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, endaweni "ehloniphekile."

Ukuze megacities - umbuzo eshisa kakhulu. Phela, esilungele zonke izindawo ukwakha ezincane nezindawo zokuhlala kudingeka okwengeziwe. onjiniyela abaningi baye baqala ukusebenzisa zonke amasayithi etholakalayo, kungakhathaliseki izici umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.

Ngakho, iziphathimandla zedolobha nokuzimisela ukunikeza amaxhaphozi ukwakha isakhiwo esisha, ezindaweni amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba kanye nokunye. D. Ukuze indlu yakhiwa akuyona okusheshayo kuphela, kodwa futhi qualitatively, onjiniyela avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa anjalo yinqwaba.

Yiziphi yinqwaba?

Yinqwaba - ukwesekwa esakhiwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene: metal, ukhonkolo, kwagcizelela isakhiwo ukhonkolo, uzimele, noma phansi dowel. Zisetshenziswa ukuhlela kwaba ezinzile, ngaphansi ezithandwa ukugqwala futhi groundwaters isisekelo.

Kuye izici isakhi phansi phezu kwayo ethela izisekelo, unjiniyela angasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukufaka izisekelo ezinjalo. Umbandela eyinhloko isisindo isakhiwo sonke isakhiwo, kanye kwabantu bezwe ngalo oyokwakha.

Lokhu zingasebenzisa inqwaba umshayeli, udizili isando, isidlidlizi, isando wokubacindezela futhi svaevdavlivayuschuyu imoto. Ezimweni ekhethekile, lapho kungenzeka ukushaya izingqimba zamadwala, usebenzisa sokuprakthiza.

inqwaba amakhanda

Ngisho wizadi onekhono kakhulu Awukwazi ukusetha inqwaba ukuze ingxenye yayo engenhla, okuyinto kuyogcina lonke isisekelo, kwaba ezingeni elifanayo. Lezi amabombo abizwa ngokuthi inqwaba amakhanda.

Ukuma incike ithiphu inqwaba, esetshenziselwa obandayo. Kungaba nxazonke, iinkwere, uncamane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuba lula ukufakwa eziyisisekelo, tindlela letehlukene kokungathembeki ingasetshenziswa.

Ukuze ugcwalise ngesisekelo isisekelo ezingeni oyifunayo, inkosi kumele ukufakwa uzimele ikholomu (grillage), okuyinto eqondiswa esebenzisa ekupheleni izindonga.

Izinhlobo kanye Izici

Inqwaba amakhanda azigcini ukuma kuphela olufana ukuma yinqwaba ifakiwe, kodwa futhi ubukhulu. Akufanele sibakhohlwe ukuthi, uma usebenzisa izipikili noma ukhonkolo inqwaba cap beyoba ezahlukene.

Kuvele ehilelekile ebalulekile ngokukhetha ekupheleni kwezindonga kunesitha ezakheke: kungase T emise noma ezimise U-. Uma ufaka esikebheni isisekelo headroom T-ukuma kungenziwa isethwe kanye formwork nesitsha ngoba ethela isisekelo.

Njengoba headroom U ezimise-imishayo ingasetshenziswa kuphela, futhi ubukhulu babo kufanele zifane ububanzi ithiphu.

Ubukhulu

Ethandwa kakhulu emakethe isikhathi eside ahlale screw futhi wasisekela yinqwaba ukhonkolo. izindleko zabo, nokwethenjelwa ukuphila isikhathi eside ngibenze ethandwa kakhulu.

Lapho ukukhethwa kunjiniyela impahla iholwa hhayi kuphela izici zenhlabathi, kodwa futhi ubukhulu umthwalo endaweni entabeni. Nge zonke umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama kanye uthenge grillage isakhiwo lokukhuphula.

Usayizi isilinganiso ichopho isikulufa we ubukhulu inqwaba, ngokwengxenye yayo ijabulise, ezisukela 108 mm kuya ku-325 mm. A ububanzi we ithiphu zingaba phakathi 150 mm kuya ku-200 mm.

Emincane kakhulu ubukhulu tube singu-57 mm. uhlaka okunjalo eningakuthwala amakhilogremu okungenani eyisishiyagalombili. Ngokuvamile bajwayele ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu ukukhanya (egalaji, Gazebo, khipha).

Okubanzi inqwaba ithiphu nge ububanzi 89 mm. Faka amakholomu kanye ububanzi of Peat noma amaxhaphozi ukwakhiwa Villas, izindlu zokugeza, emagalaji, ezicijile.

Yinqwaba ubukhulu 108 mm headroom kakhulu "eziqinile". Asekela kalula isisindo amathani emithathu nengxenye, wabuthela esebenzisa mechanical Site cishe zonke izinhlobo nenhlabathi.

Ukhonkolo yinqwaba headroom has simise sikwele obuphelele uhlangothi kusuka ngamasentimitha amabili. Olunesisindo esikhudlwana lwaluba umthwalo, isikhathi eside kwagcizelela inqwaba ukhonkolo.

Isikulufa noma kwagcizelela ukhonkolo?

Udaba enkulu ekukhethweni kuka indaba for yinqwaba ihlale ivuliwe endaweni yokuqala ngenxa yobukhulu isakhiwo. Ngama-oda yemboni ukuziphilisa (ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo, izakhiwo commercial futhi ehhovisi, amabhuloho) usebenzisa kwagcizelela izinsika zikakhonkolo.

Ziyakwazi okuhlala, nemithi ukugqwala, okushisa asibekezeleleki kahle. Yini embi ngalo lolu hlobo yinqwaba kuyinto izindleko eliphezulu ukufakwa. Wenziwe usebenzisa isu elikhethekile.

Ngaphansi ebizayo ukufaka isikulufa yinqwaba kukhona. Bona ingafakwa ngokusebenzisa human resources kuphela. Ngakho-ke, yinqwaba isikulufa zivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa lapho kwakhiwa Bungalows, Cottages encane.

USheyari noma usike?

Ukuklama nesisekelo bushelelezi, ngemva kokumiswa yinqwaba bafa ezingeni oyifunayo. Ukugawula inqwaba amakhanda kwenziwa ngoku:

• womoya isando (inani elincane umsebenzi);

• iziphunzi wokubacindezela (ukwakhiwa izakhiwo zokuhlala noma eziyinxanxathela).

Ukuze enze yonke manipulations kudingekile, inkosi iyaphawula ukuphakama oyifunayo, okuyinto liyonqanyulwa inqwaba. Bese-ke, uma isakhiwo ukhonkolo, ngosizo izindlela ngokurhaba, ukwenza furrow futhi ngokweqile ukhonkolo chips.

Shiya efulemini yensimbi kuphela, okuyinto usike esebenzisa imithi wokubacindezela futhi jackhammer. Uma kudingeka, leyo nkosi can "isixhumanisi" imigoqo esele kanye formwork kwesisekelo.

Le ndlela zokususa "engadingekile" ngempela isikhathi ukudliwa futhi ingathatha isikhathi eside. Induna welashelwa akukho kuka nanhlanu headroom.

Ngokuhamba isabelomali futhi esheshayo - ukuze aqede ngisho nokuphathwa kuphelile. Le ndlela elula futhi ukonga. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa nezinhlobo ezahlukene yinqwaba. I plus elikhulu iyona ngesivinini ukucutshungulwa uphela, okuyinto kakhulu kunciphisa isikhathi ilungiselelo grillage.

Ukunquma esetshenziswa ngokurhaba amathuluzi ukusika - grinders, nge-tape noma efakwe disc ububanzi; isaha athile.

Ngaphambi ukusebenza okuhleliwe cutoff umugqa umaka noma wokulinganisa, ngoba bushelelezi isaha cut ukwenza inkatho circumferential. Uma ithuluzi noma inqwaba useqala ashisise, basuke selehlile bese uqhubeke ukusebenza.

Yini embi ngalo lokhu indlela yokwelashwa kuyinto lusizo ephelele emva cutoff valve, futhi ithuluzi futhi snashivaemost okusheshayo ukusebenza. Yikuphi kungaholela izindleko ezengeziwe for ukuthengwa okudlekayo.

Indlela ukulungiselela ngoba umhlangano?

Uma imishini isisekelo metal yinqwaba ababekhethiwe, kubalulekile ukuba baqhube umsebenzi wokulungiselela zinqwabelane amakhanda izothatha isikhathi eside.

Ngemva ilungiswe at ngamasentimitha amabili noma amathathu endaweni Ngabona ukusika udinga ukususa ungqimba enamathela ivikela impahla nokusondelana yizici zemvelo. Ngenxa yalesi ibhulashi uphelele metal noma okunamathiselwe ekhethekile grinder.

ukufakwa

Ukufakwa inqwaba amakhanda futhi has izici zayo siqu. Umbandela esiyinhloko ukubeka uhlobo inqwaba kanye impahla zazo yenziwa. Uma Sebenzisa isikulufa inqwaba, ngeke ngempela ukuqeda izindonga metal futhi ziboshelwe esebenzisa Welding.

Lokhu kungaba T emise ikhanda ingxenye ngesimo ipuleti nge isizinda isiyingi, okuyinto lufakwa inqwaba, futhi kuvikelwe usebenzisa Welding umphetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma esetshenziswa lokukhuphula grillage isiteshi noma mina-ugongolo, is eziphothene kuze kube sekupheleni inqwaba ngendlela ekhethekile.

I-imishayo abethela kuya weld ngesimo ipuleti sikwele, isiteshi nabokhulumile "amaphiko" privarivaya phansi base. Uma ehlelwe yi-isakhiwo wezakhiwo Kwakhiwani izingodo, i- "umugqa" lokuqala izingodo exhunywe kwi induku ekhanda ingxenye metal.

Ukuze electrode Welding asetshenziswa nge Usayizi 3 mm, ukubaluleka samanje asisikhulu amperes angaphezu kwangu-100.

Uma ufaka ukhonkolo inqwaba cap isisekelo esetshenziswa inqwaba headroom, ukufakwa yayo iqala ngemuva ukugawula ikhanda inqwaba ezingeni oyifunayo. Headroom yalolu hlobo ezifakiwe kuleli mix ukhonkolo ngesikhathi ngokugcwalisa lesi yinqwaba isisekelo elifakwe timbering.

Manje ngenxa ezinhle

Ukusebenzisa yinqwaba ukwakhiwa alulusha. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi akuwona wonke amakhasimende baye babhekana nokusetshenziswa kwawo ekuphileni. Abaningi badidekile ngo inqubo eside yokumiswa yabo, kanye indlela okhandlayo lokufakwa grillage.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa lolu hlobo isisekelo silondoloza abanikazi ekhaya ezihlukahlukene izici ezimbi. Ziyakwazi:

• Intwasahlobo nekwindla izikhukhula.
• inhlabathi ukuntengantenga (Peat bogs, esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila, ezintantayo).
• Kalula obandayo okuyinto akuxhomekile izimo sezulu (abandayo, ukushisa kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D.).
• Ukwakhiwa izakhiwo ezindaweni engalingani;
• isisindo umthwalo ukusatshalaliswa eduze nentaba kwesisekelo.

Ezweni kukhona inala ezinhlelweni lapho ukwakhiwa izisekelo yasetshenziswa, ogibele screw nangomhlume ukhonkolo. Iningi lazo - ke Ecoprojects ogama umsebenzi ukulondoloza ubuhle acwebile ukwakhiwa amasayithi akhethiwe. emakhoneni Okuvikelwe yeNorway, Finland, ahlanganiswe izakhiwo engavamile "ku inkukhu imilenze." Abagcini ngokujabulela abe imizi ethokomele ukuze zabanikazi, kodwa futhi ukukhangana izivakashi ukwazi.

Beautiful, ukhululekile, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izindlu eziphephile bazongena esitelekeni bemsulwa futhi ukuklanywa. Hlobo luni ekupheleni izindonga nangomhlume siyoba yisisekelo ekhaya lakho, kuphuma kuwe. Into esemqoka ukuthi lesi siqalo usekhonze ezizukulwane eziningana nomndeni wakho.