Indlela ukunquma unyaka enza umshini wokuthunga "Umculi". umshini wokuthunga izinombolo ze-serial Umculi

Wonke umuntu ukhumbula ukuzinikezela Vladimira Mayakovskogo: ". Ukuze Iqabane Cute, imikhumbi kanye indoda" Ngokufanayo, i-unembeza abavamile "tho" egameni endala Singer lokuthunga machine kanye umsunguli wayo Isaka Singer. Futhi enkulu imishini vintage ekugcineni kulandela kamuva isithombe yomnikazi ukukhiqizwa.

Nokwethenjelwa eliphakeme emihlanganweni ivumela ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu ukukhipha ulayini ekahle, ukusebenza iziphi izinto - kusukela izindwangu ezinhle kakhulu isikhumba olunzima. It is hhayi lutho ungumnikazi isithakazelo indlela ukunquma unyaka enza umshini wokuthunga "Umculi".

UMnu Singer, umshini wokuthunga futhi usomabhizinisi

Hle futhi sokugcina isikhathi nomkhiqizi ubuchwepheshe kuyosisiza lapho sihlome ngesineke ukuphathwa kabi futhi sifune usizo nezinye yesimanje jikelele - Inthanethi, ukucacisa unyaka womshini lokuthunga umshini Singer. Nithi: kanjani? Very simple! "Zonke uhamba ezilotshwe ', njengoba omunye iqhawe etemibhalo owaziwa. Eningiliziwe "ITalmud" ngezinombolo serial ubuhle black seamstresses ngobunono elondolozwe ku inkampani accountants zingerovskoy sabe indlela efingqiwe yokubhala igama zidluliselwe kuya expanses we-Web zonke ukwazi abanikazi, abaqoqi kanye abazingeli lokuthunga lasendulo imiklamo.

Kuzo zonke omagazini ezimali ebhukwini ingatholakali abahlaziyi babe imibhalo kuphela yangekhulu iminyaka 1851 (unyaka edition lokuqala izimoto edumile) namaminithi 1870. Okunjalo ngokuningiliziwe imibhalo scrupulous ngoba Emashumini amahlanu eminyaka edlule kuyinto wesikweletu ezingumphumela womkhiqizo! Ngakho-ke, ake sithi umklami abanamakhono futhi owamlandela "ngiyabonga" ngoba ithuba ukuhlangabezana isifiso sokuthola ulwazi ngale ndaba: "?" "Indlela ukunquma unyaka enza umshini wokuthunga" Umculi

amavolumu emangalisa ukukhiqizwa

Kusukela ulwazi olunikeziwe, singafunda, isibonelo, ukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-1871 nenombolo ye-serial kokushiya umhlangano line amasu lokuthunga kwaba 611.000 ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo - 914 ayizinkulungwane, ngo-1973 - 964 ayizinkulungwane, nokunye. Njengoba ubona, ukudleka izimoto Kwakungenziwa ngendlela efanayo ngezikhathi ezahlukene, kanye nokusakazwa yonyaka wabo sokukhishwa ngonyaka washintsha, akuyona njalo.

Umculi kwezigidi ezingu wadedelwa kakade ngo-1873, i-Ngokwesibonelo ezimbili sesigidi libhekisela ekupheleni 1875, eziyishumi million senziwe 1891. Ngo-1899, i-penultimate ekhulwini, kwaphothulwa sibalo 16.831.099.

amagatsha Zingerovskie

Ngaphezu ukuxazulula umbuzo: "Indlela ukunquma unyaka enza umshini wokuthunga" Umculi "" 1900 ingafakwa, sibonga i-alfabhethi wokugubha indawo lapho senziwa indlela ethile.

Izinhlamvu M, P sihambisana ukukhiqizwa eScotland, N - e-US-New Jersey (Elizabeth City). Nge-1904 kwaba ukuqala yesibili sengezwe B (ngaphansi it wadedelwa esingaphezudlwana imishini eziyisigidi nesigamu yokuthunga) ngoba ifektri American.

Sinesithakazelo ukuvela kokuthi inombolo 1906 ka Russian eyenziwe Podolsk, kuqale S incwadi, T (kusukela 1908 uye esikhundleni incwadi E, 1911 - A). Ngaphandle Podolsk, amagatsha zingerovskie yayikhona Prussian eWittenberg, kanye isimo Connecticut (Bridgeport).

Kusobala ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, umshini wokuthunga Singer 1904 ukukhululwa kungaba kuphela ukukhiqizwa angaphandle kungenzeka American. Ezimakethe Russian "manufactory Inkampani Zinger" (asebenzayo kusuka 1863) wayekhona kakade eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva ukuqedwa serfdom. Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo lokuthumela imishini ezivela phesheya kwaholela engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu kamuva bathole ukukhiqizwa Podolsk. Ukwakhiwa kwawo kwaqala ngo-1900, kodwa ekuqaleni kusukela 1902 imboni oqeqeshiwe kuphela izingxenye ezisele ambalwa ukuze umshini wokuthunga umndeni.

Doubling izincwadi

Ngo-20-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka ekukhiqizweni kwaholela inombolo umkhiqizo ilebula, kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe ikhodi enezinhlamvu ezimbili. Izimboni zakhiwa zaba Colombia Bogota, Buenos Aires, Mexico, Chile, Peru, i-Brazil, Quebec, Canada, e-Australia, eJapane, Taiwan kanye ne-Philippines. Abaseduze ekukhiqizeni Russia ise-German Karlsruhe, idolobha Italian of Monza, isiFulentshi Bonnieres, e-Istanbul, Pakistan.

E-United States phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuvula kwesinye isitshalo e South Carolina (Anderson), ngaphezu ukukhiqiza yendabuko e-New Jersey.

Umlando "Umculi" Russian

Umqondisi we ibhizinisi elakhiwa ngo Podolsk kuze uguquko 1917 unyaka kwaba ukwakha unjiniyela yakhe Walter Frank Dixon. Ngo-1913, linqume ukuhlakaza uqhathanise impumelelo ukwakhiwa iSoviet, ukukhiqizwa nsuku zonke yemishini yokuthunga kwaba 2 500 ngosuku, angaphezu kuka-600 eziyinkulungwane ngonyaka. Inkampani yajabulela yonke okuthandwa Umthengisi we-Imperial zaseNdlunkulu. inzuzo yayo kukhuphuke ngo kasikhombisa ngokumelene yokuqala, 3000 brand izitolo avuleka yonkana Russia, izisebenzi jikelele okuyinto kudlulwe abantu abayizinkulungwane 20. Imikhiqizo akuzona eliphansi in izinga kuya angaphandle, umthengi yasekhaya enikeziwe in izitolimende. Yingakho Singer lokuthunga machine kutholakala kuze kube yilolu suku, cishe kuwo wonke umkhaya.

Podolsk ifektri e neminyaka yokuqala amandla Soviet ekhiqizwa ezidayiswayo encane - yensimbi amabhodwe, ezinsimbini e ilahle impukane, openers namapani. Kamuva, wamangalelwa futhi uguqulwe ube munye-Union amabhizinisi wokwakha imishini yokuthunga "Podolsk", futhi ngo-1994 wabuyela esifubeni ukumba "Umculi". Ukukhiqizwa kahle inakekelwa ngokubambisana neNhlangano YeSizwe corporation "Eziyisikhombisa-Tech".

Izinganekwane indaba weqiniso "Umculi"

Inkinga ukuthi ukunquma unyaka enza umshini wokuthunga "Umculi", akuyona isici kuphela yokuzinikela yomlando, kodwa futhi ibhalwe ukuthi "tint Umcebo." Kukhona inganekwane ukuthi izingxenye ngabanye mshini (kuhlanganise shaft) adalwe abaklami ezingavamile amatshe ayigugu (palladium, nokunye okunjalo).

Ngomqondo rarity enjalo enviable, ngokusobala emelela izindinganiso zemikhaya abangethembi abantu, afanele "ucwaningo" yakhe nge uzibuthe ezandleni zakhe ilindele ukuthi ngeke yensimbi izinto umshini wokuthunga ngeke ibonise izakhiwo ezikhangayo.

Izinsimbi ngaphandle yensimbi abakhona ikakhulukazi isimo batch elilinganiselwe unyawo lokuthunga imishini enziwa 30s maphakathi. High molybdenum okuqukethwe kubenza kancane ligugu "Scrap Metal."

Ukufisa umzwelo esivela umphakathi esimweni inhlokomo, okwaholela ncwadi kule kazwelonke cindezela eyodwa ngaphezulu ulwazi olungamanga ukuthi abanye izinombolo ze-serial yemishini yokuthunga Singer, mislaid endaweni Russia, nesithembiso umklomelo ka- $ 1 million. Ngicabanga, akunandaba mqondo ukuze debunk inganekwane lezi zezingane.

Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi kwabahwebi semibono yethu zangaphambi wamavukelambuso komkhiqizo wobaba avuthwa ngaphansi brand efanayo ephansi kakhulu izinga mbumbulu, nesivinini zazo ISIZINDA ayiyinhle. A uphawu "Umculi" kweqiniso - okweqanda zethusi ipuleti okudweba nombhalo othi "TNE Singer Manfg Co», ubekwe uzimele. Inombolo yesibonakaliso ukuthi iqala izinhlamvu zamagama Latin, ukuze kutholakale ebhodini.

Kufanele ukuhlola ukusebenza unomuzi umshini wokuthunga, okubangela master ukulawula izindlela. Phela, ngisho umsunguli Isaka Singer kanye usuku lonke, "alwa" phezu, ingane yokuqala nje eqoqwe, bezama ukuthola umugqa ngokuphelele flat. Kwatholakala, unjiniyela ngenxa yokukhathala uye nje selikhohliwe ukulungisa ukungezwani wentambo engenhla. Mhlawumbe beletha isimo abasebenza ungumnikazi rarity yako iwufanele ngempela umzamo sakugcina kakhulu!