Indian Ocean sezulu. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo futhi izici-Indian Ocean

Lomncane kanye olufudumele ocean iplanethi - kuba Indian. Iningi amanzi awo yakhulela Nenkabazwe eningizimu, futhi ngo-North, waya ngokoqobo ahlangabezana zwekazi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu bakuthola olwandle omkhulu, okuyinto ihlukaniswe amatheku amaningi. Indian Ocean sezulu ezifanele kakhulu iholidi beach. Kulesi umzimba enkulu yamanzi iyinombolo irekhodi leziqhingi Sekuyisikhathi eside akhethwa yizivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Izici kwe-Indian Ocean sezulu futhi uyenze edlidlizelayo futhi eyingqayizivele ngokuya yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho manje ngeke siphazanyiswe epithets, nokubheka ezinemininingwane nhlobo izici zalesi umzimba emangalisayo yamanzi.

Inani lamavoti

Ukuze abhekane nesimo kanye kwesigubhu imingcele ukusisiza geography. Indian Ocean - ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngemva zasePacific naseNyakatho-Atlantic. Kuthatha cishe amaphesenti angu-20 amanzi eMhlabeni. endaweni yaso kwezigidi ezingu 76,17 amakhilomitha square, futhi umthamo sifinyelela 282,65 cubic amakhilomitha. Iphuzu ejulile nolwandle ku-Sunda Trench, nokujula salo 7729 amamitha. Kusukela wonke amagumbi ulwandle nezwe siphathelene amazwekazi: eNtshonalanga lokhu sultry Afrika, North - I-Asia, e-empumalanga ke elisemngceleni ne-Australia, ne-South ifinyelela ogwini i-Antarctica ezineqhwa (nakuba ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi lapho wathuthela Southern Ocean). Leli lungiselelo kwe-Indian Ocean unesibopho sezulu yayo nemisinga, amaningi awo efudumele.

indaba

Kuze Age of Discovery Indian Ocean wethulwa abantu njengoba ulwandle olulodwa olukhulu, okuyinto ugeza ogwini ezweni. On ogwini lwayo azalelwa impucuko yezwe yokuqala, owokuqala lizisho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhumbi yokuqala kanye izikebhe emlandweni wesintu ngihlaliswa amanzi "ulwandle". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla e-Indian Ocean isimo sezulu is hhayi ekushintsheni. Njengoba sekungamakhulu eminyaka efudumele kakhulu nokuzola, ngekhulu le-15 waqala amanzi awo, okuthiwa inkathi eminingi etholakale womhlaba. Esokuqala kwaba nobukhulu ocean ukuhlola UVasco da Gama, Dzheyms Awe-Kuk bamlandela nabanye abaningi. Ukutadisha kwaleli umzimba omkhulu wamanzi, flora zayo nezilwane waqala kuphela ekhulwini le-19. Ngokokuqala ngqá abacwaningi baye bathola ukuthi efudumele yamanzi yendawo, hhayi kuphela ngoba olwandle ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. phansi ispolosovannaya amaphutha uqweqwe kusuka ukuqhuma Udaka oluncibilikayo wayo. Ngakho, umoya ofudumele ngaphezu kwamanzi futhi yokushisa okuvela ungqimba lomhlaba, heats kakhulu emanzini, abenze esihle zasolwandle ukuphila futhi ebhishi abathandi.

Gulfs, izilwandle, iziqhingi

ingxenye enkulu futhi voluminous kakhulu kwe-Indian Ocean - lakhiwa amanzi olwandle yayo eminingi. Ngokuvamile, hlala engaba amaphesenti angu-15 endaweni yayo amanzi etholakala ngasogwini amazwekazi eduze kodwa futhi phakathi iziqhingi eziningi. Manje sizokwenza bhala yonke kwezilwandle nasemathekwini ngokwewashi. Ake uqale nge-Red - enyakatho futhi okunosawoti kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlola kulandelwa Sea Arabian noma ePersian Gulf, Laccadive Sea, eBay of Bengal, Andaman, Timor Sea, Arafura Sea kanye Gulf of Carpentaria iGreat Australian Bight, ulwandle Mawson, Davis, Commonweath osomkhathi. isamba Lezo eduze imizimba amanzi ngenxa nje kuphela ogwini ezimangelengele amazwekazi, kodwa futhi iziqhingi. I enkulu wabo Madagascar. Lokhu kulandelwa Zanzibar, Sri Lanka, ePhilippines, Andaman leziqhingi of Socotra, Comoros, King, Seychelles, Maldives nabanye abaningi.

sici geological

Izici Indian Ocean sezwe yayo ahlukahlukene, okuyinto ngaphansi kwamanzi. On amanzi awo alandise mass amaphutha zomhlaba, abaningi ezindaweni compounds izingqimba lithospheric. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezingxenyeni ezahlukene olwandle it has a phansi ezahlukene esithinta isimo sezulu, futhi umbala amanzi, kanye yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu izingxenye olwandle, sihluke nomunye isakhiwo:

• Afrika ingxenye. Kukhona eshalofini evelele kanye emthambekeni ezwekazini. Ngalesi phansi ugxile flat, kukhona amagquma ezincane kuphela. Kude nasolwandle kukhona izintaba zaphakade kwamanzi, eziningi zazo zibonisa ngokusebenzisa ebusweni efomini mlilo yokuqothulwa futhi igcwele amarubi. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - Seychelles.
• Indo-Australian ingxenye. Kulesi ingxenye, eshalofini lincane kakhulu futhi itholakala eduze kogu lwase-Asia futhi emthambekeni emaweni. Le ngxenye ocean yakhula kakhulu, futhi yakhiwa amabanga eziningi, awalethe futhi ayimigodi enikeziwe ngesimo Izigaxa. Ezinye zazo zibonisa ngokusebenzisa kwamanzi, ukwakha Isiqhingi yezwekazi (Christmas Island).
• Antarctic ingxenye. Ogwini lwasenyakatho-nezwekazi enomoya olwandle emhlabeni kuyinto zigodi Imi lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba imifula Antarctica. Eduze nogu zaleli zwekazi ungumgodi ojulile, okuyinto iphenduka ibe ethafeni enkulu

indawo sezulu kwesigubhu

Ukuze uzwisise kakhulu ngokunembile le nkinga, kudingeka sisebenzise ibalazwe noma i-Indian Ocean. Ngokusekelwe idatha yayo, siyabona ukuthi iningi endaweni amanzi ungaphakathi Nenkabazwe oseningizimu. Esikhathini North, ulwandle lesithathu ngobukhulu uwela kuphela ezishisayo ibhande sub-enkabazwe. Khona-ke kweqa umugqa yenkabazwe - zone ezishisa iplanethi. Esifundazweni saseningizimu Nenkabazwe ocean ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye sub-bhé, ashisayo, nakwezifudumele, esipholile kanye ye-Antarctic futhi Antarctic. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, eziqala endaweni yemvelo ngokulinganisela, ocean ndawo kakhulu ziyancipha. Lawa manzi evamile ukubizwa ngokuthi izindandatho ezimboze Antarctica. Bonke abadumile imisinga abandayo, ngisho frost.

Northern ezishisayo

Sizoqala ukucabangela isimo sezulu sase-Indian Ocean kusukela kule ndawo zemvelo, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kunazo wavakashela yizivakashi. It ikhona ngasogwini Gulf kuya entshonalanga ne-Andaman Sea empumalanga, kanye nazo zonke izindawo ezizungezile. Lokhu wakhiwe endaweni zakudala inkathi yezimvula. Ngesikhathi ubusika, banalo isivinini ngokulinganisela, ngakho le ndawo cishe njalo Licwathile futhi yomile. Ehlobo lika-amandla abo ukwanda, ngakho ngokuvamile akukho izihlambi kuphela, kodwa isiphepho. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izici Indian Ocean isimo sezulu la manga endaweni yokuthi ingxenye yaso esentshonalanga impumalanga uya woma kakhulu futhi enosawoti. Lapha avuke irekhodi lokushisa eliphezulu (32-34 degrees Celsius), futhi lapho amathonsi 500 kuphela mm imvula. Empumalanga esifundeni, kunalokho, kuvamisile semvula, yebo ebusika, yingakho imizimba eminingi amanzi usawoti incipha.

enkabazwe zone

Enkabazwe - latitude main, okuyinto welula kanye nase-Indian Ocean. Izithombe avame iyavela izivakashi izincwajana ahlukahlukene zenziwa kule ndawo, futhi manje sibona ukuthi kungani. Okokuqala, kule ndawo uhlaza kakhulu, okuyinto wabunjwa ngenxa omningi imvula - abangafika kwabangu-4000 mm. Okwesibili, iseduze nenkabazwe kukhona lamagquma main wasolwandle akha impumuzo yayo. Kukhona ezingamaqoqo amaningi azungezwe amachweba okwesibhakabhaka, - ejwayelekile "ipharadesi elishisayo". Sekukonke, nase-Indian Ocean, isimo sezulu ezindaweni bhé izikhathi eziningi manzi kuka ezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa umuntu omdala ophumelelayo. Akukho zinguquko abukhali kwesizini lokushisa kanye nomswakama, kodwa iziphepho namanje zenzeka njalo.

eningizimu ezishisayo

Uma ucabangela izici kwe-Indian Ocean, akunakwenzeka ukuba alahlekelwe umbono lo zone zezulu. It kubhekwa ekhululekile kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo ebanzi. Lapha linqobe imimoya ukuhweba, okuyinto iyakhula ebusika, ngezinye izikhathi ukudala isiphepho, nokuwohloka ehlobo. Winter kulesi sifunda Uthatha May kuya ku-September futhi ngalesi sikhathi olwandle uya eziningi amafu. Lapha-ke ewela omningi imvula - kuze kufinyelele 1500 mm, ngokuvamile inkungu. Ehlobo (Disemba-Mashi), kukhona eyomile kakhulu. Umswakama lehliselwa 300 mm, umoya luyaphela, kwaqeda lwamafu fogs. ebusika izinga lokushisa umoya degree angaba ngu-20-Celsius, kanti ehlobo antante 25.

Lokulingene eningizimu ibhande

Ukuze uthole ingxoxo eningiliziwe mayelana zone zezulu, saphinde kudingeka ibalazwe Indian Ocean. Kubalulekile ukuthi kwaba khona abangu-ukurhunyezwa izindawo amanzi. Ngokusho leliqhinga ungabona ukuthi ezonini esipholile kwe-Indian Ocean siyingxenye ye indandatho itholakala emhlabeni Antarctica. Lapha-ke ixhuma oLwandle iPacific kuya empumalanga Atlantic entshonalanga. Isifunda usukela abukhali yezinkathi ezithile lokushisa izinguquko. Ngakho, ebusika ke lehla degrees 10 noma 15 ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa, kuthi ehlobo antante 10-15 degrees Celsius. Le ndawo idume umfutho ongaphakeme asemkhathini, ngoba kukhona njalo busa fogs kanye namafu. Winter imimoya ntshonalanga ukuletha zasezindaweni zemvula, okubangela iziphepho. Ehlobo kukhona kuqhathaniswa libalele nokuzola.

ibhande subantarctic

Ngenhla sishilo ukuthi Indian Ocean - kuba ingxenye olufudumele ka zone amanzi wezwe ilanga esiphakade nehlobo. Lapha, noma ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka ungakwazi ukujabulela namagagasi efudumele, isihlabathi esishisayo futhi sunbathe nsuku zonke. Manje sizobheka ukuthi umkhuhlane angase Indian Ocean. Photo yayo yamanzi, okuyinto amanga eduze ne-Antarctica, ayisibonelo seascape ezineqhwa. Lapha unyaka wonke zeqhwa elintantayo, amanzi abandayo kunikezwa esobala kusukela ebumsulweni nasebunyeni okwesibhakabhaka, emoyeni ligcwele i-ozone. Ebusika, e-Indian Ocean zone sub-polar zilimaze amanzi usawoti ezingeni antante 34%. Summer encibilika izinguzunga zeqhwa, lapho lokuhlushwa usawoti Sehlile 32% emanzini. ebusika lokushisa air imayelana 30 ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa, kuthi ehlobo kuphela antante 2-3 degrees Celsius.

ezindaweni ezibandayo

kwesigaba ewumngcingo kakhulu, kumangaza futhi engavamile-Indian Ocean - isiqeshana ugu eduze ne-Antarctica. ububanzi balo buyahluka kusuka 50 kuya 100 km, nayo yonke ndawo zamaqhwa elaphakade, ungalokothi ancibilike. Izici lwendawo e-Indian Ocean, okokuqala, ebukhoneni zeqhwa eziningi. Bona ukugcwala amanzi, ukuthola zindawo ukufudumala kuphela. Ugu njengoba enjalo hhayi ngoba zolwandle amatheku bengekho lapha. Ngaphambi amabhange ice okuphakade ezansi kwe-Indian Ocean ungumgodi giant, okuyinto ugcwele amanzi angcolile kanye zeqhwa yezwekazi ancibilike ehlobo. Ngenhla zero lokushisa ke aliphumi naphakade. Inzika cishe ngingekho, kusukela emoyeni esiphezulu esibhedlela, futhi ukucindezela kuyehla kube umkhawulo.

Efingqa

Kuphela esikuhlolile kafushane isihloko Geography Yiqiniso, Ibanga 7. Indian Ocean, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulula kakhulu ukuba ufunde. Kuyinto encane insimu yalo, iningi ke ewela Ezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi ngoba amanzi ugxile efudumele. kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kangakanani nokwakheka yayo. Ososayensi uqaphele ukuthi le ocean zonke izidalwa emhlabeni iyona omncane, ngakho izinqubo mlilo kwenzeka ngaphansi ungqimba amanzi awo, ongakabi kuqediwe. Ngesizathu esifanayo kukhona ziningi kangaka iziqhingi ukuthi iphuma ezintabeni, igcwele amarubi. Abaningi ubone yindawo enhle uphumule, kodwa eqinisweni endaweni ngayinye enjalo ivame ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba engazinzile futhi kube yingozi.