Impahla Abrasive: nezinhlamvu, isicelo

Isintu siye babesazi Abrasives zeminyaka eminingi. Abantu esetshenziswa amatshe nesihlabathi ukuba balolonge futhi uthuthukise nemimese, imikhonto kanye arrowheads futhi abaphonsa. Esokuqala kwaba i-sandstone olwalwenza, lapho indima isithako esebenzayo kudlalwa okusanhlamvu amancane asebenza ngebhethri. Kuze ukutholakala izindlela zokuhlela le nto kuyinto metal olwalwenza kwaholela kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa lonke lwesintu, njengoba abantu bese nhlobo enye indlela 'ukwenza amathuluzi kokubili umsebenzi nezikhali.

Kuyini kusukela iphuzu ngokomzimba umbono,

Ngokuvamile Abrasives kukhona namaminerali kanzima kakhulu, okuyinto zitholakala kwi emaphethelweni engenhla Mohs yemakhono ubulukhuni - kusuka asebenza ngebhethri kuya idayimane. Kodwa ngisho izinto ezithambile ongenza lo msebenzi. Izipanji, baking soda futhi izithelo imigodi kungaba ngesizathu esihle ukubiza Abrasives. Nabo sihlangana nsukuzonke, futhi ukubaluleka kwabo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke mkhulu.

Kwezinye izinqubo, angasetshenziswa?

impahla Abrasive livame ukubizwa ngakho hhayi ngenxa impahla yayo ngokomzimba, futhi ngenxa yesimo ukusetshenziswa. Kukhona namakilasi amaningana izinqubo ezinjalo. Ikakhulukazi sandblasting umshini lingasetshenziswa isibalo esiphezulu izinto, okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile kungukuthi uzwakalise babe izakhiwo athile. Lokhu imishini isebenzisa emoyeni ekusakazeni enamandla noma amanzi, lapho ezihambayo ngesivinini izinhlayiya ezincane ezinye compounds. Kwezinye izimo, anezikhala olwalwenza, udlala indima isihlungi-chopper.

imishini Sandblasting asetshenziselwa wokucwebezelisa kanye yokuqedela yokugcina izingxenye kanye nemikhiqizo siphelile. Lokhu kungathatha cishe noma yikuphi okubalulekile olwalwenza kusuka kumasistimu asebenzayo of nati kanye imbewu izitshalo horticultural, amagobolondo of mollusk kanye nezinye udaba eziphilayo ukuze izingcezu ezincane kunazo zonke steel, slag, ingilazi noma baking soda.

izingxenye ezisemqoka

Silica isihlabathi ithandwa kakhulu olwalwenza blasting amabhuloho kanye nezinye izakhiwo steel. Ngakho kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu ngokumelene nokugqwala, okuyinto kakhulu ngcono UKUQINA izakhiwo zobunjiniyela. Le nqubo kudinga okusezingeni eliphezulu kwabantu Abrasives. Njengomthetho, impatho metal izakhiwo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa emoyeni onomfutho. Udlala indima namafutha kuyizinhlayiyana futhi ayinayo imiphumela eyengeziwe ezonakalisayo.

Nokho, kwezinye izimo, ingasetshenziswa, namanzi. Ikakhulukazi lapho wokuhlanza izakhiwo zikakhonkolo. Cishe bonke izakhiwo ezakhiwa ezonini we umdweshu ugu, ngezikhathi kudingeka. Iqiniso lokuthi ezindaweni zawo kwandisa ne isikhathi ungqimba obukhulu usawoti nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali ezonakalisayo. amanzi ahlanzekile, elalikade ingezwe okokusebenza ezifanele (olwalwenza) hhayi kuphela kuzisusa ngokhonkolo, kodwa futhi ukhiqiza "desalting". Nalapha futhi, lesi senzo kakhulu kwandisa ukuphila izakhiwo amasevisi.

Wokucwebezelisa imikhiqizo siphelile

Wokucwebezelisa - lokho inqubo ebaluleke kunazo zonke Abrasives funa sibanzi kakhulu. Njengoba ojwayelekile, ukuletha ekupheleleni imikhiqizo eseqedile noma ezinye izingxenye usebenzisa nokunamathisela ekhethekile noma amasondo elithambile, futhi kwakwakhe okusekelwe zokwenziwa inhlaka. Kudinga ngisho isiponji elula athile. Cerium oxide, idayimane, Silica, yensimbi oxide ne-chromium oxide - compounds ezisetshenziswa njalo kunazo zonke namuhla.

Novakulit (amatshe siliceous aminyene) - futhi indaba enhle eluhlaza for izinto ezipholisha. Cerium oxide iyona amaminerali ngobuningi esetshenziselwa wokucwebezelisa ingilazi. Lokhu uxhumano awusebenzi bhala, kodwa lunikezwe olubushelelezi futhi kukhanye. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, Karbid Kremniya futhi zokwenziwa amadayimane salokhu ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Kususelwa kubo, wenza ibhande ezibizayo ikakhulukazi futhi ephumelelayo athile. It is kahle kakhulu zokuhamba ekwelapheni izinto eziningi "ezingezwakali."

Ukusetshenziswa kazibuthe

Eminyakeni yamuva, abantu abangaphezu futhi kabanzi embonini sebeqala abenza inqubo ukugaya athile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisi amanzi Umfutho noma emoyeni onomfutho: ezinhlayiyeni ezincane olwalwenza sintanta amandla kazibuthe amakhulu, okuyinto yakha "grindstone". Le ndlela isetshenziswa ngokunemba ubunjiniyela, njengoba ingasetshenziswa ukuze bathuthukise ulimi futhi ucije imininingwane, ngokuvamile okungaba ebiza kakhulu ukucubungula kanye / noma isikhathi eside. Njengoba olwalwenza evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu aluminium kwakwakhe ne izinsimbi ezithinta le ndawo.

amasu ezipholisha Magnetorheological

Lapho rheological ezipholisha indlela "ngokomzimba" ithuluzi olwalwenza alisetshenziswa. Izinto axutshwa nezinkolelo uketshezi ngazo hambisa mkhulu ngaphansi kwethonya Amasimu kagesi. Le ndlela, ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwelashwa izingxenye ezithile e ngokunemba ubunjiniyela kanye nezimboni efanayo zifana ngezindlela eziningi nalokho okuchazwe ngenhla.

Ngokuvamile, eminyakeni yamuva ekukhiqizeni ngokuya ekuqaleni ukusebenzisa Abrasives, pre-exutshwe zoketshezi noma zokwenziwa inhlaka. Isibonelo esihle - Goi wetted nokunamathisela olwalwenza esekelwe chromium oxide. Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje-ke unake okukhethekile. Isizathu sisobala - eziphansi lokhu lemagalagala kahle yaso ephezulu ngesikhathi wokucwebezelisa. Futhi, ngobumnene olwalwenza nokunamathisela izenzo phezu kwento okufanele aphathwe, ngaphandle ukunwaya noma kulimaze ke.

Ukugaya amasondo ngoba engela grinders ( "Abantu baseBulgaria")

Zisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela wokucwebezelisa. Abrasives angasahlelwa usike ngendlela izinto ikakhulukazi okuhlala. Ngenxa yale njongo, amasondo mncane olwalwenza zenziwa ngesisekelo aluminium oxide ne inhlaka phenolic. Ezimweni ezingavamile, metal ukugaya isondo. amathuluzi ezinjalo azinakusilela ikakhulu isizinda kwamachweba zemabula. Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu yezimbiwa kuyinto obukhulu kakhulu, kahle ukuba ezivamile sawing namasaha.

Njengoba sekushiwo, isetshenziselwa ukusika aluminium oxide, Karbid Kremniya, zokwenziwa yedayimane boron Carbide. Kulawa, isondo ukugaya zingenziwa, kuhlanganise uhlobo isaha blade esikhethekile ephezulu amandla izinto.

Amathuluzi main esetshenziselwa umkhakha

Ngakho, lezi zakhi kwakudingeka ukuba iloliwe, wokucwebezelisa, ukusika izinto. umkhakha Modern livame ukusebenzisa ithuluzi olwalwenza Lokudabuka yokufakelwa. Isizathu salokhu - kuqhathaniswa nezindleko eliphansi zokwenziwa. ngokwemvelo compounds okwenzeka ibiza kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo ngokuphindaphindiwe contact wathi aluminium oxide ne Karbid Kremniya, zirconia nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi superabrasives (idayimane noma boron nitride).

Okuhlukile ezingavamile futhi ikakhulu emelelwa corundum. He is eqolo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwaso ukukhiqizwa ngokwanele elinganiselwe. Esimeni amadayimane zemvelo ngisho akuvamile ngaphezulu esetshenziswa engafanele wokucwebezelisa ngenxa yobukhulu encane kakhulu, noma ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo.

Ukuvela Abrasives zezimboni

Umlando Abrasives zezimboni ukugaya amasondo owaqala ngokuvukela amaminerali yemvelo - asebenza ngebhethri ne-silicon, kanye corundum. Kuyilokhu kwamuva, ngasendleleni, okokuqala futhi yaziwa ngokuthi "Emery". Kwakuwusuku ibha lokuqala athile. Ukunqatshwa namaminerali zemvelo kwaqala ngo Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili futhi cishe yaqedwa ngasekupheleni kwayo. Iphuzu lapha kwaba zibiza kakhulu ngezinto zemvelo hhayi kuphela. Iqiniso lokuthi konke izakhiwo kahle ichazwe ukuthi ukushintsha isesengaphakathi. Abrasives Zokwenziwa futhi waqala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kungaba okuhluke kakhulu futhi kangcono ukuxazulula ezinye izinkinga engavamile.

Ngokwesibonelo, esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kungadalwa kwakwakhe nge shape kuyizinhlayiyana sifana ngetshe. Okubalulekile okunjalo ilungele lokusebenza kobuso amasondo ezipholisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukwakha izinto ezintsha ngokuphelele, ngokuhlanganisa, isibonelo, titanium oxide ne-aluminiyamu compounds. Lezi Abrasives mahle ekwelapheni evele kanzima kakhulu.

Lapho kwakukhona "intuthuko olwalwenza" embonini?

ukukhiqizwa Wanamuhla Abrasives, kuhlanganise ukukhululwa ukugaya amasondo Emery izikhumba, kunzima ukuchaza ngenxa isisindo zokuhweba kanye namalungelo obunikazi, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ukuchaza umkhiqizo ofanayo. Isihluthulelo ezimpini ezinjalo ilula - ngoba umehluko encane kunazo zonke Ukwakheka kumakhemikhali kungase ukubhalisa brand isithombe esisha. Kodwa uyini isisekelo zokwenziwa Abrasives, futhi lapho umkhakha kwadingeka ukuthi kungenzeka mass yabo ukuyisebenzisa?

Ngempela isenzakalo esibalulekile kwaba kuvulwa Silicon Carbide - mineral, hhayi yendalo. Ukudala alumina zokwenziwa e 1890 kuphela kwavusa ekuqaleni ucwaningo kule ndawo. Ekupheleni kuka-1920 zokwenziwa aluminium oxide, Karbid Kremniya, garnet futhi Emery kukhona Abrasives ezinkulu ezimbonini.

Kodwa ukufohla yangempela wafika ngo-1938. Kwabe kungenzeka ukukhiqiza alumina okumsulwa amakhemikhali, okuyinto ngokushesha yathola isicelo ebanzi e isiqoqi sama-softwe. Ngokushesha kwaba sobala ukuthi inhlanganisela zirconia futhi alumina ilungele imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi lekubazeni kanzima kakhulu metal amamaki. It ngempela powder olwalwenza esiyingqayizivele: ke igcina kahle eliphezulu, kodwa kancane. Namuhla entendeni futhi igcina zonke zokwenziwa alumina, ukulondoloza yasekuqaleni bauxite microcrystalline isakhiwo izinto sokuqala. Ikakhulukazi eziyingqayizivele Cubitron ™ yadalwa, kanye Abrasives esekelwe zobumba ngaphansi brand SolGel ™.

On "umngane yentombazane best" the

idayimane Yemvelo - omdala itshe athile. Waba ethandwa 1930. Tom tye ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, ngaphambi amavolumu zokukhiqiza idayimane kwaba azinakwa futhi nje emzimbeni lalingenakuzisibekela sihlangabezane nezidingo zombuso okhulayo kule mboni. Okwesibili, ngokuqondene umqondo acute ezayo impi, emazweni amaningi aqala ngokushesha afune izindlela ukucubungula tungsten Carbide ngosizo imishini. Le into yokubala isasetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa cores of armor- ukubhoboza projectiles.

Inkinga bekulokhu ezingasebenzi ekuphileni nobulukhuni indaba nemihuzuko nje akazange athathe. Ucwaningo olwenziwa e-1960 yi-General Electric, kuye kwaholela ukuvela zokwenziwa amadayimane. Ekugcineni cwaninga kule ndawo okuholela kuvulwa cubic boron nitride, CBN. Le ngxube, kokuba nobulukhuni idayimane, is kabanzi womshini nezinye Abrasives, ngoba kungenziwa cishe nepepper ku kanzima grade steel uthuli.

Yiqiniso, konke lokhu Abrasives, ngaphezu kwakho konke izakhiwo zawo ezimangalisayo, yayinesithiyo esisodwa omkhulu - izindleko. A ngaphandle wakamuva Abral olwalwenza, kwemiqondo ukukhathazeka European Pechiney. Le nkampani iye yasungula uhlobo "idayimane esikhundleni", okuyinto, kancane phansi kunabaphostoli nabo ubulukhuni kakhulu uwina intengo.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela Abrasives umkhakha baye bathuthela phambili. Omkhulu ukubaluleka Kwasetshenziswani njengoba isisekelo isicelo sabo. Ikakhulukazi, uma sidalwe Bakelite, ithuba lokuveza ukukhanya okuningi, kodwa amasondo ukugaya isikhathi eside. Bona ugaye ngokulinganayo futhi Abrasives kangcono kwasakazwa ivolumu yabo yangaphakathi. Linikeza izinga kangcono kakhulu materials ukucubungula.

Emery indwangu

Emery indwangu esetshenziswa njengoba base, izindwangu yokufakelwa futhi zemvelo, amafilimu, ngisho iphepha plain, Imicu yotshani Indwangu-kwagcizelela. Kwezinye izimo, le "nazhdachku" lalungiselela bakhulelisa isixazululo esekelwe phenolic inhlaka noma amanzi (ne ukwengeza Abrasives, vele) Indwangu. It kungabuye etholwe isipanji athile. Amathuluzi anjalo ngokuvamile eyaziwa cishe wonke umuntu, sibhekene nabo njalo futhi nsuku zonke.

Siye wachaza izicelo eziningi lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi iningi labo awabhekani umuntu osesilinganisweni emgwaqweni nhlobo ezimpilweni zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu abaningi bazi mayelana amatshe imimese, izinti noma lokukhuhla esifanayo, umuntu wasebenzisa anezikhala athile. Kodwa abambalwa kakhulu abantu bazi izinhlobo ezithile izinto ezisetshenzisiwe, isibonelo, amabombo abakhiqizi high imimese noma superhard amamaki steel. Lesi sakamuva, ngenhlanhla ikhaya alole cishe ngiyaphupha. "Sharpener" ngoba badinga ekhetheke kakhulu.

Ukuze eminye imisebenzi ukulingana elilodwa noma kwenye olwalwenza?

Nezidingo ezikhethekile okudingekayo superabrasive, okuyinto thina kakade okukhulunywe kafushane ngenhla. Babuye ethulwa ngesimo yesikhumba Emery, emabhulashini olwalwenza, amadiski nemibuthano. Ngakho, abakhiqizi steel kukhona alumina ne-silicon Carbide ekukhiqizeni standard-grade izindwani. ekukhiqizweni futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukusetshenziswa okubanzi imishini sandblasting: insimbi engagqwali, ibhola amabombo ukukhulula nokucubungula mass ikakhulukazi wokhuni oluqinile. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, abakhiqizi beqotho "ezimnandi zakudala" alumina. Lokhu powder olwalwenza kancane, kodwa ngempumelelo kakhulu.

Ekupheleni

Abrasives, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ukudlala indima emsebenzini wokukhiqiza cishe zonke izinto abantu babhekane nazo nsuku zonke. Ikakhulukazi, ngaphandle kwabo akukwazeki ukudala izakhiwo aluminium anodized, okuyizinto athandwa kanjalo abalandeli "apula" imikhiqizo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukugaya itshe "grinders" elula noma ngisho lokukhuhla abavamile - isithelo izizukulwane eziningi ososayensi nezazi zobungcweti ukuqoqa futhi bahlele ulwazi lwabo eminyakeni.

Izinkampani kukhicita tinhlobo ezihlukahlukene Abrasives, amasondo ukugaya nokuhlanganisa lokukhuhla, usebenzisa ulwazi theory, okuyinto zikhona izimboni eziningi ezihlobene nawo. Aqondiswa idatha etholwe ekuhloleni izinto ezenziwe ngobumba, ngokuvamile ezikhona isicelo i-chemistry, i-physics kanye yokusansimbi. Abrasives ziyasiza njalo - benjalo isici esiyinhloko umjikelezo zesimanje zokukhiqiza wamabhizinisi eziningi.