Imithetho Tennis. Umlando kanye kwemvelo.

Kuze kube namuhla, emlandweni akukho ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa, ngokunengqondo, ubani owavela ithenisi. Kusolwa ukuthi kwaba Walton Wingfield County eWales, okwathi ngo-1873 necebo imithetho yokuqala umdlalo ithenisi. Yayisekelwe umdlalo ethandwa ngesikhathi ebukhosini isiFulentshi, okuyinto okwakwaziwa ngokuthi ithenisi yangempela. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi French izwi tenez kwakusho akukho okunye ngokuthi "ukubamba". Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lesi sidlali ukukhala kwaziswe ophikisana naye ku iphimbo. Le nguqulo yokuqala umsuka igama umdlalo. Kukhona theory, okuyinto unolwazi ukuthi ithenisi uxhuma izwi ubudala French eliqondisela Shuttle ukwelukwa. Lokho kuzoxoxwa ngakho nokuhamba kwazo zabuya njengombani umdlalo futhi. Ubuye anikeze futhi ezinguqulweni zesiNgisi, okuyinto ziye zaba nomthelela imithetho tennis. Kakade 1874 inkantolo kuqala, futhi ngo-1877 wahlela Tennis Tournament lokuqala at Wimbledon wavulwa e-United States, lapho kuze kube yilolu suku ubhekwa ethandwa kakhulu. Ngemva kokuzalwa lo mdlalo yasungulwa ithenisi Awamarakhethi ngoba ithenisi.

Mhlawumbe, umuntu ngamunye abanesifiso sokwazi yokudala akhawunti emdlalweni - 15, 30 no-40 abuthelwa Eqinisweni, futhi kunzima ukuphendula. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lesi simiso ehlangene mshini phezu Ukudayela iwashi, kuphela ukuze kube lula Sound 45 salandelwa 40, noma izingqinamba on amazinga ezathathwa emuva eFrance ephakathi. Wingfield ezihlongozwayo ukwethula iqoqo 15-iphuzu, kodwa akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, e imithetho tennis babuyiselwa akhawunti "angajwayelekile."

Yalugunyaza ngo-1875, imithetho tennis phakathi namakhulu eminyaka cishe enjalo. Lezi zichibiyelo kuphela wenza sinombono ukukhanga umdlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, in the 50s thina lathathwa ithenisi simiso innings ezinhlanu, bese wenza ushintsho. Kancane kancane uzame ukwehlisa isikhathi umdlalo, ngoba Kwathi Ezimweni eziningi lapho amahlaya imisiwe isikhathi eside. Ngezinye alinganayo umdlalo umdlalo yaphela nge umehluko amaphuzu 2 kuphela imidlalo. Kule ndaba, ekuthatheni isinyathelo Van Alen ngumqondo laqanjwa ngokuthi yi- "tie-break", okuyinto manje umdlalo juqu, kusukela ku-akhawunti isethi 6-6.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 abadlali ithenisi ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze okufanayo kabili futhi kuthatha isikhathi esincane ngoba Lokhu isici ubhekwa ikhange nakakhulu sokuba izilaleli futhi zizihloniphe nazo ngokwazo abadlali. Phakathi no-2005 kunciphise inani imidlalo isethi, "tie-break" kukhala lapho isikolo kwaba 4-4. Lo mdlalo ngokuvamile isuswe amagoli amabili, okungukuthi, lapho isikolo kukhala iphuzu juqu 40-40. Imithetho emisha yabangela imibuzo ithenisi umdlalo, ngakho ezinye ezintsha yethulwa sahoxiswa. Abezindaba kulezi zenzakalo waqanjwa ngababili revolution ATP.

Kancane kancane ushintshe imithetho lokudonswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-round mncintiswano yesibili kufanele kube ngisho inombolo yabadlali. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abadlali abaningi bathatha ngomzuliswano wokuqala ngaphandle ukudlala. Lesi simiso "seeding" iqhaza yethulwa ngo-1922. Kwakuwusuku yokuthi tennis abadlali esiqine zohlobo lonke yegridi mqhudelwano, ukuze abazange ukuhlangabezana nomunye Umjikelezo.

Kuze kube manje, ithenisi umdlalo ethandwa futhi kuyabiza. Prize amachibi tournaments kakhulu "gxuma 'umgoqo elilodwa dollar ayisigidi. Liphinde kokuba njalo amazinga ATP futhi WTA, okhipha okuhamba phambili kwe-Tennis Professionals kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngokulandelana. Uma umdlali ivuliwe endaweni yokuqala le rankings in, kunikezelwe isimo umholi - ". Yethenisi wokuqala emhlabeni" Ukuze kufezekiswe le miphumela neqhaza ezinkulu Grand Slam tournaments akhe amane, aphethwe unyaka ngamunye: «Australian Open», «Roland Garros», «Wimbledon» futhi «US Open». Ukunqoba tournaments ezine - awukho umgomo odlula, ongafinyelela umdlali ithenisi. Ngaphezu imidlalo ngabanye, kukhona ithimba tournaments, okuyinto ubuhanjelwe amaqembu esizwe. Ngoba abantu - kuyinto Davis Cup, futhi abesifazane - Federation Cup. Umsuka ukusebenzisana amanga eHarvard izindonga, lapho abafundi aphethwe imithetho mqhudelwano, kamuva baba olusemthethweni.