Imfundiso yokuziphendukela dissociation electrolytic. Isi- okulula izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi

Nge elithi "dissociation electrolytic" ososayensi ukusebenza kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. ukubukeka kwakhe, sibophekile ngu usokhemisi Swedish Arrhenius. Ukusebenza inkinga electrolyte kule minyaka 1884-1887, uSathane wasungula kuye ukuchaza mkhuba ionization izixazululo futhi kumiswa ncibilika. Mshini zalesi simo sekunqunyiwe ukuchaza noqhekeko yezinhlayiya ku-ion, izakhi kokuba icala emihle noma emibi.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela dissociation electrolytic ichaza conductivity kwezinye izixazululo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-potassium chloride sici sale eqhekeza usawoti zishintshe ngoba potassium ion kokuba icala nge uphawu KCl «plus" (seka) kanye ion chlorine, njengoba ibhekene namacala nge uphawu "lokususa" (anion). Hydrochloric acid HCl ezidabula ibe seka (hydrogen ion) kanye anion (chloride ion), isixazululo sodium hydroxide NaHO kuholela sodium ion kanye anion njengoba ion hydroxide. Izinhlinzeko main inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela dissociation electrolytic ukuchaza ukuziphatha ion izixazululo. Ngokwalo mbono, bathi sebehamba ngokukhululeka besuka ezweni ngempela ngaphakathi isixazululo, ngisho iconsi elincane ikhambi isekelwa sokusabalalisa umfaniswano oppositely icala amacala kagesi.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kumiswa dissociation electrolytic of electrolyte izixazululo aqueous wachaza kanje. Ukubukeka ion khulula kubonisa lapho kubhujiswa lesi impahla crystal ngehele. Le nqubo by Ukuqedwa ketshezi emanzini kuthonywa umthelela polar kuphela molecule (e isibonelo sethu sicabanga amanzi). Base bekwazi ukunciphisa amandla Luhambo electrostatic ukhona phakathi ion in the crystal ngehele amasayithi, ion okuholela zidluliselwa ku-ukunyakaza khulula yesixazululo. Athomu khulula faka imvelo polar molecule yamanzi. Lokhu izinhlobo igobolondo elibazungezile, imfundiso yokuziphendukela dissotsiatsiinazyvaet electrolytic hydrated.

Kodwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela dissociation electrolytic Arrhenius uchaza kumiswa electrolyte hhayi kuphela izixazululo. Eheleni crystal zingadilizwa ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa. Amalahle crystal, sithola umphumela oscillations okukhulu ion in the sites eheleni: kancane kancane okuholela ekubhujisweni kwesimiso crystal futhi ukuvela Melt ngokuphelele sakhiwa ion.

Ukubuyela izixazululo kubhekwe impahla ahlukene into, esilibiza ngokuthi kuphela. Omele evelele kunazo zonke kulo mndeni amanzi. Isici esiyinhloko kuba phambi dipole amangqamuzana, isb lapho omunye ekupheleni kwe-molecule is kahle icala kanye nezinye omubi. I-molecule yamanzi ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nalezo zimfuneko, kodwa amanzi hhayi kuphela nje.

Inqubo kungadala dissociation electrolytic futhi okungezona aqueous kumakhemikhali awuketshezi polar, isibonelo, uketshezi i-sulphur dioxide, i-ammonia liquid, kanjalonjalo. Nokho, kuyinto amanzi oluthatha indawo esemqoka kulolu chungechunge ngenxa impahla yayo buthaka (chaza) ukukhangana electrostatic futhi abhubhise ngehele crystalline livela elikhanyayo ikakhulukazi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma izixazululo, siqonde lokho kuyinto ketshezi aqueous.

Ukutadisha ngokujulile property electrolyte ukuba azihambele nomqondo amandla nokuthi leso senzo senziwe dissociation. Ngaphansi degree of dissociation of electrolyte ehloselwe isilinganiso zishintshe dissociated ukuba inani lawo. electrolyte Nekhono, lokhu Coefficient zokhahlamba kusuka zero komunye, kanye nezinga dissociation, okuyinani elilingana zero, kubonisa ukuthi sisebenzelana nabangebona electrolyte. On ukwanda degree of dissociation of nomphumela omuhle okwandisa izinga lokushisa yesixazululo.

Electrolyte amandla inquma degree of dissociation, uma zizithola njalo futhi lokushisa. electrolyte Namandla ngezinga elithile dissociation, esondela ubunye. Kuyinto kahle nosawoti encibilikayo, alkalis, acid.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela dissociation electrolytic Kungenzeka ukuba achaze ezibanzi imihlola, okuyinto kufundvwe kohlaka physics, chemistry, physiology izitshalo nezilwane, electrochemistry theory.