Ikhadi umshayeli - kuyini? Kungani idingeka, kanjani futhi kuphi wayithola?

Omunye ezintsha in the commercial abanikazi imoto ikhadi umshayeli. Kuyini futhi udinga indlela - kuyasiza ukwazi bonke abashayeli, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo kokuba umsebenzi yizimpahla futhi tekutfutsa bagibeli akunakwenzeka. Ikhadi umshayeli yisibaluli lomunye usuku esiyisibopho imishini yezimoto - tachograph.

Uyini tachograph

Tachograph yidivayisi esiqukethe imodi ngesivinini, isivinini isilinganiso umshayeli kanye nenkathi wokusebenza. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze uvikele ukwephula womgwaqo, kanye kujwayeleke ngesikhathi umsebenzi kanye nokuphumula. I tachograph kukhonjelwe isitifiketi saziso, oyoletha nezinzuzo ezingokoqobo lapho esebenza abomthetho ngokunikeza ubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama lezi amadivaysi - digital futhi analog. Analog Amadivayisi ukuphepha level ingaphansi, okuholela zinyamalala kancane kancane kusuka emakethe. ukubethela mfihlo ka tachographs digital iqinisekisa kulondolozwe idatha zomlando, ekuvimbeleni ushintsho inzuzo. Ukuvikelwa inikezwa ngokusebenzisa yona ukusebenza amakhadi epulasitiki ezinhlobo ezehlukene, phakathi kwawo - ikhadi umshayeli. Ukuthi kuyini, kuyokhanya kusukela ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngalesi mkhiqizo kulesi sihloko. Okunye izinhlobo zamakhadi (kuncike esigabeni umsebenzi) - kuba:

• master ikhadi, okuyinto edingekayo ukufaka futhi ulungiselele lisebenze;
• ikhadi inkampani, ngawo ungathola isamba enwetshiwe idatha;
• ikhadi isilawuli, okungenza ukusizakala abasebenzi iziphathimandla wemfanelo ukuze uqinisekise izibalo.

Ikhadi umshayeli: kuyini?

Ikhadi umshayeli kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ubani ngokuyinhloko obangela umshayeli. Lokhu chip ikhadi plastic okuyinto siqu futhi ayikwazi akhishwe kwelakho ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Liqukethe idatha ezidingekayo ukuze ubuqiniso umshayeli imoto. Lezi zihlanganisa ulwazi lwezikhathi, isikhathi sokuphumula futhi sisendleleni. ikhadi Ikhishwe yokushayela tachograph iminyaka emithathu, ngemva kwalokho-ke kufanele kuthathelwe indawo. Ukuze ube umnikazi ikhadi le-ID plastic, kumele bahlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo umuntu wemvelo:

• khona umuntu makathole imvume ukuze ashayele imoto «C» isigaba, «D», «E»;
• ukungabi khona umuntu ikhadi ethize ngesikhathi kwesicelo;
• lokuhlala endaweni WaseRussia izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-185 ngonyaka;
• yobudala ubuncane nesishiyagalombili (ngoba isisindo ezokuthutha engaphansi kuka 7.5 amathani) kanye engamashumi amabili nanye (abagibeli ezokuthutha).

Kulo mBhalo kudinga okuhlangenwe nakho unyaka owodwa.

Izinhlobo umshayeli amakhadi

Okwamanje eRussia zikhona ezintathu izinhlobo zamakhadi, ngokuvumelana tachograph, lapho umshayeli usebenza imoto.

1. Map tachographs Russian nokuba khona isivikelo cryptographic (nge ibalazwe CIPF).

2. Map tachographs Russian ngaphandle Ukuvikelwa cryptographic.

3. Faka kumephu kwamazinga amazwe ngamazwe lapho esebenzelana nesizwe tachograph European (AETR ikhadi).

Umehluko omkhulu ebangela version isiRashiya, futhi isampula umshayeli yolunye ikhadi. Kuyinto kuhambisana Isivumelwano European neziqondiso Russian lobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yalokho, ulimi-ugcwalise idatha ku amabalazwe ezahlukene.

Inqubo yokuthola ikhadi umshayeli

umshayeli ikhadi ingatholakala ngokuxhumana inhlangano ukuze ayiswe yabo. Kulokhu, kufanele uhlinzeke amakhophi passport yakho, ilayisense yokushayela futhi SNILS nesithombe esingu-1 omnyama nomhlophe on isizinda ezimhlophe ekulinganiseni 3.5 * 4.5. Kufanele ubhale ifomu inhlangano. Ilungiselelo le mininingwane eqala kwemvume esilondolozini nokucutshungulwa idatha yomuntu siqu. Imibhalo ingase ithunyelwe ngokubhala noma ngendlela kagesi imininingwane yokuxhumana. Ngemva ikhadi umshayeli tachograph usulungile, kumele wacosha mathupha. Ukuhamba kwe-imeyili akunakwenzeka, kanye Ukukhishwa omunye umuntu ngaphandle kwemvume.

Ukuthola izandla zakho ekhadini siphelile angenela ukuhambisana nemigomo emsebenzini wayo, faka isixwayiso kwabanye futhi asebenzise umkhiqizo kuphela ngenhloso eyakhelwe lona. Esimeni ezenza kube nzima ukuqhubeka ukusetshenziswa ikhadi, kumele yayibuya womshini inhlangano yayo.

Ngingalutholaphi ikhadi umshayeli

ukunakekela okukhethekile banikezwe indawo womshini umkhiqizo, njengoba ikhadi umshayeli. Kuphi - ingatholakala kwi-website esemthethweni ROSAVTOTRANS, equkethe uhlu zonke izinkampani ukuthi banelungelo ukukhipha lamakhadi. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlangano ezikhethekile kuphela unelayisensi ezifanele banelungelo lokwenza ikhadi umshayeli. Njengomthetho, nabo banelungelo lokuthola ukufakwa tachograph. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ingozi ukuxhumana nomuntu wahlanganyela womshini amakhadi kubashayeli ngokungemthetho, okuyinto lokhu kuhilelani, kokubili umonakalo impahla kanye nezimilo. Ukuze ugweme izimo ezinjalo, kudingeka uhlole nhlangano ungaqiniseki, ngokuvumelana uhlu Ministry of Transport.

Ukumiswa sokusebenza ikhadi

Inhlangano, elikhiphe ikhadi umshayeli, has ilungelo lokumisa ke phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokusetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile: mbumbulu, wasidlulisela kwabanye ukusebenzisa futhi ukuthola irisidi usebenzisa amaphepha angumkokotelo. Uma umshayeli chip ikhadi isetshenziswa ngomunye umuntu, kubuye kube isizathu sokumiswa yayo. Ngaphezu izici ukusetshenziswa ayilungile, umuntu isihlonzi ingavinjwa nemithi siqu yomnikazi ngenxa umonakalo yayo noma ukulahlekelwa.

sokuvuselela okuphindiwe ubuqiniso ikhadi akunakwenzeka. Ngo okwesikhashana ukusebenza kwawo kudingeka kabusha izicelo ikhadi elisha umshayeli.

nemingcele Operating ekhadini umshayeli

Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo usebenza ngendlela efanele umkhiqizo elinjalo, umshayeli ikhadi. Kuyini futhi siyini umjikelezo umsebenzi, kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale imoto, kufanele uvumele tachograph futhi aveze umazisi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka ikhadi lakho embotsheni ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Nge isinyathelo esifanele futhi bayolizwa ngokuchofoza nesihenqo izobonisa ulwazi mayelana umnikazi. Ngokulandelayo, faka indawo yakho ngokukhetha kwaso kusuka ohlwini, noma ngokufaka ngesandla. Traffic usungaqala Uma senenze lokhu manipulations.

Esefikile endaweni noma ekupheleni shift kumelwe asuswe ikhadi tachograph, ngaphambili ekhomba iphuzu indawo. Idatha zanqwabelana isibonisi tachograph Kunconywa hhayi ngaphansi kuka sinye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-28. Kufanele kugcinwe kwenye idivayisi digital noma zinyatheliswe ukuze kokulondoloza kufika eminyakeni engu-2. Kuyadingeka ukuba uhlole ngokunemba we tachograph neziphathimandla zokulawula. ukwelashwa ezingu 28 iyadingeka, kodwa ezikhathini eziningi idatha okukhipha, ngcono.

Izindleko ikhadi umshayeli

Intengo yokudala umshayeli amakhadi phakathi ububanzi ruble 2000-3000. Uma kwenzeka yokulahlekelwa noma ukonakala izindleko esikhundleni izobiza ruble 2500. I-oda samukelwa ukusebenza at 100% yokukhokha. Uma kungekho kungenzeka umhlobiso siqu, cishe zonke izinhlangano ukunikela oda kuwebhusayithi yayo olusemthethweni ku-intanethi. Udinga ukunikela yonke imibhalo edingekayo futhi ulwazi labo lokuxhumana ukuthola umuntu isihlonzi ukusetshenziswa njengendlela ikhadi umshayeli. ukugcwalisa isampuli ngokuvamile enamathiselwe.