I State Museum yezindaba zemihla Cosmonautics (Kaluga): incazelo, ukusebenza amahora, izindleko ukuvakashelwa. Isikhala Museum (Kaluga): Izibuyekezo

Kaluzhane bakholelwa ukuthi izwe labo uye zafaka umfutho ukuthuthukiswa amandla enuzi kanye ukuhlola umkhathi. Museum, okungaba yokuziqhenya ngayo Kaluga, elise ngokunembile kuleli dolobha. Ukwakha ophahleni olungaphakathi lwesakhiwo equkethe ziphephile esiyingqayizivele, etshela ngomlando Astronautics, waqala ukwakha ngo-1936. Amafomu ingxenye yokuqala Ngokuzayo eyinkimbinkimbi isibe indlu-Museum of KE Tsiolkovsky.

Khona-ke impi. Okwesikhathi esithile Ngikhohlwe mayelana Kaluga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwakhiwa isikhala Museum baqhubeka ngemva kuka-1945. Maduze, ngebhange emaweni komfula kwepaki Yachenki isakhiwo yesimanje liye landa ngendlela ewumbukwane, lapho ziphephile izikhathi ezahlukene zathathwa ngokucophelela.

Ukwakhiwa Museum

Ngo-1957, wayesefakwa ku-orbit satellite yokufakelwa Zomhlaba. Wavula ekhasini elisha emlandweni wesintu. Ingakapheli iminyaka emibili ososayensi ngobukhulu Soviet yakhipha incwadi. Lathi kubalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo lapho ekuphonsweni ngabe uhlanganiswe. Ngo-1960, kwanqunywa ukuba ukudala maphakathi Astronautics. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe zika Kaluga olwaqala ukwakha ngokushesha, wasungulwa ngemuva kokuhlaziya angaphezu kuka-230 imisebenzi abaklami. Ababhali yephrojekthi, eyamukelwa, wathola uMklomelo State of the RSFSR. Ngo-1961, Yuriya Alekseevicha gagarina abamenyiwe ukubeka itshe kuqala. USawuli wathatha a trowel, wahosha ekhukhwini lakhe uhlamvu, yabonisa ukuthi eduze elithile ngizungezwe amadoda akhe. Emomotheka ngobuso bakhe, wabeka penny isiko isitini sokuqala lasendulo. Bese ngokushesha baqala ukubeka omunye isitini ngesikhathi. Kwatholakala ukuthi kuyinto virtuoso nge trowel. Ekugcineni, i-astronaut wasukuma, wanika a abakhi ithuluzi aphakamisele izandla zakhe, ekwamukeleni abahlanganyeli. Kaluzhane ngentshiseko wamphendula wathi esinokuduma ihlombe. Ngakho, Cosmonaut kwezwe yokuqala, wabeka isisekelo phezu okuyinto kamuva wakha Museum of umlando Astronautics. Kaluga ngo-1967 emcimbini onesizotha yakhoselisa izivakashi kuqala. Ekuvulweni astronaut efika AG Nikolaev, owakhuluma rally.

Manje kukhona kwakhiwa isakhiwo Museum yesibili. endaweni yaso izikhathi 4 obukhulu kunobukaJohane ukwakhiwa yasekuqaleni. Lesi sakhiwo esisha, ehlanganisa amathathu phansi ukunikeza ukukhanya, njengoba ezakhiwe ingilazi nokhonkolo. Ngo kuyothiwa zommbila kanye escalators ukusebenza. Nge ophahleni yayo futhi kummango ivula umbono omangalisayo we Yachenskoe kwesigubhu. Linikeza abantu abanokukhubazeka futhi uzokwazi ukugibela ophahleni futhi emphemeni observation. Wonke umuntu uyoba nethuba ukuvakashela ebhayisikobho yesimanje, ukubamba iqhaza "emkhathini" lapho bazozizwa lokujabulela indiza esemkhathini. Luzosebenza "Cosmic Cafe." Ngaphezu kwalokho, yizimanga eziningi more futhi imiphumela ekhethekile abasebenzi Museum okulungiselelwe izivakashi.

On a emaweni emthambekeni Yachenki

Lesi siqiwu, okungase ukushweleza omkhulu usosayensi Tsiolkovsky, kuyinto Obelisk. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe (Kaluga) - lapha, zomlando Astronautics iphuzu lokuqala itholakala esizeni. It has a amafomu alula futhi laconic. isakhiwo kwezindlu - kuyinto isikwele side. Long izindonga longitudinal - abayizithulu, iphela - okusobala, ngezinkomishi ezinamekwe ngomthofu. It ishunyekwa eningizimu ohlangothini izinkanyezi ezenziwe aluminium.

It has ukuma ellipsoid mpo futhi kunqoba ophahleni Museum. Le ngxenye ikunikeza isakhiwo aura ezithile amandla futhi luyisibonakaliso ukufohla komuntu emkhathini. Seduze ongaphandle Museum umbukiso eyingqayizivele kakhulu izama esibhakabhakeni - rocket "Vostok", esimelela esisekelweni ekhethekile. Lokhu - hhayi ikhophi, futhi rocket understudy.

Kanjani ukwakha amahholo Museum?

Isakhiwo inezingxenye eziningana. Kuyo kukhona igumbi ezethula, biography Igumbi sika (isayensi) KE Tsiolkovsky kanye nokusentshenziswa kwe imibono yakhe. Kukhona izinkanyezi. Kusobala ukwabelana ngezihloko amahholo umthetho isikhala esisodwa. Ziphephile Ukwakheka eziklanywe ngokucophelela yokuhlala. Isikimu sombala kusiza ukwakha isizinda esihle kubo nokudalulwa ephelele umcondvo lobalulekile mbukiso. Esikhathini design yasetshenziswa: kupenda mural, KaMose, ihluzo, ebaziwe, izithombe. Zonke ekungizo ukukhombisa intuthuko Astronautics. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe zika Kaluga elinakekela ngokuzikhandla, avuselelwa njalo nge nemibukiso entsha.

Ngo ihholo lokuqala

Isivakashi iqala ukuhlolwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvula ehholo. Ngo kuba understudy wokuqala yokufakelwa emhlabeni satellite. Into emzileni izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha. understudy kwakhe kwadluliselwa Museum. Wayilengisa okusezingeni eliphezulu e egumbini eliyingungu ihholo futhi elintantayo emkhathini. Isisindo satellite - 83,6 kg, ubukhulu - 80 cm, Ukujikeleza isikhathi emhlabeni jikelele - imizuzu 96,17. Kukhona uhlobo "isiqubulo esithi" kulo lonke embukisweni - nombukiso esiyingqayizivele. Lokhu KaMose "abantu baseSoviet - wabahloli bendawo yonke." Ukudalwa omkhulukazi. It ithatha indawo odongeni 180 sq. m., akhulume kubantu abasebenza, amaphayona isikhala. Yena sihambisana amazwi KE Tsiolkovsky.

Ekamelweni elilandelayo - Biography KE Tsiolkovsky emibhalweni yakhe

Ngo ingilazi icala esikhulu odongeni kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa missile ubuchwepheshe. Sabonisa iphupho indiza womuntu, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, Yempucuko futhi emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva. Akayikhohliwe amagama uLeonardo da Vinci, uCopernicus, Newton, Lomonosov. Amawindi ngabanye ziboniswa imisebenzi KE Tsiolkovsky ku yamabhanoyi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibonisa imodeli we indiza, okwadala nososayensi. Okuningi yomsebenzi wakhe kuyizinto ezitholakalayo kuyi-ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya, futhi zezindiza.

Nansi layout izindiza AF Mozhaiskogo eziphathelene 1881. Okuningi ngo-1878 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky uphakamise ukuthi le indiza kungenzeka emkhathini, ngokunembile, we ukuxhumana interplanetary. Khona-ke kwaba into eqanjiwe ephelele. Khona-ke efika esiphethweni sokuthi kuphela izindlela zokuhamba - kungcono rocket. Echaza umuntu spacewalk, Tsiolkovsky kunikeza incazelo astronaut spacesuit. Umsebenzi wakhe, wayehamba hhayi kuphela izibalo, kodwa futhi imidwebo. Futhi embukisweni izincwadi ezinyatheliswa ngaye phesheya.

Ezithakazelisa kakhulu Igumbi - indoda futhi yonke

Lunikeza jet izinjini. Maphakathi ehholo kuyinto layout "Vostok" futhi isithombe iphaneli "Phuma Cosmonaut Leonov e evulekile." Ngokushesha - "Mir" esiteshini esemkhathini. Kuyinto evuleleke emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amakhophi i yokufakelwa Earth satellite ngosayizi ophelele:

• "Kosmos-166" lapho kutadishwa ilanga.
• "Kosmos-108" sokuba ukuhlaziywa emkhathini.
• "Proton", esicwaninga izinhlayiya ephezulu amandla.
• "Molniya-1", okusho adlulisele izinhlelo zethelevishini.

Amakhophi lunik ngesayizi enkulu:

• AMC "Luna-9", "Luna 16" okuyinto ukude uphenyo selenium.
• Ukuqoqwa inhlabathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga.

Ukuze izifundo Mars kanye Venus isicelo esiteshini "Mars-3" futhi "Venus-9." Babuye ibekwe eMnyuziyamu yezindaba zemihla Cosmonautics. Kaluga akusho okwamanje endaweni okwanele ukuze kuhlaliswe zonke amasayithi ezinkulu.

I mhlobiso

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ikhanga izivakashi original kokwehla mkhathi imoto "Soyuz-34" ejection esihlalweni "East" nge-astronaut dummy. Futhi okwamanje amasudi - Sekujutshwe ngomsebenzi extravehicular. Futhi Space ukudla, umshini self ezinezinjini "Lunokhod-2" okuyinto saphathwa nge amazwe. Amalungiselelo kwethulwa rocket yenethiwekhi nge mkhathi kunikeza umbono walokho imodeli yokusebenza kwe-cosmodrome "Baikonur".

Njengoba esifuze enkulu Space Museum (Kaluga) kugcina logbook we Cosmonaut kuqala. Kuyinto encane. It lwenzelwe umuntu okufakiwe emzileni ebonakalayo kahle Emhlabeni emkhathini kanjani isibhakabhaka kubonakala, kungakhathaliseki ukubonwa umkhathizwe ngokwanele namanye nezindaba.

anezinkanyezi sky

iminyango Double kukhona izinkanyezi uvalwe waqiniswa izivakashi. Manje magic kwenzekani. Ukukhanya uyaphuma kancane. Ngo ubumnyama lamatshwayo ehholo. Kuba umshini engabonakali ukuthi wema maphakathi round ihholo. Ngandlela-thile wakhumbuza intethe, nje elikhulu, elezinqola ngamadolo emincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mlisa uthi, zonke izivakashi iwe buthule. Uhola indaba isazi sezinkanyezi esidumile, owaphila kudala e-Italy. Igama lakhe - Giovanni Schiaparelli. Wavula ukuba "isiteshi" Mars. Schiaparelli wayehlezi amahora ebumnyameni amehlo ami uzizwe ukukhanya awuwona yini ongelutho kunayo. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye amaqhinga anjalo ingabonwa ngokusebenzisa eyepiece ka isibonakude.

Ngakho, phambi kwezilaleli livela Velvety isibhakabhaka ebusuku ukujula. It owuthanda futhi ikhanga. Constellation ubuhlalu. Akukho ngisho ifu elilodwa. I kwesibhakabhaka ukujula abatelekile nobumsulwa okufanekisa ingunaphakade. Kuzwakala umculo onesizotha, kanye kusakazeka izinkanyezi eziningi ihlanganisa umkhatsi omkhulu owawuphezu kwamakhanda azo. Izinsiza efana inyuka ngobukhulu futhi ugcwale nobusuku obungamashumi cool. Eqinisweni, Dome izinkanyezi akuyona omkhulu kangaka, kodwa kunjani ngokoqobo, futhi yeka kubukeka. Izethameli akakwazi ukuba injabulo. Nge indlela yokudala ukuze izivakashi umsebenzi isikhala Museum (Kaluga). Izinkanyezi ukuvakashelwa cishe noma ubani nje oza lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho kuseshini luphela, okusho ukuthi ubusuku usuthathelwa entathakusa. Izinkanyezi ancibilike futhi ishabalale. Dawn uyavuka, ke igqamuka licace ngamunye yesibili. Fire akwazi ukugcina yokukhanya ivela empumalanga. Siqokomisa idolobha lesimanje lase-Kaluga.

Khona-ke labo abafundisayo abanolwazi izinkanyezi izivakashi tshela nge umlando umfanekiso isikhala, abantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, isakhiwo, isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, isimo sezulu kwamanye amaplanethi. Bathi ukuxoxa izinqubo ezenzeka elangeni futhi ekujuleni nezinye ezinkanyezini ezikude. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ungakwazi hit amandla nobukhulu bakhe universe. Izinkanyezi nge ubuchwepheshe besimanje ukhiqiza tebuciko kanye nasemakhonweni okuhlakanipha esimnandi. Ukuze ngomqondo okhethekile isikhala umuzwa abasebenzi Museum asibeké ke ucezu kwemvula yezinkanyezi ezinomsila, okungase kuthintwe.

Yini enye engingabuye ingxenye Museum?

Isakhiwo kuhlanganisa emnyuziyamu-indlu LA Chizhevskogo kwathi izindlu ezimbili KE Tsiolkovsky. Omunye ungaphakathi Borovsk, elinye - e Kaluga. Lo muntu Kaluga, etholakala eduze ngokushesha Museum. Futhi kukhona ungabona Interiors, lapho engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, wahlala Tsiolkovsky. Wahlala Kaluga, iminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye ubudala, wathenga indlu ngo-1904, budebuduze emfuleni. Lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda olulodwa storey. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emine entwasahlobo kwakukhona uzamcolo omkhulu - Amanzi agcwala indlu. Lo mkhaya uthuthela omakhelwane, futhi Tsiolkovsky kwaba elisophahleni lwendlu zincwadi, yesandla amathuluzi. Okudingekayo, waletha esikebheni. Uma amanzi lingasekho, ehlobo lwakhiwe esiqongweni mezzanine futhi ithala, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi engotsheni. Mezzanine waba iKhabhinethi. Lilondolozwe ke yokuqala izinto nososayensi. A kompheme yaphenduka studio. Ngalo Tsiolkovsky waya ophahleni, lapho benza ucwaningo bese wabukela kundiza khona izinyoni, egqolozele phezulu esibhakabhakeni esigcwele izinkanyezi ebusuku.

Kaluga Space Museum: ukusebenza

Museum ivuliwe nsuku zonke ngaphandle ngeMisombuluko, kusukela ngehora leshumi ekuseni kuze lesithupha ntambama. NgoMgqibelo - kuya kweziyisikhombisa. NgoLwezithathu, ekuqaleni ukuvulwa imisiwe ihora. Kodwa ukusebenza isikhathi eside ebusuku - kuze kufinyelele 21 amahora. Kuncike ngosuku yokuhlanza. It is olwenziwa ngoLwesihlanu lokugcina enyangeni. samukele izivakashi wokungenisa izihambi Kaluga. Isikhala Museum, izinkanyezi ukusebenza ngokuvumelana esimisweni wonke eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze kube lula izivakashi tonkhe tigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi avulekele ngesikhathi esifanayo.

amanani amathikithi

State Museum of Cosmonautics (Kaluga) izindleko amasevisi inikeza ngokulinganisela. Wonke umuntu owayeneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha ubudala, wavakashela eziyinkimbinkimbi mahhala. Ukuze abafundi labaya impesheni, intengo ithikithi - ikhulu namashumi ruble. Kulabo abasebenza - ikhulu namashumi amahlanu. Izithombe kungenziwa ngokukhokha ngaphezulu ruble, anamakhulu mabini.

Iziithombe-sikrini zohlelo

Labo abaye wavakashela Space Museum (Kaluga), kokushiya Izibuyekezo nomdlandla kakhulu, sibhale zonke wazibona futhi ukulibonisa ku izithombe. Ncoma ukuba ahambele wonke abangabangane nabantu engingabazi. Futhi wayewazisa umsebenzi futhi izinkanyezi, njengoba bonke Ukuhlola kukhona ezingeni eliphakeme kunawo lobuchwepheshe. Mark nezihloko kakhulu lapho kwenziwa izinkambo kule izinkanyezi. Thina, siphinde kukukhuthaze ukuba emnyu- isikhala at ithuba zokuqala. Uma kuphela ngoba enjalo wesibili ezweni lethu akudingeki.