I-Plateau Ustyurt: indawo, incazelo

Ipulazi elidumile lase-Ustyurt lisendaweni e-Asia Ephakathi, lihlala ensimini enkulu yemitha engamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200. Umngcele waseKazakhstan, u-Uzbekistan kanye nesigaba esincane seTurkmenistan sidlula. Eqinisweni, igama elithi "Ustyurt" kunguqulo yeTurkiki yokuhumusha ifana ne "plateau".

Indalo emangalisayo yemvelo

Ososayensi-izazi ze-geologists zisikisela ukuthi kusukela ngesikhathi i-plateau yaqala, kungakapheli iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-20 edlule. Kodwa-ke, ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kuma-80s, umhlaba wesayense waba nesithakazelo ku-Ustyurt. Ukuhambela e-Ustyurt Plateau kwahlelwa ngezikhathi eziningi. Abantu babefuna ukuqoqa ulwazi oluningi ngalendawo enhle kakhulu.

Abomakhelwane bendalo enkulu yemvelo ba:

• Ehlangothini olusentshonalanga - i-peninsula iMangyshlak neGulf of Kara-Bogaz-Gol (ngokuhumusha ngokuthi "umlomo omnyama");
• Empumalanga - i-Aral Sea engenakunqunywa, i- delta yoMfula i- Amudarya.

Bozzhira

Ubukhulu bepulazi lase-Ustyurt buhlaba umxhwele, ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuphakama kwawo kuyahluka kusuka ku-180 ukuya ku-300 amamitha. Ngezinye izikhathi kunezikhumulo ezingamamitha angu-350 eziphuthumayo - ama-chinks, aphezulu ngaphezu kwethafa eliseduze.

Ephakeme kakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-plateau okuthiwa iBozzhira. Iqukethe amapulazi anamadwala, amagquma (amagquma) anezingcaphuno ezilinganayo. Indawo yeBozzhira iyinhle kakhulu, ingenza umncintiswano ofanelekile kuMfula waseMonuments odumile (USA). Into kuphela ehlukanisa lezi ngxenyana ezimangalisayo zomhlaba kusukela komunye nomunye ukufika kwabavakashi. Ngokuzisola okukhulu, bambalwa kakhulu kubo abazwa ngokukhona kwaleli pearl lika-Ustyurt. Kuyafaneleka ukutadisha iKazakhstan embalazweni wezintaba ukuze kuhlolwe ukukala kwalendawo.

Esidlule esedlule se-plateau

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-21 edlule, le plateau yayingaphansi kwamanzi. Kuleso sikhathi esikude eMhlabeni kwakukhona amazwekazi amabili amakhulu - uLaurasia noGondwana. Zazihlukaniswa nolwandle lwaseTethys. Ukunyamalala kolwandle lasendulo, oluyingxenye yolwandle, luwela engxenyeni yokuqala yeCenozoic. Ukuhamba kwalolu hlelo kuphuthumayo eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezimbili ezedlule, ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwamaCaspian noBlack Sea.

Emgodini we-Ustyurt uthole ama-seashells, okufakazela ukuthi i-hypothesis yaqhutshwa phambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomthamo omkhulu we-ferromanganese nodules, okuyisayizi nobujamo obufana namabhola amabhilidi. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozoqagela ukuthi ama-spherical formations ahlakazekile kuwo wonke umhlaba we-plateau akhiwa ngaphansi kwezimo zasolwandle. Amanzi kancane kancane ahlanza ama-dolomite nama-limestone, kodwa ama-ferromanganese ama-concretions awakhulunywa kakhulu, athola ama-roundlines. Angikholelwa ukuthi i-Ustyurt plateau itholakala eKazakhstan. Izakhamuzi zendawo ziyaziqhenya ngokukhangiswa okunjalo.

Ubuhle obungenakulinganiswa

Ukukhululeka okukhona ngisho nendawo ewugwadule. Kwezinye izindawo udaka luhlala enhlabathini, kwezinye - indawo ecacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zikhona izindawo zesihlabathi noma i-gravel encane. Ugwadule lushintshwa yizinhlanzi noma amadwala, ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukushayela. Ukuzibandakanya ngokuzibophezela ngomzwelo wokuthi useplanethi elingenampilo noma ukhona kwiqoqo lamafilimu aseHollywood wefomethi efanayo. I-Plateau Ustyurt idonsela ukunakekelwa kwezivakashi eziningi kanye nabathwebuli bezithombe abahlanganyela ekuqopheni amazwe.

Ubuhle beqiniso bemadwala aseCretaceous bubonakala lapho ilanga liphuma noma libeka. Kulezi zikhathi, umbukiso omuhle uvula: imisebe ivame ukunikeza amatshe amhlophe ama- red shades. Emini, baba kancane bluish. Uma uyazisa izinto ezibonakalayo, yiba nesiqiniseko sokuvakashela epulazini lase-Ustyurt (Kazakhstan).

Abamele izitshalo nezilwane ezihlala epulazini

Mayelana nezitshalo nezilwane, kubalulekile ukuphawula lokhu okulandelayo. Akukho lutho olungamangaza umvakashi. Abameleli abanjalo bomhlaba wesitshalo njengomhlonyane kanye ne-saxaul babusa. Esikhathini esiphezulu sehlobo sasehlobo, esingapheli isikhathi eside, izimbali zivela, futhi isithombe siba sobala.

Izwe lesilwane lihlukile kakhulu. Kukhona zonke lezo zintlobo eziye zavumelana nokuphila ezintabeni nasezintabeni. Izimo ezishisayo ezikhungweni zepulazi ziyakuthanda izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, ezimelelwa yizilonda, izinyoka nezinambuzane. Amagundane amancane ahlelwe kahle (i-jerboa, i-ground squirrel, i-marmot, i-gerbil), ama-hedgehogs nama-hares. Lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yilowo nalowo uyisisulu esingaba khona empisi, ipukane noma i-caracal. I-cheetah, yezinhlobo ezingavamile, akuyona embi, ngakho-ke siyayivikela ngomthetho. Ukuqhosha kuka-Ustyurt yi-saigas esabayo. Ngeshwa, inani labo lisesimweni esibucayi. Ezilwaneni ezinama-cloven, kukhona ne-argali.

Emadwaleni we-chink ama-vultures nama-eagles agubha ngobuningi obukhulu, bebuka ngokuziqhenya konke okwenzeka ngezansi ethafeni. Kunezinyoni, ezijwayele abantu baseYurophu - amajuba nezindlunkulu. Abantu bahlala epulazini lenyoka yase-Ustyurt ngezinga elikhulu. Ngakho-ke, izivakashi kufanele ziqaphele, zihamba ngezindawo zomhlaba.

Esinye isici se-Ustyurt plateau inombolo enkulu yamahhashi asendle. Lapho ukuhamba kwamaKazakh kuzalisa izilwane ezifuywayo emapulazini asendaweni.

Amanzi nemimoya

Amanzi epulazini kubhekwa njengengosi, njengoba izindawo zokugcina zemvelo sezilokhu zinyamalale. Yonke imifula namachibi kwakumile. Ukuba khona ezikhathini ezikude kuboniswa imibhede eyomile kanye ne-solonchaks. Imimoya e-Ustyurt inenkululeko ephelele, ngoba le ndawo ayikho imikhawulo yemvelo efana nezintaba namahlathi.

Lokhu kubonakala esimweni samadwala aseKarst, okuholela ekuguquleni komhlabathi, okuholela ekushintsheni kancane kancane emingceleni yePulazi le-Ustyurt uqobo.

Izindwangu ezungeze indawo

Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi u-Ustyurt wayehamba emigwaqweni yamakhansela, athunyelwa edolobheni laseKhorezm, bese athuthela ezindaweni ezisogwini olwandle lwaseCaspian naseMfuleni weVolga. Ngamanye amazwi, uMgwaqo Omkhulu weSilikhi udlule . Kunamanje izinto eziningi zokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abahweba bavame ukuvakashela leli phepha. Lokhu, isibonelo, isisele samathuna namathempeli angaphansi komhlaba. Izindawo zokuhlala, ngisho nemizi enezinkundla ezihambela amakhansela (caravanserais) kanye nayo yonke ingqalasizinda. Amanxiwa omunye walawo mizi ngaphansi kwegama elithi Shahr-i-Wazir wahlala enesimweni esihle.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-70 ekhulwini lokugcina indiza ehamba ngendiza phezu kwele plateau yaqhuba izithombe zendawo. Phezu kwetafula, izithombe eziyimfihlakalo zavezwa, into efana nemicibisholo eyayiqondiswa enyakatho-mpumalanga. Izakhi ze-triangular shape zinezicabha ezithandekayo, izinhlangothi zazo zifinyelela ngamamitha ayi-100 ubude. Amakhosi angaziwa asetshenziselwa ukwakha "imicibisholo" emikhulu emhlabathini esebenzisa itshe elichotshoziwe. Ngokusobala, ziqukethe incazelo engcwele. Imphendvulo ecacile neyengacacile kulo mbuzo, ososayensi abahlinzeki okwamanje.

Eduzane nekhoneni ngalinye lemifudlana yomhlaba bayaguwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi baye bagcina amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu "imicibisholo", eyatholakala kamuva nezinye izibalo, ikakhulukazi amasosha, amaphiramidi kanye namavolumu, nawo ahlanganiswe ngamatshe. "Imicibisholo" etafuleni ingahle ibekwe ngokulinganayo esigabeni esifanayo semigqa yomlando njengezithombe ezidumile ehlane laseNazca.

Qinisekisa ukuvakashela u-Ustyurt uma ufika eKazakhstan. Ebalazweni yendawo ungabona ncamashi lapho ukukhangwa kwemvelo kutholakala khona.