HTTP-unhlokweni: incazelo, imingcele, izici kanye nezincomo

I-inthanethi yesimanje kusekelwe ukuxhumana phakathi iklayenti (isiphequluli) kanye iseva. Ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye, yezifiso ekhethekile Kuye kwasungulwa. Omunye walena uwukuba HTTP, futhi sibonga kuye, abasebenzisi ingaqalisa nge isiphequluli kanye ukubuka kwe-HTML-Amakhasi.

Kuyini i-HTTP-izihloko

HTTP - kungcono indlela HTML-Amakhasi ukwabelana phakathi ama-computers amabili. Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo yasungulwa ngo-1990 futhi okwamanje indlela eyinhloko ukubonisa amakhasi Isidlulisilwazi.

HTTP-izihloko - umugqa loveta amakhompyutha. Lokhu kuyinto okusikhumbuza a inkhulumomphendvulwano emkhatsini abantu. Isiphequluli uma uvula indawo edonsa isicelo, ikunikeza ulwazi olufanele mayelana ngokwabo (ulimi, izwe, ireferensi isisetshenziswa, ikhenela version, nokunye. N.). Konke lokhu kwaziswa uthunyelwa kwiseva, futhi kukhona imele uhlelo oluthile (Apache, Nginx, LiteSpeed nokuningi. N.). Ithi emgqeni wathola futhi kuncike umbuzo yakha impendulo.

Ngokwesibonelo, indoda yanquma ukuvula google.com, ke wethula isixhumanisi ebhokisini lokusesha kanye isiphequluli edonsa isicelo. isiphequluli se-HTTP-unhlokweni kunemibandela kanje:

Umugqa isiqalo	Bonisa google.com
nophenyo	Ngingumfana ezivela eRussia Ngisebenzisa i-Google Chrome Ngidinga i-HTML ikhodi Nginolwazi mayelana umsebenzisi
umzimba HTTP	Ngilindele

Iseva IZINHLELO idatha bese edonsa impendulo:

Umugqa isiqalo	Konke kuhamba kahle, ikhasi kutholakala nemisebenzi
impendulo	Ngisebenza Apache Ikhasi washintsha 27.5.2017 UTF-8 encoding
umzimba womyalezo	Thola ikhasi ikhodi Lolu lwazi olusha kusuka umsebenzisi (login, iphasiwedi)

Umzimba womyalezo idluliselwa HTML amakhasi-ikhodi.

HTTPS Izici

Manje iningi amasayithi kanye maqembu ku HTTP- HTTPS-uxhumano. Umehluko wale mithandazo kuyinto ukubethela ezingeziwe lonke ulwazi ngocansi. Ngaphambi kokuqala exchange iklayenti kudinga SSL-isitifiketi iseva ubuqiniso provverki. Ukuze unjiniyela ayishintshi, futhi ungaqhubeka ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuguqula ikhodi.

Iklayenti ngemuva kokuthola amasheke isitifiketi ke ukuze athole ukuthi ligunyaziwe (eliqhathanisa isitifiketi iseva isitifiketi maphakathi). Uma konke kuhamba kahle, khona-ke uqala i-HTTP-protocol. Ngemva kokuqinisekisa izihloko ziyabethelwa nge-RSA isitifiketi. Manje umhlaseli angakwazi ukweba imininingwane ebalulekile umsebenzisi (igama login, iphasiwedi, nokunye. N.).

Ukubuka i-HTTP-mpendulwano

HTTP-inkhulumomphendvulwano ingabonwa ngokuzimela. Njengoba isisho isetshenziswa ukunciphisa ekhethekile - Usuku, Cookie, Usokhaya, Server, njll Bona HTTP - .. Izihloko angasebenzisa sesiphequluli. Izosiza ku-intanethi.

Ukuhlola i-HTTP-unhlokweni we-plugin esetshenziswa:

• Firebug.
• Phila HTTP Izihloko.
• HTTP izihloko.

Intanethi, sebenzisa:

• Bertal.ru.
• stupid.su.
• Speed-Tester.Info.

Bona Intercept eyatholakala kusukela izihloko iseva uphinde ukubonise ewindini elihlukile. Futhi kusukela ikhasi elilodwa ingatholakala 100-200 iziqu, futhi ingathunyelwa njalo ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola online zokuxhumana nabantu.

HTTP-izihloko zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezine:

• Jikelele (General izihloko) - elisetshenziswa isicelo futhi impendulo;
• ukucela (Isicelo izihloko) - I-isicelo;
• ukuphendula (Impendulo izihloko) - I-izimpendulo;
• Ulwazi mayelana nebhizinisi (Ibhizinisi izihloko) - imibuzo kanye nezimpendulo.

Umugqa kuqale iklayenti

Ukuqala exchange kolwazi, kuqala kwakheka umugqa oyinhloko. Iklayenti elikushoyo ifayela noma into ayidingayo. Ngenxa yale njongo izindlela ezithile zokubhekana ukuze umthetho olandelwayo. Sakhiwo the starting line yakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu:

isicelo indlela	into	protocol
THUMELA	/c840024/upload.php	HTTP / 1.1

Ngemva kwalokho, qiniseka kukhona umugqa futhi Usokhaya ecacisiwe ye-URL ikheli laleli sayithi. Kukhona izindlela ezehlukene yophenyo. Program ngokuvamile zisebenzisa:

• THOLA - isicelo solwazi (impendulo ithunyelwa server isixhumanisi).
• THUMELA - ukuthumela ulwazi kwiseva ngendlela efihliwe (impendulo ayibonakali kwibha yekheli).
• INHLOKO - kuyafana THOLA, kodwa iseva ukubuyiselwa kuphela isihloko.
• BEKA - ukudluliselwa izicelo ezinkulu-URL;

Ngemuva kokuthumela the starting line kulandele wonke amanye izihloko - ejenti Yomsebenzisi, Cookie, njll Ngaphandle yokwelapha eyinhloko akunakwenzeka ukuqala ukushintshisana Imininingwane phezu HTTP ... Izihloko nazo ukwengeza kuphela olandelwayo 1.0 futhi ongenalo komunye.

Ukudluliswa kolwazi kusukela amaklayenti

Emva ukudluliselwa the starting line, iklayenti ithumela idatha yayo ukusingathwa, isibonelo, inguqulo yesiphequluli, futhi yilona limi olwalusetshenziswa. Uma wayefisa, iseva kungenzeka ukuqhubekisela phambili isicelo kanye neminye imininingwane kusuka ikhasimende:

Kuyadingeka (njalo ngocansi) HTTP-isicelo unhlokweni kukhona Usokhaya, Sesha, ejenti Yomsebenzisi futhi Yamukela.

Ngesicelo izihloko ezithinta uhlelo ayikwazi, bona akhiwa lesiphequluli. Lungiselela ukudluliswa zabo kungaba khona uhlelo ukunwetshwa ezengeziwe.

Iseva ye-HTTP-unhlokweni - ephendula izicelo ikhasi

Emva kokuthola izicelo ezivela iklayenti, ikhasi ithumela iseva ezinye izintambo. Ngo php ye-HTTP ukudluliswa - isihloko esetshenziswa unhlokweni () umsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ungabika indawo entsha kwekhasi:

unhlokweni ( 'Indawo: http://www.site.com/').

Kusukela ikhasi iseva idatha iklayenti wathumela ngolwazi oludingekayo. Le ndlela ungakwazi ukufunda imininingwane efunekayo iseva:

Ikakhulu lezi zicelo kudingeka kahle ukubonisa ikhasi kusiphequluli. Zisetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ijubane ukulayisha amakhasi.

sematheni essence

Kukhona iziqu ukuthini lokho isicelo futhi impendulo, isicelo ngasinye bahlanganiswe inhlangano ethile (nekhasi-HTML ikhodi). Ngenxa lezi zicelo isiphequluli elicacisa ulwazi mayelana nekhasi. Basuke ngenkuthalo esetshenziselwa ukulondoloza isikhashana.

Isihloko ethandwa kakhulu kusala a Kugcine-Modified. Lesi sicelo ingase ithunyelwe esusela isiphequluli iseva, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ngalesi isihloko ikhasimende uthola ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba ubuyekeze isilondolozi yayo. Isibonelo inkhulumomphendvulwano :

Client: "Nginezwi eliyimfihlo engingathanda inqolobane 05.16.2016, uma ikhasi ushintshe iseva?"

Iseva: "Yebo, isilondolozi ishintshile 03.19.2017, lapha entsha nguqulo."

iseva impendulo

Phezu kokuthola the starting line kusukela iklayenti, iseva yakha impendulo.

HTTP	Protocol version	isimo Isihloko	ukucaciseleka
HTTP	1.1	200	Kulungile

Uma isimo uxhumano kuqinisekisiwe, iseva ungathumela iklayenti ulwazi oluceliwe.

Isibonelo http-inkhulumomphendvulwano kungabonwa esithombeni ngezansi.

Isicelo yakha uhlelo ekhasini ngokusebenzisa unhlokweni ().

isimo amakhodi

Ukuze uqhubeke ukuxhumana iklayenti idinga ukuba siqiniseke ukuthi konke isebenza ukusingathwa futhi uboniswa ngendlela efanele. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, izimo izimpendulo yasungulwa. Zimelela inombolo enamadijithi amathathu.

isimo Dlulisa, ungaqala nge emakhasini njengoba isihloko, ezifana unhlokweni ( «http / 1.1 200 Ok»).

Amakhasi eligcinwe ngesinye isibukezo

Ukuze umsebenzi usheshe exchange of Amakhasi, ke yasungulwa ukulondoloza isikhashana. Ikhasi lilondolozwe ifomu onomfutho kukhompyutha esitolo sendawo. Manje Izihloko akudingeki ukukhumbula ukuze uthumele amafayela amakhulu. Udinga nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi ukusingathwa kanye ikhasimende uyefana.

Kwakhiwe nombuzo umugqa isilondolozi ekhethekile, ukubamba ngemuva kokuthola unhlokweni kusukela amasheke iklayenti ukubona ukuthi unalo yini isilondolozi ikhasi. Uma kungenjalo, ucela ke kwiseva. Esikhathini esizayo, ngaphambi kokufinyelela isiphequluli in the protocol kuzobalwa kuphela hlola ukuthi isilondolozi alushintshwanga on the server.

Ukuhlola ulwazi emfushane ku efanele, kuvezwa ubuqiniso HTTP izihloko. Iklayenti kuthumela ulwazi ngalokho amafayela endaweni agcinwe kulo, futhi iseva kubonisa version yayo. Uma ukufanisa, isiphequluli umane ubonisa uhlobo lwaso lokubusa inqolobane.

Ukuze SEO-Ukuthuthukisa kudingeke ucacise usuku se-HTTP. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo nowokuGcina-Modified. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cache kungenziwa olusha ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile isitoreji. Ngenxa yale njongo Kuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukulungisa isilondolozi esetshenziswa Cache-Control, ngoba kungaba ukuvumela noma sokungavumeli ukulondoloza ulwazi asuka kukhasi.

Proper isilondolozi isethaphu ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha hambis izinto zabo udaba phezulu izinjini. Algorithms Yandex ne-Google uvakashele ngezikhathi isayithi nokulondoloza imali yayo zomlando wami. Ngemva kwesikhashana bephendukela iseva ukuhlola ukuhlobana isikhathi ulwazi. Uma ulwazi ishintshile, update ifayela kwenzeka ku iseva injini, futhi idatha kabusha kokufakwa ohlwini.

Ezinye ukweluleka ukuze uthumele isihloko idethi yamanje Kugcine-Kushintshwe, benethemba lokuthi ukhona irobhothi ngoba uyobagcina phezulu search sihloko Ukukhishwa. Kodwa kuvela ukuthi algorithm has ukushintsha njalo ulwazi ngaphakathi cache kabusha Inkomba futhi. Akukona njalo nemiphumela emihle futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba lusizi nakakhulu isikhundla sihloko.

On URL-isixhumanisi kubha isiphequluli

Ukuxhumana ukusingathwa wethula umsebenzisi isikhathi ngasinye URL-isixhumanisi esipheqululini sakho. Lokhu iqoqo lezinhlamvusimo has a isakhiwo esiqondile, futhi ulwazi olufanele idluliselwa therethrough. Ukwakheka isixhumanisi inezingxenye ezinhlanu:

• protocol;
• into efiselekayo kanye nekheli layo;
• handling port;
• HTTP yomugqa (ukuthumela GET indlela);
• Umbuzo-ikhodi.

Ngosizo izixhumanisi ungakwazi ukufinyelela hhayi kuphela nohlobo Amakhasi HTTP, PHP, nokunye. N. Ngabo kungenzeka ukucinga yolwazi, noma uthumele ulwazi kwenye ikhompyutha. Le ndlela ngokuvamile kubaduni ukuqhuba SQL-umjovo kanye ezihlukahlukene izindlela ukweba ulwazi kusuka kusayithi egciniwe.

ethile URL yokuntuleka ukwesekwa kweminye amagama - esetshenziswa ikakhulukazi Latin. Ngenxa yalokhu, udinga ukuthi ucabange kahle ngokusebenzisa isihloko esifushanisiwe kwe-athikili ngaphambi ncwadi. Phela, injini isixhumanisi ihlola iwusizo umthombo futhi ulwazi anganikeza ikhasi umsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, ngo-SEO-Ukuthuthukisa kufanele kube ukunakekela okukhethekile ikhokhwe ekwakhekeni URL elungile ngesihloko esithi.