Umqondo algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm. izinhlobo algorithm

Umqondo algorithm kanye algorithm izakhiwo ezinye imiqondo ebaluleke kunazo computer science. Abantu abaningi namuhla, engu-ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, cabanga ukuthi iyini bese uqala kancane kancane ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kokubuka ngokuningiliziwe ku izisekelo computer science, kuyilapho isizukulwane samanje sihamba le nto isivele lesithupha.

Kuyini lokhu?

Uyini umqondo-algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm?

Algorithm - thize yezenzo, okungukuthi, isimiso, kudingeka sibhekane nabo nsuku zonke, ngisho noma singawuboni bangase bangaqapheli ukuthi.

Indoda algorithm

Ngokwesibonelo, uma sicela umuntu evela emalungwini omkhaya wabo ukuthenga okuthile esitolo, sikucela ukulandelana yezenzo, ematheksthi lalandzisa ngaye okusho ukuthi imikhiqizo ethile udinga ukuthenga, kulokho ubuningi nokuthi yini edingekayo ngamunye wabo. Ngakho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, unikezwa ukulandelana ecacile yezenzo, njenge:

1. Buka esitolo ethize.
2. Thola uma okuthengiswa khona isinkwa esimhlophe.
3. Ukuze uthole ukuthi kungaba fresh.
4. Uma izimpendulo zemibuzo 2 no-3 kukhona "yebo", bese kulokhu, wathenga izinkwa ezimbili.

Yiqiniso, kungase kubonakale sengathi inqubo oluphakeme abavamile, futhi incazelo enjalo kuyinto ngempela voluminous. Kodwa eqinisweni, uma kuziwa kulokho umqondo algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm e yesayensi yanamuhla, kunemiyalezo ukuba voluminous okungaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-algorithm ngenhla ingenye elula.

Algorithms ngokwemvelo

Wonke umuntu ukuzixazulula unaphakade lenqwaba imisebenzi ehlukene, babe yinkimbinkimbi ezahlukene, futhi ezinye zazo ilula ukuze ixazululwe ngokuzenzakalela ngokuphelele, ngaphandle ngisho kokuba waqonda njengoba umsebenzi othize. Ngokwesibonelo: ukuvala umnyango ngokhiye, ugeze, sidla ukudla kwasekuseni, ukusebenza sondle imindeni, njalo njalo ..

Kodwa zikhona nezinye izinkinga okuyinto ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kangangokuba ukucabanga eside edingeka ukubhekana nabo, kanye isamba esikhulu umzamo ekuqaleni ukuthola isixazululo, futhi kuphela emva kwalokho ukuze kufinyelelwe lo mgomo. Lezi imisebenzi yilezi: ukuba afunde ulimi, uhola ethile imali, kanye nabanye. Ngamanye amazwi, okwenza imisebenzi efana zidinga izenzo kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi, uma kuqhathaniswa kangakanani badinga ukuqedela umsebenzi "ukuthenga isinkwa", kodwa eqinisweni ngisho imisebenzi elula isixazululekile ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa.

Concept, izinhlobo nezindawo

Ngesimo thize yezenzo lingachazwa inqubo yokuxazulula lenqwaba baba nezinselele abantu nazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, futhi lokhu ukulandelana umelwe computer njengoba nomqondo algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm.

Esinye sezipho ezinhle kakhulu eyaziwayo zonke iyona kangaka okuthiwa algorithm Euclidian, esebenzisa okuyinto kunqunywa isihlukanisi esikhulu esivamile ka integers ezimbili.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ucabangela nomqondo algorithm impahla yayo, akudingeki kuphela ukuqonda kahle izenzo ngokwabo, kodwa futhi iqiniso, kulokho oda ukwenziwa. Ngoba ngokuvamile kukhona izimo ezinjalo uma ukushintsha i-oda zenzo algorithm ekugcineni kungase njengelingafezekiseki ezimweni ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uya esitolo, ekuqaleni algorithm iyafana okulandelayo:

1. Hamba esitolo.
2. Khetha isinkwa.

noma:

1. Khetha isinkwa.
2. Hamba esitolo.

Uma sicabanga algorithm yokugcina, ke isinkwa ekuqaleni abakhethiwe, bese siyaya yini umsebenzi kahle ichazwe esitolo, futhi uma ngempela kudingeka kithi isinkwa engekho, khona-ke esimweni esinjalo siye wakha algorithm ekugcineni izoba njengelingafezekiseki.

izinhlobo

Izinhlobo algorithm zimi kanje:

• Cyclical. Algorithm, lapho isakhiwo eyindilinga likhona, isb ukuphindaphindwa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
• Ukuthuthukiswa. I-algorithm isebenzisa isakhiwo olandelayo, isb izinyathelo ahlelwe elilodwa ngemuva nezinye.
• Ekhelini. I-algorithm, esebenzisa isakhiwo ekhelini, uma isenzo kuyakhethwa kuncike ekutheni isimo esithile wanelisekile.

izakhiwo

I izakhiwo kokulandelayo:

• Determinism. Uma kusethwa idatha efanayo kokuqala eyenziwa algorithm efanayo uqala ngokuphindaphindiwe kokunikezela isignali efanayo.
• IMisa. Uma i-algorithm is yanquma yinoma yimuphi umsebenzi owodwa, kodwa imisebenzi eminingi uhlobo oluthile.
• Ngempumelelo. Ukusebenzisa i-algorithm noma kunjalo kuholela ikhambi yenkinga.
• Leyehlukene. I-algorithm kuhlanganisa izinyathelo, ukuqaliswa okungadingi ukumela kobunzima.
• Zokwenziwa. algorithm Inqubo akukwazi angenamkhawulo noma engaphelele.
• Ngokunemba. Uma kwakheka algorithm ukwenza umsebenzi othize, kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi siphele yi.

Algorithm e computer science

Lapho umuntu ubukeka singene computer isayensi kancane kancane futhi ngeke ucabange ukuthi ngumqondo ye-algorithm kanye izakhiwo zalo, uthola ukuthi i-algorithm kuthintwa nephutha ngomqondo kuyoba kangcono kunalokho imisebenzi, kodwa ukwenza into engalungile. Phela, uma iphutha elikhona, bese khompyutha usitshele ngakho, futhi thina kamuva ukwazile ukuyithola futhi ukukulungisa, futhi uma bug esifanayo esibangela algorithm usebenza ngendlela efanele, kwenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, kuleso simo kungase kubonakale Ngomzuzu wokugcina, kakhulu.

Kulula yini ukwenza kube?

Kubantu abaningi, ukucutshungulwa Imininingwane ibonakala umsebenzi kahle elula, kodwa eqinisweni kungenjalo, ngoba okokuqala udinga ukuthi okungenani baqonde ukuthi bamele nomqondo algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm, futhi abadlali bayo. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana ukulungiswa algorithm esidingeka ukucutshungulwa efanele.

Isibonelo elula imanyuwali yomsebenzisi for a subject ethize. Uma ukwenza akufanele ngokomsebenzi engiwenzayo, umsebenzisi ngeke nje aphule ndaba, njengoba kungaba okungalungile ukuxhaphaza noma angakufundi ukusebenza ke, ingasaphathwa yokuthi kungase kube ukulimala ezithile emzimbeni, uma sikhuluma ekhaya sina ubuchwepheshe.

Abaningi bangathi eqinisweni akukho eziyinkimbinkimbi mayelana ukwenza isitatimende ukuze insimbi siphelile, kodwa empeleni akunjalo, ngoba eqinisweni, iningi labantu, kuba lula kakhulu ukwenza okuthile bebodwa, kanjani ukuba omunye umuntu ukuthi ke kwenziwa.

Ngokwesibonelo, cishe njalo umfundi kalula sebenzisa iselula kanye zonke izici kuwo, futhi kubonakala sengathi ilula kakhulu futhi enembile. Kodwa eqinisweni akulula kanjalo ukuchaza kanjani ukusebenzisa iselula ukuze indoda eyayingakwazi labetibambile ezandleni kule divayisi, njengoba kuyodingeka eziningi imibuzo, futhi yokuthi ngeke ngisho usola. Kuyinto kulesi simo kungaba nzima ukuchaza zonke ngokuhambisana kuyini nomqondo algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm. Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe izenzo Akucaci, futhi abantu ngeke bakwazi ukuhlangabezana nabo njengoba kubalulekile ukusebenza evamile zedivayisi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingadaleka lapho kuphakama?

Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela indlela yokwenza algorithm yetiye yokuphisa nganoma yisiphi irobhothi ukuthi ngokuyisisekelo uyazi lutho, futhi umthombo okuphelele ulwazi mayelana yinkinga kuye - lokhu algorithm. Concept, izinhlobo, izakhiwo - konke esikwaziyo, kodwa kubantu abaningi kakhulu model ngokwengqondo kwe-algorithm icishe kanje:

• Thatha inkomishi.
• Yibeke itiye.
• Thela ushukela.
• Thela amanzi abilayo.
• Govuza.

Kodwa empeleni, algorithm enjalo kungaba cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba enze, njengoba irobhothi kungekho ingqondo, futhi lonke inqubo iqoqo ubuncane ulwazi kuye.

ukunemba isenzo - ngesisekelo algorithm

Into esemqoka ukuqonda, ucabangela nomqondo algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm - ukunemba isenzo, ngoba irobhothi akazi ekuqaleni, lapho kwakufanele bathathe inkezo, futhi yini ngokuqondile udinga ukuthatha, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngisho noma uyothatha it uyigcine ezandleni zakho, ukuze efana akazange abe iqembu ukubeka phezu kwetafula. ke kumelwe manje ukubeka itiye, kodwa waphinda kungenzeka ukwenza izandla zakho, kodwa ungakwazi ngesipuni, uzodinga ukwazi inombolo. Ngakho kukhona inombolo omkhulu nezindaba ezahlukene ukuthi kudingeka zixazululwe at the stage of ukwakhiwa ye-algorithm.

Kuyini lokhu?

Yiqiniso, ucabangela nomqondo algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm, incazelo enembile zingase zimiswe cishe unomphela, kodwa okungcono kulesi simo sasiyofana ukulandelana elandelayo yezenzo:

• Thatha inkomishi ekhabetheni okudweba nombhalo othi "Sebenza."
• Beka inkomishi etafuleni ekhishini phansi phansi.
• Phuma ekamelweni kuya kwesokudla iziqukathi esiqandisini esibhalwe ukuthi "ushukela" futhi "itiye", azembathe etafuleni eduze inkomishi.
• Kusukela ekhabetheni ukuthola isipuni.
• Thela inkomishi eyodwa isipuni egcwele isitsha ngamazwi athi "itiye" bese ezimbili amathisipuni isitsha okudweba nombhalo othi "Sugar".
• Faka itiye.
• Linda kuze kube yilapho ngamathumba iketela ke uthele amanzi kuwo ku indebe lize ugcwele 2/3.
• Isipuni nombala ushukumisa ketshezi isidlo imizuzwana engu-30.

Ngakho, sicabanga nomqondo algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm, owenza isenzo ngasinye, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi kuyoba ukuza ngomsebenzi oku elilungile. Ngisho algorithm ngaphezulu akukwazi ngokuthi ephelele, futhi sihlinzeka ngokuthi irobhothi uyazi izinto eziningi, kodwa ngisho lokhu Ngokwesibonelo, sizwisise ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuba empeleni ukuchaza izinto ezithile acabanga ukuthi sonke siyazi kahle kakhulu kakhulu ebuntwaneni.

Yini odinga ukuyazi?

Okokuqala Kukhona indlela yokwenza i-algorithm, kubalulekile ukuthola ncamashí ukuhlelwa, esesikhundleni izimo lokuqala umsebenzi othize, futhi kufanele wazi ukuthi yini ukuze uthole. Ngu uqobo, algorithm ukulandelana ezilinganiselwe yezenzo kakade ekuxazululeni emsebenzini othize, okuwumphumela ulwazi okuqala yalokho ezithile. Kunoma ikuphi, le igunya ukuthuthukiswa algorithm yezenzo kungokwalabo indoda, futhi bekwi kubulawa lezi zenzo kakade abantu ezahlukene noma zonke izinhlobo amadivaysi, ezifana iziphuphutheki, amarobhothi, amakhompyutha, usule izinto zikagesi eziphezu eziphambili, ngisho ezinye amathoyizi ufunde ukwenza kubo kamuva.

indaba

Al-Khwarizmi - kuyinto umuntu wokuqala kuchazwe nomqondo algorithm kanye izakhiwo algorithm. Grassroots lo mqondo yazuza emva kwesikhathi esithize, uma ithole kunencazelo ebanzi futhi waqala ukunquma iyiphi imithetho eqondile isenzo esithile. Kuze kube manje, lo mqondo ibonwa ngabaningi njengoba omunye imiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu kuyisayensi ezifana computer science, ngaphandle ngalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange.

Sam Al-Khwarizmi wayephila esikhathini BC IX khulu leminyaka, futhi kuyafaneleka yokuthi original Arabhu yokuqala, ezichaza izibalo yakhe imisebenzi iye abalahlekelwe, kodwa kukhona ukuhumusha, ngawo-Western Europe ekugcineni ukujwayelana idesimali uhlelo positional notation, futhi imithetho eyisisekelo enza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene izibalo.

Usosayensi wafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho okuye washayelwa ukuthi kubo, ngamashumi esicacile kunoma yimuphi umuntu ukuba akwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu esikhathini lapho kwakungekho kufanekisa agcwele zezibalo, kwakunzima kakhulu, kodwa usosayensi wakwazi emibhalweni yakhe ekugcineni sifinyelele ecacile ngesikhathi esifanayo esiqinile nemiyalezo yomlomo, owawuthi umfundi wayengakwazi ukugwema imisebenzi eyabelwe, noma yeqa izenzo ezithile .

NesiLatini yemisebenzi usosayensi oveza e ibhuku elilodwa okuthiwa "kusho Algorizmi." Nge kancane kancane abantu azikhohlwa cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo "Algorizmi" umsunguli mithetho, ukuze imithetho waqala ubizwe algorithm. Ngakho, kancane kancane, "esho Algorizmi" washintsha futhi babe "algorithm ofunda."