Floor imishayo: Izinhlobo kanye ukubala

Kanjani ukwakha isakhiwo ongaphakeme liphumele bese ugcine on impahla kanye nezindleko? Khetha ku kophahla ukwakhiwa ugodo. Ziyakwazi ngokuvamile eshibhile, futhi ukulethwa yabo futhi ukufakwa akusho neze ukuthi umsebenzi omkhulu. Floor imishayo enze eningi imisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, benza njengoba ukuqina diaphragm e ovundlile kwesigaba izindlu, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe izikhwepha zayo kanye nokusimama.

joists phansi Ngokhuni

Namuhla nje ithandwa kakhulu ezivamile ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kanye asetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe imithi Uhlaka izindlu. Lapha kukhona eyodwa kuphela esikhulu "kodwa": obuphelele lawo lilinganiselwe, ibanga interfloor ngakho akumele seqe 5 m, ngoba Loft - 6 m Ngokuvamile imishayo ikhiqizwa zezihlahla kanye lezihlahla .. isakhiwo phansi Kayisilutho ngaphandle ugongolo oqondile ngokwakho, esondweni, ukwahlukanisa kanye flooring.

Basement futhi engaphansi ukwakhiwa

Le mfuneko eziyisisekelo ukugqagqana esinjalo amandla okuhle. Kusukela kulokhu ugongolo ayokhonza njengamakhosi base phansi, kufanele-ke ukumelana komthwalo osindayo.

Uma phansi kuqala kukhona egalaji futhi engaphansi omkhulu, kungcono ukwakha phansi oluqinile akuyona ezivundlile zokhuni metal. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imishayo phansi izinkuni bola futhi abakwazi ukumelana imithwalo esindayo njalo. Kungenzeka futhi ukunciphisa ibanga phakathi imigoqo ngokulinganisa.

elisophahleni phansi

Ukwakhiwa isimiso zedivayisi phansi ekamelweni elisophahleni kungaba ezimele noma ukuqhutshekiselwa phambili ophahleni, isb kube isici ophahleni uhlelo. Okuningi okunengqondo samuntu lokuqala, njengoba kuyintando maintainable. Ngaphezu kwalokho, oluqinisekisa ukwahlukanisa sound kangcono. Ukuze wenze lokhu, akhethiwe kanye embondelene imishayo kuhambisana nezimfuneko ezithile. Okokuqala, bonke imishayo yophahla olungaphakathi elisophahleni kufanele kube kuphela kusukela ukhuni omisiwe, okungcono softwood (uphayini, ngesihlahla sonwele larch).

Ngakho ukuthi ayizange ibhidlike, basuke ibekwe ngaphandle at ibanga 1 imitha noma eduze. Eziqine ukugoba ugongolo ubhekwa phansi ekamelweni elisophahleni, okuyinto ine-aspect ratio yesigaba sesi-7: 5.

I ephakeme phansi

Design sici umphumela "ezimbili kwelinye": kulolu hlangothi, joists phansi kukhona joists for phansi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakolunye - a usekelo ophahleni. Ngokuvamile, isikhala esiphakathi kwawo ligcwele ukushisa kanye umsindo impahla ekhethekile nangokuvikela, nokusetshenziswa ongenakugwenywa umusi izithiyo. Umbundu ezansi sebeqedile Gypsum ibhodi, kanti phezulu udonsa floorboard.

Yokuntwela izinkuni emabhilidini beze izinhlobo eziningana, ngayinye yaba kunezinzuzo zako siqu.

Solid izinkuni uvumelanise

Ukuze ukukhiqizwa yabo esetshenziswa okuqinile kuphela izinkuni wokhuni oluqinile. Kuze kube manje, lo onezitezi phansi ku imigoqo efana engalingani zenziwa usebenzisa okhunini oluqinile kuphela at encane span obuphelele (kufika ku 5 amamitha).

Laminated ukhuni imishayo

Lezi joists lokhuni asigcini Ubukhulu oluhlinzekwe u-ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa ivumela ukuba akhiphe nabo ngokwanele eside.

Ngenxa amandla kakhudlwana imishayo laminated asetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kubalulekile ukumelana umthwalo osindayo ku ukweqa.

Buhle ethe njo imishayo:

• amandla okuhle;
• amathuba eside ukugqagqana nezipani;
• kalula yokumiswa;
• isisindo ongaphakeme;
• ukuphila isikhathi eside;
• ayinakho ukusonteka;
• ezinhle ukuphepha umlilo.

Ubude obukhulu bunikezwa ugodo 20 amamitha.

Njengoba joists abanjalo surface bushelelezi, ngokuvamile bavele bangazi thunga phansi, zinjalo ke evulekile, kuhlelembisa egumbini ngempela imfashini design ingaphakathi.

I Ingxenye evundlile imishayo yokhuni

Njengoba kuboniswe, kwesiphambano-ingxenye lezi imishayo kunomthelela sasivumela abalulekile ku ikhono lokubekezelela umthwalo. Ngenxa yalokho, isidingo ukusebenzisa pre-ukubala-ingxenye le nto.

Floor imishayo amakhaya ungaba elingunxande, isikwele noma isiyingi kwesigaba esiphambanweni.

Njengoba imishayo interfloor e izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni ukuze ukuklama ugongolo lingasetshenziswa.

Silindele phansi oluqinile

Ibanga phakathi imishayo yokhuni kunqunywa:

• Okokuqala, kungenzeka imithwalo.

Umthwalo ngokuvamile kube njalo: nenqwaba agqagqene isisindo ngodonga phakathi amakamelo noma isisindo truss uhlelo. Futhi plus - variable: ke ilingana 150 kg / m. (Ngokusho SNP 2.01.07-85 "Imithwalo nomphumela"). Okubizwa ngokuthi imithwalo variable zihlanganisa isisindo ifenisha, yonke imishini, nje izinto emakhaya abantu.

Ngakho indlela iphendule ngenxa yazo zonke imithwalo kungenzeka nzima, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukugqagqana ne-margin le nqaba. Professionals ukweluleka ukwengeza amaphesenti 30-40.

• Okwesibili, rigidity eguqa noma ukubaluleka ejwayelekile.

Ngoba noma yisiphi uhlobo izinto zinqunywa GOST imikhawulo siqu ukuqina. Noma kunjalo, ifomula sokubalwa kuyafana: ngokufaniswa lemali eliphelele kuka okuvela eliningi uvumelanise.

Ukubalwa imishayo phansi

Inqubo yokubala ophahleni lokhuni ngemishayo kunalokho kukhathaza. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile udinga ukukhetha kahle ibanga phakathi kwabo, kufanele futhi ukucacisa kwesigaba engu- ngokwayo kahle. Ngenxa yale njongo, pre-ukubala inani kuka at umthwalo inikezwe elinikeziwe cross-section. Uma ngabe le izinga idlula umkhawulo kuvunyelwe, imishayo ophahleni ethathwe engxenyeni enkulu esiphambanweni.

Njengomthetho, ukubala imishayo yokhuni by le ndlela elandelayo. Nokho, ungasebenzisa futhi eziklanyelwe wokubala ukubala ukugqagqana of izinto ezinikelwe. It ikuvumela ukuba acabangele zonke izici, hhayi uyakuhlupha ukucinga ulwazi futhi ukubala.

Uma imishayo ukubeka ndawonye, isuke umthwalo kabili, futhi esimweni uma ubeka phezu nomunye - ume umthwalo esihamba ngawo ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezine ezinkulu.

Metal joists

Eyesibili ifomu ethandwa kakhulu uphahla ngemishayo - kungcono metal. amathuba abo: zingabantu okuhlala, okuthembekile, abe ukushuba encane, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukonga isikhala. Inkampani yenethiwekhi ingxenye lwezincwadi ezikhishwa - kweqa iphrofayli. Kukhona 3 izinhlobo: engeli, iziteshi nami-imishayo. Encwadini yamathebhu phakathi kwawo usebenzisa ukukhanya ifaka ukhonkolo noma okuthiwa engasindi RC-ipuleti plus konke - panel ngokhuni. Inzuzo main iyona imishayo metal ukuthi yaba ububanzi 4-6 amamitha noma nakakhulu. kusimo wabo ukuthi joists metal ukumelana kakhulu ukugqwala futhi ube ukwahlukanisa esincishisiwe ezishisayo kanye acoustic, Nokho, lokhu kungasiza wawungathi ejwayelekile.

Ukubalwa metal joists

Kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ukubala (ifomula) iwukuba zonke izinhlobo imishayo okufanayo. Usayizi kungenzeka ukumelana iphuzu, ngokuvamile uhlola lwemibhalo ekhethekile noma kubalwa wokubala ekhethekile, imishayo phansi, ke ingatholakala inethiwekhi global ngaphandle kobunzima.

Floor imishayo: Intengo

ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuya okungalungile bathi lolu hlobo lwe lwemishayo kuzobiza kakhulu. Kumele baqonde ukuthi intengo akuyona kuphela ngokuya impahla (isib, ngokhuni noma insimbi kuyinto). Ukwakheka kwabo kuthonywa value abo kanye nomkhiqizi. Izindleko ubuncane ugodo sokhuni ruble 219. ka m / n.