Ezibiyele Rostov: ngezithombe nokubuyekeza. Rostov ezibiyele Cathedrals

Kunzima ukucabanga edolobheni Russian lasendulo ngaphandle ezibiyele yayo. Kuyinto simiso izinqaba ezisemadolobheni nemibhoshongo, izinqaba kanye namasonto. Ubude eRussia ngokuphelele walondoloza 14 kremlins, ezinhlanu zazo elahlanganiswa kwe-World Heritage List. Angaphezu kweshumi nambili izinto ezifana walondoloza yizicucu.

Ikhadi ngokuvakashela of Rostov (akumelwe kudidaniswe emzini Rostov-on-Don) kuyinto ezibiyele Rostov - eliyingqayizivele eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo kuleli Yaroslavl esifundeni, oyingxenye ye-Golden waseRussia Ring. Yilokho ngakho futhi uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Imyuziyemu-reserve "Rostov ezibiyele"

Izithombe Ensemble, okusesihlokweni esithi, ukufanekisa kahle ubuhle kanye nobuhle lokhu lesikhumbuzo. Itholakala endaweni olunothile ogwini Lake uNero. Metropolitan, noma i-Bishops egcekeni - phambilini obuwaziwa ukubizwa ngokuthi Rostov ezibiyele, ngoba, eqinisweni, kwaba yokuhlala Metropolitan of Rostov besifunda-bhishobhi.

The Ensemble yezakhiwo kungokwalabo ezikhumbuzo bokwakha ukuzivikela, nakuba ukwakhiwa Rostov-on-isikhathi lenqaba kwakungasenayo amasu ukubaluleka lempi. Namuhla Rostov ezibiyele - emnyuziyamu ukuthi ungavakashela nsuku zonke kusuka 10 ekuseni kuya ku 17:00. Kodwa ezindongeni avunyelwe phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo kuphela. Ukwamukelwa kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe kubiza ruble 300 abadala futhi ruble 180 - izingane noma impesheni. Abathandi izakhiwo sasendulo okufanele nakanjani vakashela Rostov Kremlin. Izithombe ngezansi kuphela sikhulise zonke yobukhulu lokhu somlando oluvelele!

Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, lo eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo kanye angasahlelwa ngokuthi inkanyezi movie. Ngakho, izilungiselelo tape abadumile namaSoviet "Ivan Vasilyevich Izinguquko Occupation" nje kwaba ezibiyele Rostov.

Umlando eziyinkimbinkimbi

Umlando weNkantolo Metropolitan kuyinto ngempela ezithakazelisayo, band Useke wadlula nezikhathi ezithile ezinzima yomlando wakhe. Rostov ezibiyele esakhiwa ekhulwini XVII iminyaka 14 - kusuka 1670 at 1683. Wakhe ehlelelwe ukuthi uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli kweBhayibheli: maphakathi - ensimini yase-Edene ukuba ichibi, azungezwe izindonga okusezingeni eliphezulu.

umcimbi Okubalulekile futhi singathandeki ngokuba ezibiyele kwenzeka ngo 1787, lapho archdiocese washukumiseleka ukuba Yaroslavl. Ngemva kwalokho, inkantolo Metropolitan e Rostov kancane kancane kuncipha. Sekufikile kuze kube seqophelweni ababhishobhi ayeya balidlulisele ukuhlaziywa. Ngenhlanhla, ekupheleni le eqenjini lomculo XIX leminyaka yezakhiwo ngokwenani elalisetshenziswa abathengisi imali sase siphendukile. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa we sungula lapha emnyuziyamu yezinto zakudala isonto.

Enye page esidabukisayo emlandweni we Rostov ezibiyele senzeka ngo-1953: Izakhiwo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi babaziwa kanjalo ngaleso kabana lapho kunenkanyamba enamandla.

Nayi indlela ezimangelengele futhi olunameva zomlando ophasiswe Rostov Kremlin. Ngenhlanhla, okhokho bethu bakwazi ukusindisa it namuhla. Futhi kakade 2013 Rostov ezibiyele engena "Izimpawu Russia" top ten zokuhlonipha.

Isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi: Cathedral of the Rostov ezibiyele

The Ensemble yezakhiwo is emangalisayo ezihlangene kahle baye emaphandleni ezizungezile, esisogwini lweLake ebabazekayo uNero. Njengengxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zomlando amasonto 6, Samuels umzimba, White futhi Red Chamber, Holy Gates, imibhoshongo nanye kanye nezinye izakhiwo.

Sibala zonke amasonto Rostov ezibiyele:

• Cathedral of kweNyuka;
• Church of the uMsindisi;
• Church of Grigoriya Bogoslova;
• isonto Ioanna Bogoslova;
• isonto Hodegetria;
• Church of the Resurrection (Gate).

isonto Odigitrii

Lena yakamuva ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa nokwakheka Rostov Kremlin. Ithempeli lakhiwa isitayela baraque eMoscow, emkhakheni enyakatho-ntshonalanga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kusukela nezinye emathempelini ezibiyele Church of Odigitria libhekene kokuba emphemeni evulekile esitezi sesibili. Ngaphandle kwezindonga zawo ehlotshiswe nomhlobiso Patterned ukuthi ine umphumela wokunikeza usizo, uma ubheka isakhiwo ekude.

I ingaphakathi lethempeli futhi ikakhulukazi: the Interiors ahlotshiswe cartouches 20 zaveza stucco. Ngesikhathi lapho inkantolo umbhishobhi sika lalibhidlike, yasezindongeni ziye ahlasela ngesihluku. Esebabuyisela kuphela ngo-1912, ngokukhethekile ukuvakashelwa Tsar uNicholas II. Si Umdwebo yesonto olusha ekuqaleni enkulungwaneni yesithathu. Namuhla ibandla Odigitria itholakala kwelinye iminyuziyamu.

Isonto koMsindisi

Ngo-1675 ngaphakathi Rostov ezibiyele ephakanyiswe ethempelini uMsindisi. umehluko Its main kusukela abanye - kuba khona ikhava vosmiskatnogo ekuklanyweni esontweni. Lishaya umhlobiso elingaphakathi lethempeli: Arcade, kusekelwa izinsika eyayibhalwe. izindonga Isonto ahlotshiswe imidwebo amahle, wabulawelwa elifanayo 1675. Ithempeli koMsindisi oNgcwele ubuyekezwe futhi abuyiselwe kabili: okokuqala - ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, kanti eyesibili - ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

I Dome emaphakathi wethempeli lihlotshiswe Umdwebo emangalisayo, ngokuthi "wobaba." Lowo mdwebo eziyinhloko eziyisithupha imiqulu esingokwesiprofetho nemengamo ehlotshisiwe izenzakalo main iVangeli. Phezu kodonga entshonalanga ethempelini ibonisa 'Ukwahlulelwa kokugcina ", futhi ngakolunye iyona iconostasis.

Church of Grigoriya Bogoslova

Lokhu ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo kule 1670s phezu kwesisekelo Grigoriev sezindela esasikhona kule ndawo phambi. Ngeshwa, ingaphakathi okuqala esonto bashiswa phansi umlilo 1730. Ngemva ke isonto ingaphakathi Gregory Bogoslova ibuyekeziwe, ikakhulukazi besebenzisa stucco.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX esontweni kwaba ifakwe iconostasis elisha, elabizwa ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso emihle ebaziwe enhle eyayibhalwe.

Church of Ioanna Bogoslova

Lamathempeli lokugcina Rostov ezibiyele, elakhiwa ngo-1683. Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi lelibandla is zihlukaniswa ubuhle bayo kuqhathaniswa namanye amasonto eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo. I mbumbulu kukhona ezihlotshiswe kahle futhi elinesimo amafomu Akumangalisi obunobunye. Ithempeli esiye sabhekana nazo izenzakalo eziningana edabukisayo: imililo ezimbili (e 1730 kanye 1758) lilimele kakhulu, futhi ngo-1831 walahlekelwa ophahleni ngenxa umoya onamandla. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX it is sina wahlanganyela ekubuyiseleni lo isakhiwo. Nokho, kakade 1953 Rostov-ke kwadingeka kunenkanyamba enamandla, okwakukhona phakathi kwabamaSonto Ioanna Bogoslova waphinda ahlasela ngesihluku. Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke vicissitudes wokuphila, isonto wakwazi ukusindisa futhi ukuletha inzalo.

Gateway Church of the Resurrection

Ngo-1670 yayakhiwe phezu Insimu Rostov ezibiyele futhi Church of the Resurrection. Itholakala ngenhla esangweni, ku engaphansi okusezingeni eliphezulu. mbumbulu Bamabandla nzima ngesango eliphahlwe imibhoshongo elingunxande, iziphi kancane athé indiza odongeni.

Assumption Cathedral kanye belfry yayo

Dormition Cathedral of the Rostov ezibiyele - main omkhulukazi isakhiwo Ensemble. Yakhiwa eminyakeni 1508-1512 endaweni lapho ngaphambili owayengenalusizo ababengaphambi kwakhe. Ithempeli kakhulu okusikhumbuza kweNyuka Cathedral eMoscow ngo bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo: ezinhlanu oluyingungu, elalihlotshiswe in a amafomu alula kodwa esihle. It is ezakhiwe ngezitini bese itshe elimhlophe, ukuphakama Imininingwane lombhishobhi elingamamitha angu-60.

Assumption Cathedral lihlotshiswe ezihlukahlukene izakhi zokuhlobisa: panel, amabhande wagxila ovundlile. Ngenxa yalokhu ithempeli elihle kakhulu futhi ekhululekile ngisho ngekhulu xxi, kubukeka elikhulu.

Eduze kukhona umbhoshongo isikhencezo kweNyuka Cathedral, elakhiwa kamuva kakhulu, ekupheleni kwekhulu XVII. izahluko wakhe ukuthweswa umqhele ezine. Metropolitan uJona ngaphambilini salokhu belfry waphonsa 13 izinsimbi ezinkulu, ngamunye okwakubekelwa anikwa iphimbo lakhe. Ngokuvamile, izinsimbi bayakwazi ukukhiqiza chime obunobunye futhi ajabulisayo. Kuze kube manje, ngasinda 15 izinsimbi phezu belfry we Dormition Cathedral of the Rostov Kremlin.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngo-1991, Dormition Cathedral kanye belfry yayo babebuyela Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.

izinsimbi

Nezikhencezo Rostov ezibiyele ifanelwe isizathu esikhethekile sokuba kukhulunywe. Eyokuqala - enkantolo Episcopal e Rostov - waphonswa e 1682. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "I Swan" futhi esingamakhilogremu 500 kuphela (uma kuqhathaniswa ne kamuva izinsimbi we ezibiyele kwaba isisindo encane). ngonyaka kamuva waphonswa okulandelayo - "polyeleos", isisindo esesikhundleni 1000 amakhilogremu. Laba bobabili izinsimbi - nomsebenzi wezandla okuyinhloko - Filippa Andreeva.

(! Ukucabangisisa Ngethuba Lokungenela 2000 amakhilogremu) insimbi kunazo zonke kwezingu-Rostov ezibiyele, waphonsa okuyinhloko ezahlukene - Flor Terentyev e 1688. omunye ithebhu kuphela esingamakhilogremu angaphezu kuka ton, ngakho idwala-ke kwadingeka amadoda amabili eqinile. Nokho, ubuhle umsindo, ngokusho kongoti, ke, akekho noyedwa olingana e Rostov.

Enye insimbi enkulu - "Golodar" - esingamakhilogremu 172 amakhilogremu. It wasetshenziselwa kuphela inkathi yokuHlawula. Zonke ezinye nezikhencezo Rostov ezibiyele - incane, enesisindo esingaphansi 30 amakhilogremu. Cishe zonke zazilokubunjwa ekhulwini XVII, izazi-mlando zithi.

Rostov ezibiyele Izinsimbi abe ukukhala esiyingqayizivele, ubuhle bazo ngesikhathi esisodwa bajabula Berlioz futhi Chaliapin. Njengoba sekunama-amandla Soviet zonke izinsimbi zesonto yayivinjelwe. A insimbi Rostov ezibiyele nazo zonke kuhlelwe ukubhubhisa. yena oyinkosi yokusindiswa kwabo, babophekile A. V Lunacharskomu, owabe kwenzakala umsebenzi wamandla Rostov bese ugcine lezi izikhumbuzo elingenakuqhathaniswa.

isiphetho

Rostov ezibiyele - isikhumbuzo grand yomlando kanye izakhiwo. Lona omunye ensembles ebaluleke kakhulu kuleli zwe, ngonyaka edonsela kuze kube izivakashi 200,000. I ezibiyele e Rostov - akuyona nje izakhiwo eliyingqayizivele futhi amasonto amahle. Isibhakabhaka Amazing futhi ekhangayo futhi yena evundile ngokumangalisayo esikhona endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi.