Ezemidlalo Summer Olympics. Modern iMidlalo Yama-Olympic - ezemidlalo

Resumption of Yama-Olympic Yasehlobo Imidlalo senzeka ngo-1896. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uhlu kuhlanganisa amagama ezifana nemidlalo yama-Olympic njengendlela yokuzijwayeza, karate, amanzi ezemidlalo, ihhashi ogibele, emhlabeni, ithenisi, ithimba imidlalo. Sekukonke, le nhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi i-Olympic Yasehlobo kuhlanganisa mayelana 40 izinhlobo kwezemidlalo, kodwa isinqumo ekugcineni 12 babo athola we-International iKomiti-Olympic. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuveza isibalo 28 - yilokho indlela ihlobo ezemidlalo-Olympic ohlwini okwamanje.

badminton

Lona mhlawumbe omunye yezemidlalo ethandwa kakhulu. kudabuka kwakhe - South-East Asia. Eyokuqala ehlobo Olympics badminto kufakwe ohlwini yayo 1972. Imashi ukusebenza okwenzeka eMunich. Ngokusemthethweni, lo mdlalo langena hlelo-Olympic emva kweminyaka 20 Barcelona. Kusukela ngo-1996, i-play 5 amasethi imiklomelo: siqu kanye guys besilisa izigaba besifazane, kanye kabili exubile. -Singles - kuyinto abahlanganyeli 36 pair - 32 kanye okuxubile - 16. Owinile nguye kuqala ukudayela amaphuzu 30 (lapho isikolo 29:29) noma 22 (e-score 20:20). Vele ukufanisa 3 imidlalo, winner kumele bawine 2.

basketball

Kuma-Olympic Asehlobo Ezemidlalo zihlanganisa zabesilisa (1936) kanye zabesifazane (1976) i-basketball. Kunakwa-Olympic basketball mqhudelwano, yaphawula ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza steel ukuvumela NBA abadlali. Lo mqhudelwano-Olympic abathintekayo amaqembu 12, lahlukaniswa laba amaqembu 2. Esikhathini-quarter finals kowe aphume 4 amaqembu ukuthi kuyaqedwa ngo ukuzithumela kwezinye izindawo nokufa uhlelo.

baseball

Lo mdlalo iqembu lokuqala yaqala ukuvela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 e-United States, kodwa ehlobo yokuqala Olympics kuhlanganisiwe ke ohlwini lwabo 1992 kuphela. Umgomo we amaqembu (kunezinhlobo ezimbili) kuyinto iqoqo amaphuzu. Lo mdlalo isebenzisa ibhola kanye nelulwane. Omunye umdlali Ufaka ibhola, kanti eyesibili beats yakhe. Uma Batter uphatha ukusebenzisa round wonke elisekela zitholakala ezisemagumbini zasendle, iqembu yahamba iphuzu.

isibhakela

Ohlwini ezemidlalo-Olympic ngo-1904 yayihlanganisa isibhakela zabantu, futhi ngo-2012 waklonyeliswa lolu dumo nowesifazane. Kuze kube manje, lezi zindondo odlalwa phakathi okwakwenza abashayi-sibhakela e 11 izigaba isisindo. Kuze kuphele isikhathi iMidlalo Yama-Olympic abaningi kakhulu izindondo wathola okwakwenza abashayi-sibhakela kusuka e-United States (48), Cuba (32) neRussia (20).

ukulwa

YamaGreki namaRoma wrestling unezela ezemidlalo iMidlalo Yama-Olympic kusukela imvuselelo yabo ngo-1896, kwakungeyona into ohlwini kuphela ngo-1900. Lezi imincintiswano ziqhutshwa kuphela phakathi kwabantu. Abasubathi zabiwa ngezigaba eziyisikhombisa isisindo. Isici yokulwa ukuvinjelwa engalibaleki ngezansi ibhande, liyehlisa nezinyathelo. Zonke senzo sekwenziwa ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali kanye esifubeni. Njengoba ama-Olympics 1904 ehlobo kuhlanganisa wrestling freestyle, esangenza ezithothene, baxhuma nezinye reception. Kusukela ngo-2004, lezi imincintiswano iqhaza futhi abesifazane. Vele ukubambana freestyle ukukhiqiza 11 amasethi izindondo: 4 izigaba isisindo kwabesifazane 7 - I-amadoda.

ngebhayisikili

Cycling Ezemidlalo Summer Olympics - ithrekhi ngebhayisikili, veloshosse, BMX kanye mountain ngebhayisikili. Cycling ithrekhi yaqale kufakwe ohlelweni ngo-1896, futhi uvele okwesibili kuphela 1912 imincintiswano lwabesifazane yayiqhutshelwa okokuqala ngo-1988. Cycle ithrekhi kuhlanganisa ukuphishekela ngazinye, Sprint, Madison namaphuzu uhlanga.

• -Olympic Sprint - 3 umuntu amaqembu iqhaza ibanga 750 metres, lapho amawashi kuphela wokugcina 200 amamitha.
• Ukuphishekela - ibanga zabesilisa - 4 km, abesifazane - 3 km.
• ukhomba uhlanga - ibanga zabesilisa - 40 km, abesifazane - 25 km.
• Madison - ithimba kuphela besilisa (2 abantu) Umncintiswano km 60.
• Keirin - Race 5 ½ emathangeni we m 250.

Veloshosse - a abesifazane eqenjini (120 km) noma owesilisa (239 km) uhlanga oqala isiqalo mass. Amalungu ethimba Unelungelo basizane ngokuya ukulungisa. Emncintiswaneni ngamunye, izimbangi uqale ngezikhathi imizuzwana 90 futhi ngeke sikwazi ukukusiza nabanye abasubathi. BMX yaqale kufakwe 2008 uhlu iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ngonyaka. Abahlanganyeli usebenzisa emabhayisikili beshesha, uwele ndawo, embozwe nezihlahla.

i-polo yamanzi

polo yamanzi zabesilisa ingenye yezemidlalo unomphela. Ngakho, imincintiswano yokuqala yayiqhutshelwa ngisho kuma-Olympics njengoba 1900, kodwa amaqembu labesifazane yazihlanganisa kusukela 2000 kuphela.

Ngo ukufana amabili amaqembu ayisikhombisa-umuntu iqhaza (nge unozinti), kanye ebhentshini kuyinto abadlali abayisithupha. Lo mdlalo siqukethe izinkathi emine imizuzu eziyisishiyagalombili.

volleyball

Ngokokuqala ngqá e-Olympics Volleyball lalibukeka ngayo 1924 njengenhlangano show kuyajabulisa. Kodwa ohlelweni lwakhe kufakwe 1964. Emacembu lamabili abantu 6 ukudlala 3 imidlalo amaphuzu 25. Igebe kufanele okungenani 2 amaphuzu, kungenjalo party kubhekwa akuphelele. Tie-Break (batch 5th) udlalwa kuya ku-15 amaphuzu. Lo mdlalo inikeza sokuvala lobuchwepheshe imizuzwana 60 futhi ezengeziwe ngemizuzwana emibili 30.

Volleyball yasolwandle liyingxenye yesimanje Imidlalo yama-Olympic. Ezemidlalo kuhluke indawo (igama liyazikhulumela) nemibandela ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, iqembu babonwa iwine uma kukhona 15 amaphuzu noma iqembu.

handball

Ibhola - umdlalo iqembu, futhi kokubili iduna nensikazi. Yena seziqalile ukusetshenziswa wakhe eMidlalweni Yama-Olympic ngo-1936. Lo mdlalo siqukethe ezimbili imidlalo engu-30. Ubude ikhefu - 10 imizuzu. Ithimba kunabantu 14 (7 enkundleni futhi 7 ebhentshini).

yokuzijwayeza

Ezemidlalo yokuzijwayeza - Ezemidlalo Summer Olympic Games, eyabonakala ohlwini kusukela imvuselelo mncintiswano. Ngo-1896 yena wenza ezemidlalo yokuzijwayeza DEBUT yakhe zabesilisa, ngo-1928 - wentombazane. Okwamanje, phakathi abasubathi zenzeka izindondo ithimba iqhaza futhi ngabanye zonke-emhlabeni, kanye nokubuya ngalinye ngokuhlukile. bomzimba yobuciko okokuqala waba nengxenye mncintiswano ngo-1984. Yini owayijabulela abalandeli Olympics? yokuzijwayeza Rhythmic laziwa kabanzi ngenxa pirouettes emangalisayo.

ukugwedla

Yiziphi ezemidlalo-Olympic elihlobene ne ukugwedla? Uhlu kuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuzikhandla jika (lapho abasubathi zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili, ngayinye nomunye o gavriliuk ir kvitka ukugwedla) kanye ikamelo umusi (ngamunye owayekhona ngezigwedlo ezimbili). Uhlanga senzeka ngendlela eqondile ithrekhi ubude 2000 m.
• Ukuzikhandla futhi Canoeing kwabesilisa nabesifazane at amabanga ezahlukene ibalula, behamba ngababili noma okuhamba ngezine.
• Slalom - yemijaho enkundleni ukugeleza okusheshayo ngesango ekhethekile.

judo

Judo kungokwalabo omunye karate ethandwa kakhulu. Kuyinto ohlwini kwezemidlalo-Olympic kusukela ngo-1964. Imincintiswano kwabesifazane abangu lokuqala olwenziwa ngo-1992. Injongo eyinhloko abahlanganyeli - ukugcina ukulinganisela futhi wenze isitha nokujikijela.

ezemidlalo Equestrian

Lokhu isiyalo "ahlukile", ke likhona iMidlalo Yama-Olympic kusukela 1900. Izinhlobonhlobo mncintiswano kulo mdlalo njalo siguqula, kodwa okwamanje izindondo unikezwe for iqhaza ngabanye kanye nethimba embukisweni ukweqa, Awe-Eventing uphinde uphume.

ithrekhi futhi ensimini

Omunye ezemidlalo yakhula kakhulu kubhekwa athletics. Olympics inikeza amaningi njengoba 47 amasethi izindondo. Izinhlobo athletics imincintiswano ihlukaniswa on the indawo:

• On ithrekhi athletics.
• Ngaphakathi Athletics core.
• Ngaphandle kwale nkundla.

ngomkhumbi

Lo mdlalo iphathelene omunye esinzima kunazo amasu ukuqaliswa. Ukuze iqhaza emncintiswaneni sihlinzekela 11 amasethi izindondo. Okwamanje, i-esikhundleni the ubudala izitsha zakudala weza zanamuhla njalo.

ukubhukuda

Ukubhukuda kwahlanganiswa iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ngo-1912. Imincintiswano kulo mdlalo abazenzi ngezigaba eziningana. Kukhona izinhlobo ezilandelayo: freestyle, backstroke, uvemvane, Medley edluliselwe uhlanga.

Diving

Lolu hlobo amanzi ezemidlalo ezihilela bagxume besuka emazwini umbhoshongo noma zithuthukisa (sise eziphakeme ezahlukene). Ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-1904 i-Olympic Games abangu emelelwa kuzuba olulodwa, futhi ngo-2000 - undiza.

Jumping on a trampoline

Afakwe ezemidlalo-Olympic kusukela 2000, essence yabo ukwenza umzimba ezintathu izakhi eziyishumi. Namhlanje ngo-Olympics kudlalwa iqoqo izindondo owesilisa nowesifazane.

ukubhukuda ezivumelanisiwe

ukubhukuda ezivumelanisiwe ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi ingenye yezemidlalo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Isisekelo sakhe - ukugcwaliseka ezakheke ehlukahlukene emanzini umculo. Amanzi ballet (ekuqaleni lo mdlalo ubizwa ngokuthi ngakho) wangenela in 1984 njengoba ukusebenza olulodwa futhi pair. Awokubhukuda - siku ezemidlalo zesifazane, ehlanganisa izinhlelo lobuchwepheshe kanye eside.

Modern Pentathlon

Modern Pentathlon ihlanganisa ezemidlalo-Olympic ezilandelayo (abasubathi ukuncintisana isithombe ungabona esihlokweni): sokudubula, uthango, ukubhukuda, ogibele ihhashi, ukugijima. Pentathlon Okokuqala wethulwa ngo-1912, ekuqaleni zenzeka izindondo ngoba amadoda kuphela. Kusukela ngo-1996, abesifazane zihilelekile kulo lolu hlobo mncintiswano.

ukudubula

Ukuze hit ilitshe usebenzisa izibhamu emoyeni ngezibhamu. Lo mdlalo kufakwe iMidlalo Yama-Olympic kusukela 1896. Ukuqhudelana kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Kuze kube manje, ihlukaniswe ngokuthi adubule inhlamvu futhi poster. Eyokuqala wenziwe umlilo (ibanga-25 no-50 metres) futhi emoyeni (10 amamitha) izikhali. Abesilisa ukwenza 60 isibhamu, abesifazane - at izikhundla ezahlukene 40 nazo enikeziwe: othambekele, amile futhi siguqa. Imincintiswano e ubumba ijuba sokudubula zenzeka evulekile sokudubula amabanga. Isetshenziselwa bushelelezi-wazalela isikhali ukuwela flying esosweni-target. Imincintiswano zihlanganisa yisicupho Skeet nokubamba double.

clout

Kwakuvamise izikhali ezimbili - block kanye nesakhiwo umnsalo. Izimbangi faka target umile ne ibanga kwamamitha 70. Ngokokuqala ngqá lo mdlalo kwahlanganiswa iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ngo-1900. Umncintiswano yahanjelwa kokubili amadoda nabesifazane, kanye inikeza ithimba kanye sigameko ngabanye.

ithenisi

Kuze kube manje, Olympics wahlanganisa nalokho okwakufuneka ithenisi esikhulu etafuleni. Okokuqala wangenela in 1896, yayibizwa zisuswe, futhi ngo-1988 isinqumo we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze kabusha afakwe ohlwini ezemidlalo-Olympic. Ithenisi yetafula elisuka kwekhulu le-19, kodwa Olympics wayengumuntu kuphela ngo-1988. Imincintiswano zamadoda nabesifazane onengxenye. Enqoba impi obutha amaphuzu iningi. Imincintiswano aqukethe amaqembu ayisikhombisa, ngasinye sazo kushintshwe amaphuzu 11.

Triathlon

Lena ngenye yama-izinhlobo ezinzima kunazo zonke imincintiswano. Kuhlanganisa ukubhukuda, okujikeleza ukugijima. Imikhondo kwabesilisa nabesifazane ziyafana, zonke izinhlanga ezenzeka ngosuku olufanayo. Abesifazane uzoqala ekuqaleni kuka amadoda: ngenkathi isebenza - imizuzu engu-30, ngo-ngamabhayisikili - imizuzu 60 ngenkathi ubhukuda - 20 imizuzu.

Taekwondo

Omunye osemusha (kusukela ngo-2000), kodwa umdlalo okuqhubekayo kufakwe Imidlalo yama-Olympic. Phakathi Umncintiswano esikalini nje kuphela ikhono alondoloze abantu belwa nabo kodwa futhi izinto ezihamba ingalo nomlenze e gxuma. Izitho zomzimba amakhanda iqhaza avikelekile. Phakathi sparring uvinjelwe amagalelo ongaphakeme. Ophumelele yilona Umdlali amaphuzu ngaphezulu amasu.

weightlifting

Ngo-1896, uhlu amandla ezemidlalo ungeze weightlifting. Ingqikithi yalo mncintiswano iwukuba izinsimbi. Jerk futhi esishaqisayo - lena izisekelo bokukhulisa bar. Yilelo nalelo lungu inelungelo imizamo ezintathu. Ukuguga isisindo siyingxenye ye Biathlon. Kusukela 2000 mncintiswano abathintekayo nabesifazane. Ngoba abantu, kukhona 8 izigaba isisindo abesifazane - 7.

uthango

Uthango usebenza kuphela umdlalo ngamunye. Emidlalweni yama-Olympic kusukela 1924. Ukuncintisana besilisa nabesifazane. Izikhali imincintiswano kungaba ucwecwe, saber futhi epee. Fight ngokwayo ligcinwe ububanzi ithrekhi 2 metres uphinde uthele kancane 14 metres ubude, eyenziwe i material kagesi conductive. Ekunikezelweni amaphuzu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Saber - umjovo kanye buhlungu, njengoba nje kuphela ukugwaza, kodwa wangiklwebha izikhali.
• Rapier - imijovo eyenziwe yingasiphi umzimba, ngaphandle kwasemqaleni.
• Epee - yimuphi shot umonakalo.

Phakathi abhekene necala epee abalwa kanyekanye ezikuhlabayo. Futhi uma usebenzisa inkemba iDemo - nje sizizwise ngesikhathi ehlaselwa.

football

Yini ejabulisa amadoda Olympics? Ibhola - mhlawumbe nje umdlalo yokuthi amabutho ukubuthana izikrini, izigidi abafana. Ngo-1996 futhi lezinyawo zabesifazane, ke ingezwe. Ekuqaleni iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ka-amakilabhu professional zavalwa iqhaza emncintiswaneni. Njengoba sekuzoqala ehola lebhola ekhulwini lama-20 kwaba eqenjini lesizwe-United Kingdom. It wayengadlali ezathatha imiklomelo amageyimu ambalwa ilandelana. Wayemelela Great Britain amateur England. Ngo ngezithako zawo, Isimanga siwukuthi, abadlali babe ochwepheshe. 1932 kwaphawulwa yokuthi ibhola ngaphandle ngesikhathi uhlu kwezemidlalo-Olympic. Izizathu zalokhu babengamakhulu amabili. Umcabango wokuqala ukuthi ibhola ungakujabulisi izakhamizi US (futhi Olympics ngo-1932 kuhlelwe khona). Okwesibili, i-FIFA umfelandawonye wayengafuni ukwenza lo mdlalo ethembisa kwaba emthunzini izenzo edumile emhlabeni efana Olympics.

Ibhola wabuyiselwa ohlwini ngo-1936. Ngenxa yokuthi abadlali kuzuza okusezingeni eliphezulu ezingeni professional angabacwasi ngokushesha, FIFA bavunyelwe iqhaza Olympics ukuze abadlali professional. Ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa labo akazange iqhaza Championships emhlabeni kuphela. Ngo-1992, waba umkhawulo yobudala: lichaza ekwakheni iqembu akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-3 abadlali abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-engu-23 ubudala.

Hockey

Lokhu hybrid football kanye hockey. Umncintiswano abathintekayo amaqembu amabili-16 umuntu. Game - ezimbili neengcezu imizuzu-35 nge break ephakathi kwabo kwemizuzu engu-10. Ngaphambi 1980, lo mncintiswano ubuhanjelwe kuphela abantu, kodwa manje kukhona amaqembu abesifazane.