Ezemfundo eRussia

Indatshana ngesihloko: "Inkinga yokuthi imfundo eRussia lanamuhla."

Imfundo - a okunenjongo umsebenzi engqondweni yethu wabantu ku yokufuna ulwazi noma amakhono ngcono kubo. In amazwi edumile umbhali French Denis Diderot: "Imfundo inika umuntu isithunzi, lenceku iqaphela ukuthi engazalwanga ubugqila." Ezemfundo ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwebantfu. Intelligence, yilokho elisihlukanisela kwezinye izidalwa, ikhono ukuhlaziya futhi sifinyelele eziphethweni, buthelela ulwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nezwe. Ukuthola okungaziwa nokwakha hhayi engase icatshangwe, ngokuvamile kwenza beat inhliziyo ngaphambi kokutholakala imithetho emisha yesayensi, okwenza ukuphila kwethu kujabulise kakhulu futhi kuyajabulisa. Kusenza sikwazi ukuzwa ukuthi ukubaleka emsebenzini nsuku zonke futhi shí kolwandle sifunda izinto ezintsha futhi ukuhlola. In amazwi isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki u-Mark Tuly Cicero: "Ukuze siphile - izindlela ukuba akucabange." Ngaphandle ukucabanga ngokwengqondo umuntu - lena isilwane ongenawo umphefumulo; ukuphila ngezindinganiso imithetho yemvelo, eqondiswa izifiso, imizwelo engokwemvelo futhi elisheshayo. Thuka nalo lonke ulwazi, izincwadi zesayensi izincwadi amakhulu eminyaka ukudala abathanda abakholelwa amandla esingapheliyo azani futhi lowo esikhathini esizayo emhlabeni ngeke beka iziwula futhi blockheads; lahlwa umusa ukushabalala mass, njengoba kwakuke izibankwakazi saphela. Kodwa ukufa ngeke eze intando kaNkulunkulu, kodwa nge ubulima uhlanga lwesintu.

Phakathi nokubusa koMbusi Nicholas lemakhono ekukwati kufundza nekubhala sabantu eMbusweni Russian yesibili uphansi impela ezweni ukuthi sekuyisikhathi eside egeleza esikhatsini ezimbonini. Kusukela ekudalweni wase-USSR futhi inguquko ka-1917, imfundo wanikezwa igunya, njengoba ukwakhiwa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, ubukhomanisi, udinga labantu smart futhi wafundiswa. Njengoba V I. Lenin wathi: "... esikoleni sethu ukunikeza intsha eziyisisekelo ulwazi, ikhono ukukhiqiza ukubukwa lamaKhomanisi ngokwayo kumelwe wenze abantu abafundile. Kufanele kube, kodwa nje abantu esifundweni sakhe, ngibenze abahlanganyeli emzabalazweni Ukukhululwa kusukela nokuxhaphaza abasebenzi. Isinyathelo sokuqala iziphathimandla - ukudala ikhomishane ulwe okungabi nalwazi eRussia. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya: ukwakhiwa lolimi esikoleni futhi ubuso amaphuzu lapho abaqeqeshiwe abantu abangakwazi ukufunda futhi ephuma kabili nokubhala babo bonke ubudala amakilasi social; ukusungulwa izifundo ezikhethekile ayimpoqo othisha, kwakwenziwa kanye ngonyaka. Phela, ukudala isimo esinamandla kwezomnotho, zezombangazwe, zezenhlalo ezakhiwa ngaphandle ukugijima imisiwe kohlelo lwezemfundo, kumane nje akunakwenzeka. Ekwindla ka-1923, it wadalwa umphakathi yokuzithandela Zonke-Russian "Phansi nge Ukungafundwa". Inkinga eyinhloko, elalihlanganyela isimo, sasinjani isimo ne okuthiwa emgwaqweni izingane abaye balahlekelwa umkhaya futhi kwadingeka endaweni yakhe yokuhlala. Inkinga yaxazululeka ngokwakha ekomidini, anikezelwe ekuthuthukiseni izimpilo zezingane nokubhala yabo. Kakade ngawo-1935 ukuswela amakhaya kwabantu abaningi sekuqediwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izwe umboze imfundo imfiva. Abantu badonsekela ulwazi, ikakhulukazi kusukela izwe yadalwa zonke izimo ezinhle futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izinga lemfundo. Nakuba endaweni isimo sethu esebenza lenqwaba ezikoleni sokufundela, amakolishi kanye amanyuvesi. Ngokusho inani labafundi kakhulu aphakeme kakhulu neSoviet Union, emazweni anjenge-UK, eJalimane, eFrance, Japan. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka, olwenziwa ngo-1959, inani labantu wabonisa singalazi phakathi nabantu bakuleli zwe liye iqedwe cishe ngokuphelele. Ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa isayensi, futhi nalo, le mboni kanye umnotho, ngenkathi ekhula ngayo amandla ezempi nokuqashelwa zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa enkundleni ngamazwe. Kwakuphakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet babaziwa amagama anjalo kanye namagama afana Landau P. A. Tamm, IE, Kapitsa A. N., Semenov N. N., Keldysh M. V, Tupolev AN, Korolyov Kusukela . P., Kurchatov IV, ngubani yaphumelela kakhulu emkhakheni physics, chemistry, izibalo zezindiza kanye ukukhiqizwa rocket. eqa okunjalo enkulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi, ukuvumele Russia izakhe njengoba izwe abafundile kakhulu emhlabeni. Isihluthulelo lokhu impumelelo kwaba 1977 umthethosisekelo, enshrining ilungelo lezakhamuzi zase-USSR ukuze ukhulule imfundo kuwo wonke amazinga ukusuka eyinhloko ephakeme.

A isinyathelo esikhulu emuva wenza uhlelo emkhakheni wezemfundo, emva ukusayinwa kwesivumelwano Bialowieza Yeltsin ngo-1991. Uma ngezikhathi Soviet, embusweni wethu elichumayo phakathi kwamazwe ayishumi abafunde kakhulu emhlabeni, manje kwi 71 indawo, eduze Saint Lucia, Albania naseMakedoniya. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, namuhla imfundo yethu kudlula iminyaka kanzima. Ingabe izinkinga eziningi kakhulu ukuthi angeke ixazululwe yesimanje uhulumeni ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala izinga eRussia leyo minyaka 9 no-49 is 99,8%, ephakeme kunaleyo e-United States nelase-United Kingdom. Kodwa eqinisweni, ngokujulile bajwayelane labantu Russian abone ukungathembeki kwezibalo. Leli zwe intsha kwezigidi ezimbili kuphela abakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, babo 700 000 ayizintandane, kanti bonke abanye baphile nangaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. Basebaningi abantu abangakwazi ukufunda njalo ngonyaka kuba obudlangile landa ngamaphesenti 8-10%. Inani elikhulu baseRussia akholelwa ukuthi kuwumthetho ezibizayo manje. Zonke ngenxa yokuthi isimo sizokwabela imali encane kakhulu uya ilungiselelo sangaphandle izakhiwo esikoleni, ngakho abazali abafuni izingane zabo zifunde abasemakilasini ezingcolile futhi ugly, ngaleyo ndlela kwenza eziningi iminikelo esivuna izidingo esikoleni. Futhi kule inzuzo imfundo, wenza imfundo Russian secondary futhi ephakeme njengoba omunye ezibizayo kakhulu emhlabeni. Enye inkinga ebalulekile yizinga eliphansi zokuqeqeshwa kothisha. Abaningi babo abazi kanjani ukuthola efanele umfundi, awukwazi ube nentshisekelo kuncike yayo, yingakho ngokuvamile ezikoleni izimo ukungqubuzana; amakhono Pedagogical iyivelakancane. Akukho ukuqashelwa international amazinga Russian lemfundo yesibili, ngakho-ke, abathweswe iziqu ezikoleni zethu zasekhaya angeke ngqo emanyuvesi angaphandle. imfundo yethu isibe zokungakwazi kakhulu, asikwazi ukunikeza amandla bomdabu abantu abahlakaniphile futhi elifundile. Ngaphambili, thina bezizikhakhazisa kanjani siye ithuthukiswe futhi wafundisa izibalo, zemvelo noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa manje asisekho abaholi, ngesikhathi ibambene iNetherlands kanye neSweden, yilokhu siphathelene ngqo Tibalo kanye nebudlelwane lobukhona-physics kanye ne-chemistry, edinga omkhulu ukutshalwa impahla: ukuthenga zakamuva, izimpahla ezibizayo futhi reagents ezingavamile, athole ochwepheshe abasebasha futhi abanamakhono ngubani, ngeshwa, kuncane kakhulu. Ikhwalithi yefundo uya phansi, ukuwa, singase ngokushesha asondele iphuzu ezibucayi, futhi lapho umnotho iqala khumuza, futhi engekude ezenzakalelayo ezingase ngempela muva sesimemezele isimo sethu. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho uhulumeni wavusa, ugijima, bazama okunye okuhlukile ukushintsha, ukuchitha kwekuhlela kabusha ambalwa ngokuxhamazela ezingadingekile, kodwa sekwephuze kakhulu.

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo izizathu ekuncipheni lemfundo kuleli zwe. Okokuqala - lokhu siqu. Izingane zesikole kwezinhloso zenzuzo kancane ukufunda izincwadi, benze imisebenzi yesikole yasekhaya, ingasaphathwa self-imfundo. Lapha okungenani ukugcwalisa imithetho ethize yokuziphatha kahle ezikoleni. Zonke ngenxa ukuvela iziphazamiso mass njengama-computer, kulandele nabantwana abahlezi amahora; emikhosini nabangani ebusuku ngaphambi; ukudakwa, ukuluthwa izidakamizwa, ukuthengisa ngomzimba yobusha. Yebo, likhona esikhathini esidlule, kodwa kulezizinsuku misebenzi kukhona impendulo impela. Okudidayo ukuthi, ugqozi efanayo ezemidlalo akuyona kukhanyisela ngokwengqondo indoda. Manje lo mdlalo othandwayo, bekulokhu cishe ingxenye yesine labantu bethu, kusukela kukhona imiphumela engemihle, kuba Yiqiniso, ngokuphathelene isimo imfundo ekwati isimo jikelele eRussia. Ngokwe-iningi labafundi, ngemva nje kokuqeda isikole ngeke ulwazi ewusizo, futhi ngaphandle kwalo bangaphumelela (by atholwe ngempumelelo kwakusho omkhulu imali dolobha). Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ukuthi ube usomabhizinisi futhi bahlele okwabo, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle imfundo ephakeme. Ungakwenza kanjani ukuphatha abantu, uma engakwazi ukubhekana naso - uzenza okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe ukufunda incwadi evela lokhu kubonakala kungeke kube kubi nakakhulu. Ukuze babe ibhizinisi lakho siqu, esitolo noma indawo yokudlela, bangaba nekuvisisa kahle. Futhi hhayi abum: Ngifuna iyale into okuthile, kodwa basuke bengazi ukuthi lezi zinto. Abantu abaningi abacabangi ngekusasa, kuzokwenzekani ngemva kwalokhu khulula, ukuphila okulula; ephephile ngokwazi ukuthi abazali babo ungabasiza ukuba axazulule esikhathini esizayo eyalandela, futhi uma ungakwazi ngisho nokuthola umsebenzi, khona-ke kukhona njalo ikhaya nomndeni lapho uyathandwa futhi njalo ukwamukela, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya zicabanga kanjalo. Okuhle kakhulu futhi neze nje uzithola emgwaqeni ngaphandle kwezindlu kanye nemali, ngaphandle kosizo abathandekayo, ngoba wonke umuntu uyoba kuwe ukumkhafulela ngonyaka nabanye abangane engcono, nabo owake waba mnandi, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho bophulwe ngomzuzwana nzima, bayakhohlwa khona yakho, emhlanganweni nabo kuwa budish ibe isikhundla engeyinhle, ekhumbuza abanye abangondingasithebeni noma "bum", umona ngabo nalo, omema nokudelela Nkulunkulu, amashwa, ezihlangene abuhlungu izimo. enhliziyweni yami ukwazi ukuthi wenza omkhulu, abulawe, kwesibhamu iphutha aziyanga esikoleni, sokuqalekisa izinsuku lapho truant, noma akayanga amakilasi esikoleni. Uma uqonda lokhu-ke, omunye umuntu, okwase kuza kubantu.

Eyesibili uhlobo ngezizathu - yomthethosisekelo noma isimo. Inkinga enkulu akufani isihloko esithi "amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamizi zakuleliya" futhi yonke eMthethweni? "Ngakolunye Ezemfundo", othi wonke umfundi kufanele sifinyelele izinga elithile lemfundo, kungakhathaliseki ikhono, futhi isifiso, angahambisani ezingaphezu kuka ebekwe Article. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokwehluleka nezidingo zomthethosisekelo imfundo yesibili singanikezwanga akukho umthwalo. Kuyinto le nkinga kumthethosisekelo, kukhona abafundi, ukubhalisa esikoleni, ukufunda ngokwezinga ngesifiso sakhe. Wonke umuntu ekhetha, funda noma cha. Ngeshwa, eRussia lanamuhla zonke abafundi bona lesi simiso. Kusukela umbono othile wezomnotho, ukutshalwa kwezimali ezibonakalayo nje yize. Isixazululo sale nkinga - iyona isibukezo imithetho ngokomthethosisekelo, ngokungeza isigaba ku zokuphatha, ngisho kwezinye izimo, icala lobugebengu ngeke ekufezeni amazinga emfundo kazwelonke. Ayikho kancane inkinga Sinjalo isimo le mali, kokubili imfundo ephakeme futhi yesibili. Ngezimali kwemisebenzi izikole zamabanga Kwenziwa, ukukhululwa kwe impahla kusho ukuthini inombolo pre-ehleliwe abafundi. Uma ingxenye abafundi miss izinsuku esikoleni, imali eyabelwe beqeqeshwa babe ezingadingekile, futhi umthetho kumele zibuyiselwe, futhi ngenxa yalokhu isabelomali esikoleni encishisiwe, kothisha encishisiwe, encishisiwe izinga lemfundo abafundi, nokunye. Etc .. Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke izikole abe umkhuba okuyihlazo at amamaki eqolo ukushiya utshalomali imali ezikhungweni esikoleni. Omunye ikhambi lale nkinga - ukudalwa ikhomishana ukuqinisekisa ulwazi wangempela amakhono abafundi kanye nokuqapha jikelele izifundo ukuvakashelwa. Futhi uma isikole uzoqhubeka amanga kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda izingane, nokuphathwa isikhungo ubophekile ukuba ngikhokhe inhlawulo. Esikhathini Russian Federation kukhona ithuba wangempela ukuthola imfundo ephelele futhi eliphezulu secondary futhi ephakeme. Kodwa uma abantu abafuni ukusizakala lesi sipho, ke akufanele ophoqelelwe, baphoqeleka ukuba afundise izifundo noma ukuya esikoleni. Kusukela kulesi simo sisonke ayishintshi, futhi evuka uqhubeke kuphela ukukhula. Lesi ngiso sizatfu sekufa Okuyınqo, etholakala namuhla, izinkinga.

Izinkinga kakhulu ebonakalayo, siyazi nezimbangela zabo nemiphumela, kodwa yini amandla yesimanje. Yini kwekuhlela kabusha noma imiklamo zemfundo luzoqala kanye okuyinto kakade ezikhona. Lesi sihloko eziyinkinga Ngifuna silithinte Yiqiniso, i-surfactant. Into yokuqala okudingeka ibhale - lena Bologna Process. Kulabo kungukuthi eqalwe ku izimfihlo "namaFreemason", nokunye - inqubo ukwakha eyodwa, uhlelo Friend lemfundo phakathi emazweni Europe, ngo kohlaka isivumelwano Bologna. Injongo yalo iwukuba ukuhlanganisa nokuvunywa angaphandle ngokuhlanganyela wezeMfundo ePhakeme. Manje kancane izincwadi zomlando. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kube nenkinga nge ukuthuthukisa isayensi (yomoya), i-supernatant kusukela ukwehlukana eyunivesithi, okuyinto kwaphoqa ukusungulwa ukusayinwa amazwe amabili nesishiyagalolunye we Bologna Declaration ngo-1999, esakhiweni Ministry of edolobheni eponymous Italy. Isivumelwano kuqinisekisa ukubamba iqhaza ngokuzikhethela kwabo bonke emazweni Europe. Russia nawo ahlanganyela kancane kamuva, ngo-September 2003, ngesikhathi i-Conference Berlin. Abahlanganyeli le nqubo cishe zonke zithi, imibuso principalities eYurophu eyayiyingxenye kuleli zwekazi, ngaphandle San Marino futhi Monaco. Esikhathini expanses enkulukazi Russian Federation, kulandela-kuya Bologna Process, inkinga ezingemnandi: abampofu, ukungabi nokuqaphela izikhulu isimo eziyisisekelo kuleli zwe kanye nemfundo baseYurophu abathuthela kule ndawo umgomo yenqubo Bologna iningi abafundi ningaqondi; kukhona ukudideka nge izinhlelo zemfundo, jikelele imfundo amayunithi, njengokuthi "Master", "Doctor of Science", "Bachelor". Cabanga isibonelo, uma ama-diploma Russian kwezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kuzobhekwa eYurophu ke, yebo, abafundi bethu kuyoba lula ukuthola umsebenzi, kodwa kungaholela i outflow ka izisebenzi ezinekhono kakhulu ezweni lakubo, futhi kamuva nokushoda izisebenzi ezinekhono emkhakheni. Yebo, enye imfanelo esinalo kancane ngakho, eqinisweni uye phesheya amalungu uhlakaniphe ngempela futhi abanamakhono esikoleni sethu eliphakeme kazwelonke. Kodwa leso simiso Process Bologna akuniké izwe ukuzethemba okwenza ukuthi ekwakhekeni kwezicubu imfundo, ngokushintsha isimiso samanje.

Kubonakala kimi Kuyishwa futhi ukuqubuka, is a plan of the Ministry of Education, esenziwa ngo-2009, ukwehla ezindaweni isabelomali ezikhungo ". UHulumeni ukholelwa ezweni lethu futhi abafundi asebeqedile esikoleni esiphakeme 1.2. Lona wonke amaphupho futhi okuyize, amanga pobornichestva obaba babe khona insalela, kodwa abantu abafundile, siyohlale kudingeka. luhlangotsi okunjalo enquma emuva inkululeko yethu yeningi, ukuze imfundo khulula.

Lena yini ekhathaza izinguquko imfundo ephakeme, kodwa futhi ezikoleni, ihlelelwe hhayi ezingabalulekile kangako, amaphrojekthi ezivusa amadlingozi kabusha lonke uhlelo yayo. Ngakho omunye izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu iyona ukudluliselwa imfundo yesibili ku imali ngesisekelo. I izinhlelo zikahulumeni, kodwa ngenye indlela zonke amakilasi ngeke khulula ukukhokhela izifundo ezintathu kuphela ekuseni. Kungenzeka futhi, izifundo inhlangano isethulo nengxoxo esizayo kulo mkhakha, emagcekeni, ngawo umqondisi basayina isivumelwano, kodwa imisebenzi efana Sizoxhaswa at 30%, okunye okumele ikhokhwe kusukela igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini esikoleni, okuyinto vele "ezinkulu okuncane ku imali ngaphakathi wakhe. " Kodwa iningi okuphawuleka ukuthi cishe ingxenye yezingane ngeke bakwazi ukuthola imfundo egcwele, ngenxa ukuntula imali yabazali bazo. Nemisinga nje kule ingxenye bagxila onamakhono kunabo, smart, ezimisele ukufunda, kanye nezingane. Ngakho-ke, imfundo enhle izingane ukuthola izigebengu ocebile abonakele enobudlova. Manje zicabange esikhathini esizayo kuwo wonke amazwe ezophatha nenzalo yabo, okuyinto engcono. Nokho, cishe isimo esifanayo kuleli zwe manje, kodwa akunjalo okukhulu.

Esikhathini yamuva, uNgqongqoshe owaziwa ahlonishwe semfundo yeRussia, lapho u-Andrei Fursenko, emhlanganweni webhodi, ezihlongozwayo ukwethulwa ukuhlolwa emva kokuphothulwa undergraduate. Enkazimulweni yayo, kuba kuhle, nomvuzo isimo. Inhloso yalesi Ukuhlolwa ukuze ubonise izinga wangempela imfundo eyunivesithi. Ngokusho lokhu test izobonwa ukuqeqesha amakolishi eRussia. Obala abasekeli isikhonzi wakhuluma kahle emisha oyifakile, kodwa abafundi kanye li we-Institute ungayiboni ukuhlobana futhi iwusizo lo mbono.

Lapho iRussia ngeke usaba khona phansi yingozi, ukuhlolwa caustic kanye ucwaningo. Uma izwe kufika isikhathi singesaphakade, lezi kokungenela ezinqala kuphela uthele uphethiloli esakhiweni yalo ivuthe umlilo, esikhungweni semfundo.