Excel ithebula Isifingqo: ukuthi ungadala kanjani uphinde asebenze? Ukusebenza Excel PivotTables

Abasebenzisi abaningi ehhovisi ngokwenkolo avame ukubhekana nayo yizinselelo uma uzama ukudala nokuhlela nanoma yimiphi imibhalo Office. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkampani zisebenzisa izinhlelo eziningana ehhovisi, izimiso zazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi asemrarweni ungakha Excel PivotTables.

Ngenhlanhla, esanda kutholakala sekukhona MS Office 2010-2013, okuyinto hhayi kuphela kuhlanganisa eziningi isofthiwe olusha yamafayela ukucutshungulwa umbhalo, ama-spreadsheet, yolwazi kanye nezethulo, kodwa futhi ikuvumela ukuba basebenze nabo ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze izisebenzi eziningana endaweni yebhizinisi abunakuqhathaniswa.

Kungani inguqulo entsha?

Ukuze uqonde lo mbuzo, kudingeka cabanga zonke izinguquko eziphawuleka kakhulu eziye zenzeka nale suite ehhovisi.

Njengoba ngaphambi, kuba Excel iyona funa sesibili uhlelo hhayi kuphela ikuvumela ukudala kumathebula lalula, kodwa ngisho Ukwakha database eyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba kunjalo ngabanye izingxenye, ke ingezwe ku-inkinobho "Office", ngokuchofoza okuyinto ungagcina idokhumenti ngefomethi oyifunayo, ushintsho noma ucacise tinyatselo sokuvikelwa yayo. Kwakuthinta kakhulu ethuthukisiwe okukumoduli yezokuphepha ye idokhumenti.

Kepha lezo zinguquko ezinqala kakhulu Excel, kufanele kuphawulwe ukulungisa amaphutha amaningi amafomula, ngenxa yalokho izinguqulo ezandulele wavela kaningi amaphutha ngempela sína izibalo.

Kufanele ukuthi inguqulo entsha yama-iphakethe - lokhu akulona nje iqoqo izinhlelo ehhovisi, kodwa ibuye ibe ithuluzi elinamandla, efanelekayo ukuxazulula ngisho imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Njengoba ungase uqonde nathi namuhla ezocatshangelwa ithebula Excel zungeza.

Kuyini futhi ziyini?

Ushintsho eziphawuleka kakhulu inguqulo entsha yama "Ihhovisi" kuyinto esibonakalayo yabo perekroenny ngokugcwele, eye yabizwa abanye ngokuthi abadali Ribbon (iribhoni). Amateyipu yonke imiyalo 1500 kuthiwa sizikhandle okuqoqwe izigaba, ngakho ngeke babe eside ngibafuna. Ukuze ngikwenze ngokugcwele lezi nemingcele, onjiniyela ukungezwa Excel bathuthukisa weThebula.

Namhlanje sibonisana Excel «for dummies." Isifinyezo amatafula - ithuluzi ekhethekile, lapho imiphumela inqubo babeqoqana ngokucacile. Uma sikubeka kalula, angasetshenziswa ukuze ubone ukuthi bangakhi walabo noma ezinye izimpahla ithengiswe zonke umdayisi ngoba shift yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziselwa ezimweni lapho kuyadingeka:

• Lungiselela izibalo kohlaziyo ngokubhala imibiko sokugcina.
• Bala inkomba zabo zonke ngokwehlukana.
• Khiqiza behlukanisa ngohlobo idatha.
• Ukuze uhlunge kanye ngokujulile ukuhlaziya idatha.

Kulesi sihloko sizohlola izindlela ezilula ukudala kubo. Uzofunda indlela ithebula Excel zungeza kuyasiza dala uphinde uhlaziye isikhathi chungechunge, ukwakha kanye ukuhlwaya umhlahlo enemininingwane.

Dala idokhumenti oyifunayo

Ngakho indlela ukuze udale ithebula zungeza Excel? Okokuqala udinga ukuze udale idokhumenti elula lapho senza idatha ukuhlaziywa kamuva. Ikholomu eyodwa kufanele ingxenye eyodwa ipharamitha. Thatha isibonelo esilula:

• ukudayiswa isikhathi.
• Izimpahla ithengiswe.
• Inani izindleko yokuthengisa.

Ngakho, phakathi kwazo zonke imingcele eyenziwe ngo isixhumanisi ngamunye ikholomu: ucabange ukuthi izicathulo ngabe athengiswe ku-9 ekuseni, inzuzo eyenziwe n-ruble.

ukufomatha amathebula

Ngemva kokulungiselela lonke ulwazi yokuqala, ukubeka isikhombisi kuseli lokuqala kukholamu yekucala, vula ithebhu "Faka" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Isifingqo Ithebula". Uyothola ngokushesha ubone ibhokisi lengxoxo lapho ungenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Uma ngokushesha ucindezele inkinobho "OK" ke Excel PivotTables uzobe ngokushesha ukuboniswa elinye iphepha.
• ngokwezifiso ngokugcwele excretion.

Kulo mBhalo, onjiniyela ukusinika ithuba ukucacisa ibanga lamaseli ukuthi uzobe ulwazi wafuna ukuboniswa. Ngemva kwalokhu, umsebenzisi kumele ukucacisa lapho etafuleni entsha badalelwa, ukuze ekhona noma okudalwe eshidini. Ngokuchofoza "KULUNGILE", uyobe ngokushesha ubone phambi itafula ngomumo. Ngesikhathi kudalwa amathebula wephivothi Excel is cishe igcwaliswe.

Ohlangothini lwesokunene ishidi elise ezindaweni, nobani azosebenza. Fields zingadonswa kwachitheka ezindaweni ezihlukene, ngemva kwalokho idatha Ukubekwa obala ku itafula. Ngakho, ithebula le-pivot uqobo uzobe esisogwini ohlangothini lwesobunxele sokusebenza.

Sibambe ngenkathi ngokucindezela inkinobho yesinxele, "umkhiqizo", bakuthumela ibe "title ibha", bese uchofoza "Isamba Sales" e okufanayo ngendlela phambili esikhathini "Inani" (ohlangothini lwesobunxele ishidi). Yileyo indlela ungathola inani yokuthengisa phakathi naso sonke isikhathi ihlaziye.

Ukudala behlukanisa isikhathi uchungechunge

Ukuze sihlaziye yokuthengisa ku obuphelele ezithile isikhathi, kufanele ufaka izigaba ezifanele ethebuleni uqobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu kumelwe ungene ishidi "Idatha" bese ufaka ikholomu ezintathu ezintsha ngokushesha ngemva kosuku. Khetha ikholomu igama lomkhiqizo, bese uchofoza inkinobho "Faka".

Kubalulekile kakhulu, ukuze wonke amakholomu okudalwe babe ngaphakathi ithebula ekhona nge idatha engumthombo. Kulokhu, ukudalwa amathebula wephivothi Excel futhi kudingeke. Ngeke vele ungeze amasimu amasha kudatha oyifunayo.

ezisetshenziswa ifomula

Ngokwesibonelo, amakholomu okudalwe angabizwa ngokuthi "Unyaka", "Inyanga", "Izinyanga-iminyaka." Ukuze uthole idatha sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo ngamunye wabo kuyodingeka ukubhalisa ifomula ehlukile ukubala:

• I "Yonyaka" ukufaka ifomula yefomu: "= UNYAKA" (ebhekisela usuku).
• Inyanga kumele kulekelelwa inkulumo ethi: "= INYANGA" (futhi ebhekisele usuku).
• Ohlwini wesithathu ifomu thina ukufaka ifomula "= CONCATENATE" (ebhekisela ngonyaka nenyanga).

Ngakho, sithola izinhlu ezintathu nazo zonke idatha yoqobo. Manje iya kumenyu "Isifingqo", chofoza kunoma iyiphi isikhala esingenalutho ethebuleni inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla, bese ku wavula imenyu yengqikithi ukhethe into "Buyekeza". Nakani! ukubhala ngokucophelela amafomula Excel PivotTables, njenganoma yikuphi iphutha kuyoholela ukubikezela amaphutha.

Indlela yokuqhuba uhlaziyo yokuthengisa idatha?

Saphinde ucindezela inkinobho yesinxele chofoza "Unyaka", bese idonsele zibe "Igama kwekholomu", bese uqala etafuleni isifinyezo ubonisa imiphumela uhlobo oluthize yokuthengisa somkhiqizo kuzo zonke iminyaka. Futhi uma ufuna nje ukuhlaziya yokuthengisa nyangazonke? Ngokufanayo, thina cindezela LMB "Inyanga", ngokuhudula ngaphansi kukholamu yonyaka.

Ukuze uthole Dynamics okubonakalayo izinguquko ngenyanga yokuthengisa eminyakeni, i- "Inyanga" ukudonsela ngqo kukholamu yonyaka, ngaphambili wathuthela e "Igama kwekholomu". Ngemva kokuqeda lesi sinyathelo, uzobona itafula iphrezentheshini elandelayo:

• Inani yokuthengisa umkhiqizo othize unyaka wonke.
• Dynamics yokuthengisa ngamunye wabo eminyakeni.

Susa idatha ye Ukukhishwa

Ucabange ukuthi inkinga ka, sidinga ukususa idatha Okthoba, ngakho asinalo izibalo esibanzi kuso. Ithebula isifinyezo ngifuna "Umbiko Hlunga", bese idonsele "Unyaka - Inyanga".

isihlungi ivele phezulu etafuleni lapho ufuna ukubeka ibhokisi eliseduze kokuthi "Khetha izinto eziningi." Ngemva kwalokho, ohlwini oluvelayo, ungakhethi Okthoba, bese uchofoza ku- "KULUNGILE".

Ngakho, ungakwazi ukwengeza nokususa kusukela izakhi lemifanekiso, ukwakha ephuthuma ngempela futhi udinga ukuhlolwa. Uhlelo sinquma ngokuzenzakalelayo izibalo kulabo izinyanga lapho unesithakazelo, khomba ngokucacile Dynamics ushintsho izinkomba.

Silindele projection

Zama ukubikezela imiphumela yokuthengisa isikhashana ukuza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ukuvimbela Imiphumela zangaphambi wabelane abangazange wenza iphutha umhlahlo elakhiwe.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, wafaka isikhombisi in the "Ingqikithi", bese uchofoza inkinobho "Susa ingqikithi." Ngemva kwalokho, buyekeza ngokuzenzekelayo Excel PivotTables indlela echazwe ngenhla kithi (chofoza inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla, ukhethe "Buyekeza").

Ngenxa yalokho, lezi idatha elahleka kusuka etafuleni lethu isifinyezo. Ukwakha kuvumelana kwetinhlavu izibikezelo ekuthengisweni, ukubeka isikhombisi ngonyaka, okuyinto uhlela ukwenza isiqalo, bese thina uchofoze igundane inkinobho kwesokunxele inkinobho "imodeli Luhlelo ukubikezela."

Ngemva kwalokho kukhona igrafu enhle ulwazi okwethulwa ifomu ezibukwayo imiphumela kulindeleke yomsebenzi kumthengi ukuqagela ezithakazelisayo. Lokhu kuyokwenza ugcine amandla futhi wonge imali okungatholakala wachitha ku ukuthengwa kwezimpahla kuyadingeka ngempela.

Sisebenzisa kweminye imithombo idatha for ekwakhekeni weThebula

Sekuyisikhathi sixoxe ngezifundo eziyinkimbinkimbi Excel. Ithebula isifinyezo kungadalwa ngesisekelo imibhalo eziye ukuhlelwa abanye abasebenzisi.

Lokhu kuyosisiza ukusebenza "Hlanganisa". Lolu hlelo ikuvumela ukuba sihlanganise ngokuzenzakalelayo umbhalo idokhumenti nekheli kudingekile, igama noma olunye ulwazi oludingekayo ukwakha izibikezelo komuntu siqu ukuthi kuleli cala futhi kuyadingeka.

uhlangane umsebenzi ezinguqulweni kamuva "ihhovisi" ayikashintshi kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa Office 2003. Noma kunjalo imibuzo semininingwane ukhethe umthombo idatha engenziwa nokusetshenziswa Microsoft Izikhalazo. Ukuze uthole idatha isifinyezo Excel isipredishithi, kumele ube izinto ezimbili:

• Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we main iqukethe ulwazi oludingayo, kanye ensimini ekhombisa uhlelo Excel, idatha ukuba usufakwa idokhumenti. Ithebula main is a standard dokhumenti, isipredishithi, kodwa kufanele ucacise ku Ukuhlanganiswa lengxoxo (Mail Ukuhlanganiswa Helper), lokho kufanele isetshenziswe njengesibonelo esiyinhloko.
• Umthombo idatha iqukethe ulwazi oludingekayo ukulungiswa umhlahlo. Ungakha ithebula elisha ngendlela siye sabonisa ngenhla.

Lapho inqubo ukudalwa kwemibhalo isifinyezo, uhlelo kudala ikhophi ngayinye amarekhodi eziqukethwe ifayela yedatha yomthombo. La mafayela ingaboniswa ingxenye ehlukile ye idokhumenti entsha, noma isetshenziswe njengekhubalo ukwahlukanisa yetafula lakho zungeza.

Umuntu kumelwe amane uchofoze emkhakheni wayefisa inkinobho sakho sobunxele igundane, futhi ungabona umthombo idatha esikhundleni amagama ensimini ukuthi avele idokhumenti main. Fields bufakwe ngasiphi indawo idokhumenti.

imikhakha ukusetshenziswa

Futhi ungasebenzisa CELA isigaba, okusho "bafune 'futhi FILLIN ukuthi kusho ukuthini" ukugcwalisa "le NEXT futhi NEXTIF, OMUNYE. Ungase futhi kutsha kwemigomo amaphuzu umhlahlo liboniswe ethebuleni sokugcina. Thola entry oyifunayo kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa isihlungi ekhethekile noma ngokumane ukuhlunga idatha, njengoba sishilo ngenhla.

Lapho usukulungele udale idokhumenti master, Hlanganisa ibhokisi lengxoxo ivumela umsebenzisi ukuhlonza futhi ulungise amaphutha athile ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Lapho konke ihloliwe, ungakwazi ngokuphepha ucindezela inkinobho "Hlanganisa". Uma Nokho, nokuhlanganiswa kumele kwenziwe nge e-mail, uzokwaziswa ukufaka lolu hlelo imeyli (uma ungazange sekuvele kufakiwe).

Esimweni lapho kukhona iphutha, kuba inqubo ekubumbaneni izinkulumo mayelana emkhakheni ngokungalungile ecacisiwe kwenye dokhumenti, noma ukusebenzisa idatha ikwifomethi engasekelwe. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo kumele futhi kubuyekezwe.

Ngokuvamile, i-Excel (umsebenzi nge PivotTables lapho sesibonile) ivumela nje kuphela ukuhlaziywa kuqhathaniswa eyinkimbinkimbi nakwentiwa, kodwa kuyayakha ngesisekelo izibikezelo.