Dostoevsky, "Amanothi kusukela Underground": isifinyezo

Umkhiqizo "Amanothi kusukela Underground" eyabhalwa Dostoevsky e 1864. Umbhali wamanothi iqhawe ngomshoshaphansi.

Umkhiqizo protagonist

Lokhu zekhotho Collegiate, obesanda ehla nangemva kokuba esephathiswe eyifa. Umkhiqizo hero "Amanothi kusukela Underground" iminyaka engu-40. Uhlala onqenqemeni Petersburg, in the "yenziwe ngobudlabha" Igumbi. Lokhu iqhawe nasengqondweni ngicasha: wacishe njalo wedwa, owakhaphela "wishful cabango", izithombe kanye motifs ezathathwa izincwadi. The hero nameless futhi ihlola umphefumulo wakhe futhi ingqondo, okubonisa isibindi nokuhlakanipha ngaphezu kokuvamile. Injongo ukuvuma ezinjalo - ubone ukuthi ungayiphendula yini zingagwegwesi ngokuphelele okungenani nge ngokwabo, asesabi iqiniso kulokhu.

Ifilosofi protagonist

The hero ukholelwa ukuthi iminyaka engu-60 ngekhulu le-19, indoda ekhaliphile imiselwe abe "characterless". Ifa elinganiselwe, wabantu abayiziphukuphuku - imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, okuyinto kubhekwa njengento evamile, kanti ukwazi kwaqina zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu isifo. Ingqondo kwenza iqhawe abavukela imithetho yemvelo, izinto ezitholwe isayensi yesimanje. Yabo "udonga lwamatshe" kuyinto "ngokungangabazeki" kuphela "kuluthuntubeze udosi" umuntu. Nge ukubuyisana ngokucacile ungavumelani iqhawe ngomshoshaphansi. Unomuzwa "benecala" ngenxa yokuthi oda emhlabeni aluphelele, futhi lokhu kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu. Isayensi amanga kuphela ukuba acabange umuntu zingancishiswa, "ngokuvumelana ukuze babale ipuleti." "Isibonakaliso konke ukuphila" - ukuthi "Wish". Uvikela ngokumelene zonke iziphetho "zesayensi 'mayelana womuntu inhlalakahle kanye isimo sobuntu, ilungelo okufanele admixed kuya" ukuqapha omuhle "" Woza isiphukuphuku "lisho ukuba uzitholele ngokwakho ukuthi abantu - lokhu akulona" upiyano okhiye "lapho imithetho yemvelo zidlala.

The hero, owabhala Amanothi kusukela Underground, nokudangala ngekhono lakhe ukuhlangabezana "ububanzi" ekahle. Leli akulona umsebenzi, hhayi injabulo, hhayi ngisho "Crystal Palace", okuyinto ukwakha Socialist, njengoba kuthatha umuntu into esemqoka - wakhetha. Imibhikisho emelene ukuhlonza hero wolwazi lokuhle akufanele ingatshazwe ukholo intuthuko impucuko kanye nesayensi. Impucuko kuyinto kithi "akasilulazi lutho," kodwa edonsa kuphela, ngokombono wakhe, "sikwazi ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene emizweni", ngakho sifuna injabulo nokululazeka, kanye igazi elingesilo elakhe ... Ubunjalo besintu ngokwesisekelo, ngokuvumelana umlingisi losemcoka, amanga isidingo hhayi kuphela injabulo, ukuchuma, ukuze, kodwa futhi ehlupheka, ukubhujiswa nalezo zinxushunxushu. "Crystal Palace", ongqongqozayo ohlangothini negative, ekahle kuyinto untenable, ngoba phuca nenkululeko yokuzikhethela. Kungaba ngcono ngakho "inertia bayazi" yesimanje "inkukhu ngehhoko" ngomshoshaphansi.

Ukuphila iqhawe, lapho akhonza khona njengesithunywa Office

Nokho, kwenzeka ukuthi ukulangazelela empeleni waxosha yegumbi. The hero, owabhala Amanothi kusukela Underground, wachaza ngokuningiliziwe omunye lemizamo. Usesebenze iminyaka 24 ehhovisi kanye dlelesela wazonda kokuba kakhulu "ebucayi", "ezisolisayo" futhi "uyaziqhenya" nozakwabo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi wamesaba kubo. Wayethi akakholelwa hero "isigqila" nelithi "igwala" njenganoma yikuphi "ehloniphekile" futhi umuntu 'eziphambili ". Ukufundwa Enhanced esikhundleni ukuxhumana nabantu, futhi ebusuku ku "ezindaweni ezimnyama" "isinyathelo impudently."

Leso senzakalo ngesikhathi yezihambi

Ukubuka umdlalo amabhiliyade, yena uvinjiwe ngengozi kanye endaweni yokucima ukoma esinye isikhulu komgwaqo. Namandla nabade, wathuthela buthule "neligwadulekile" futhi "indaba emfushane," iqhawe kwenye indawo. Wabe esembuza ukuqala "tetemibhalo", "kwesokudla" iyalwa, kodwa kuphela "enonya ngasizila" ngoba wesaba ukuthi ngeke athathwe ngokungathi sína. Hero ngemva lesisiqephu ngiphuphe yokuziphindiselela iminyaka eminingi, ngizame kaningi emhlanganweni ku saseNevsky ingawohloki kuqala. Lapho ekugcineni ebhekene emahlombe akhe, isikhulu ku-ke ngisho awazange asinakekele, kodwa usebenza hero wajabula ngoba udliwe esisodwa, ukusekela isithunzi ngizibeke obala ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo yezenhlalakahle nesikhulu. Konke lokhu okubonwa ngokuba iqhawe ngokwakhe asichaza emsebenzini wakhe umbhali, Dostoevsky F.

"Amanothi kusukela Underground": idina nabontsanga yakhe yangaphambili

Ngezikhathi ezithile umuntu azizwe edinga omphakathi komhlaba, okuyinto kwanelisa abangane abambalwa kuphela, Simon, owayeyisikhulu ofunda futhi Setochkin, umabhalane omkhulu. Lapho ngivakashele Simonov, ifunda ukuthi behlonipha wengane eyashona eyayifunda besalungisa ukudla kwasemini futhi "ukuthenga ku" nabanye. "Underground" olandela eside ngaphambi kwesidlo ukwesaba ukuhlazeka kungenzeka nokudelela, njengoba ngokoqobo imithetho izincwadi ongalaleli kanye neze bangempela bazocula indima ayeyabelwe ezingqondweni ophuphayo: bangakwazi, isibonelo, ukuze kubongwe futhi bathande umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho obusengqondweni wokuziphakamisa. Uthi uzama kuthuke icala nabangane kwakusihlwa. Bamane phezani ukuphawule empendulweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ageleza ngaphansi komhlaba - self-ukuhlazeka emphakathini. Khona-ke amadina nabo hamba endaweni yezifebe ngaphandle kwakhe. Ngoba "tetemibhalo" Manje kumelwe izoziphindiselela laba bantu sokuba namahloni abasele, ngakho uya kuwo wonke umuntu. Nokho, labo kakade umhlala emakamelweni. Lisa iqhawe sipho.

Isiqephu esikhungweni sezifebe

Dostoevsky Landelayo ( "Amanothi kusukela Underground") uchaza izenzakalo ezilandelayo. Emva "ngamanyala", "okwe okuyihlazo", hero ukhuluma intombazane. Wayeneminyaka engu-20 ubudala. Petersburg kamuva nje, futhi yena - bomdabu wamaFilisti Riga. Unquma ukuyichaza ukuzwela wentombazane ukuze recoup kuso udvweba sitfombe ebabazekayo wezifebe esizayo, bese - injabulo yomkhaya, ayitholakali. Umthelela kufinyelelwa: ukuze Ukudlikizela futhi sobs kuletha Owesifazane abacikwe ukuphila kwakhe. "UMsindisi", kusale, emshiya inkulumo yakhe. Nokho, ngokusebenzisa "tetemibhalo" Ngamshaya kuyihlazo "knavery" futhi sorry for uLisa. othanda kakhulu ukuchitha protagonist imisebenzi "Amanothi kusukela Underground" ukuhlaziya umsebenzi wakhe siqu.

Lisa kuziwa hero

Ubuya ezinsukwini ezingu-3. Hero, echaza Dostoevsky ( "Amanothi kusukela Underground"), "disgustingly namahloni." He phendla ukuze izisusa zayo baphikise yokuziphatha kwakhe, kodwa kukhona uzwela ezingalindelekile nothando ezivela kuye. Wathuthela, uyaqaphela ukuthi akunakuba ezinhle. Nokho, ngokushesha namahloni lobuthakathaka emimoya yokuziphindiselela, uLiza futhi inamathela isandla sakhe in ruble 5 ukuze ukunqoba okuphelele. Intombazane, kusale, kusale imali engabonwa.

isebenza isiphetho

The hero ibona ukuthi wabhala Umlando wakhe ngamahloni. Nokho, wayesho kuphela alethwe obudluleleko ukuthi abanye nohhafu akazange ulinge ulethe. The hero wakwazi ukulahla imigomo umphakathi, ezibonakala uye Nokho gone, kanye komhlaba - a "okonakele". "Ukuphila Ukuphila", ubudlelwano okujulile abanye abantu wabanikela umangaze. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka umsebenzi "Amanothi kusukela Underground", isifinyezo esiye kuchaziwe.

Indaba ngemva kokufunda lokhu namuhla ngeke abashiye ubani nandaba. Nokho, ngokushesha ngemuva kokushicilelwa e 1864, "Amanothi kusukela Underground" kubangelwa impela ukubuyekezwa ambalwa, nakuba abameleli ekamu wamavukelambuso-yeningi ngokushesha unesithakazelo kubo. Okuwukuphela nampendulo esheshayo umkhiqizo isibe ukubayisigebengu ka Shchedrin, ngubani afakwe Ukubuyekeza yakhe, enesihloko esithi "inhlebo Literary" iphamfulethi "Amahlolamvula". Kuyo, ebukisa kubahlanganyeli iphephabhuku "Epoch" ngendlela satirical, yena zaveza ezicashe yesine Swift "komlobi udabuke," Dostoevsky. Le ndaba uye wavusa isithakazelo baxgeki emva inoveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" esanyatheliswa, okungukuthi, ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Lwakhiwe nge eziningi lokho kwakuhlelwe e "Amanothi".