Development Index Human

Ezikhathini zamuva abezindaba ungezwakala mayelana Human Development Index (HDI). Ngithanda okwengeziwe ukukhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngalokhu sibalo, kanye nokuzwisisa kanjani kuchazwe ngendlela efanayo.

Endaweni yokuqala obuntu nokuthuthukiswa Inkomba - iyona inkomba kwezomnotho ukuthi isetshenziswa UN ukuze kutholakale izinga lempilo emazweni ahlukahlukene. Akubalulekile nje ukudida lo mqondo nge izinga lokuphila, kuba ngokuyinhloko izincazelo ezahlukene. Izinga abantu abaphilayo bangakhuluma elichaza degree of impahla inhlalakahle, okungukuthi, abantu ukwaneliseka ukuchuma zabo ezibonakalayo. Kulokhu, isilinganiso lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila ezweni kungaba ngendlela esobala ukuboniswa ngokusebenzisa GDP iyunithi labantu ngalinye. Nakuba welithi "izinga lempilo" iqukethe izici "ongenakuthintwa" wokuphila. Lokhu kungafaka ukuphila nempilo, ithuba ukuchitha yokuzilibazisa isikhathi sabo futhi uphumule, ukujula kwamasiko yezwe, injalo okuthuthuka ngokomoya, njll

Kunengqondo ukuthi ukunquma izinga lempilo kunzima ngokwanele, ngoba lo mqondo ngempela enezici futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa eziningi izici, ngaphezu, ngeke luboniswe Ngokwamanani emali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele usebenzise uhlobo oluthile Inkomba esemqoka, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi kuleli cala akunakwenzeka ukufunda idatha ngokuphelele linembile futhi letifanele.

Ngakho lokho yinto inkomba ebalulekile kwakheka kwemuntfu Inkomba, olwakhiwa ngo-1990 ngu-zezomnotho amabili angaphandle: Pakistani Mahbub ul-Hacks futhi Indian Amartya Sen. Ngemva kwalokho, kusukela ngo-1993, umbiko we-UN ngonyaka ukuchitha kanzima kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale inkomba ukuthi ubonisa ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba HDI emazweni amaningi emhlabeni. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi idatha enikeziwe UN, eyaziwa imisiwe engu-2.

Inkomba ubumpofu, okuyinto Nokho, alisetshenziswa kabanzi - isilinganiso okunye iye wethulwa HDI. Mhlawumbe isizathu esiyinhloko leli kuyigama Dissonant, okuyinto onakalisa ohlelweni isicebi yamazwe amaningi. By the way, leli nani futhi ibalwa njengenhlangano Inkomba ukubaluleka kwabantu.

Enkabeni yalo, i-HDI iqukethe izinkomba ezinkulu ezintathu - izinga lokuphila ukuthi kungenziwa esikalini umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene lengenako, imfundo Inkomba, okungukuthi, ezingeni kokukwazi sabantu, kanye nobude besikhathi sokuphila.

izinkomba Ezemfundo zihlanganisa ngezinga kokukwazi omdala, kanye iphesenti jikelele abafundi. Lokho isibalo sabantu abafundile phakathi izakhamuzi isimo, okuyinto vele engu-15 ubudala futhi kungenziwa kubhekwe kube inkomba yokuthi ezingeni. umuntu akwazi ukufunda nokubhala kungenziwa ngokuthi umuntu abangakwazi ukufunda nokubhala umusho olula ezihlobene ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala zingachazwa ku yokubala abantu, kodwa wenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni 10. Ukuze uqinisekise lesi sibalo, aphethwe minyaka yonke izifundo ezingaqondile, ukuthi azame nithole ngokunembe kakhudlwana isibalo sabantu abafundile kweqiniso. Ngokwesibonelo, kokwenza inhlolo-vo abantu abangena ukushada noma bavume ukubuthwa. Kufanele ukuthi indlela enjalo ekhetha futhi abakwazi ukunikeza isithombe olunembile futhi ephelele ekwati zonke izingxenye sabantu.

Human Development Index ungaba inani eliphakathi zero futhi omunye. Okunqumayo ifomula, lapho izibalo kwakusho kubhekelwe ukusebenza zonke indices amathathu ashiwo ngenhla. Lokho izinkomba translation nenani Inkomba, okungase njengamaphesenti value kwamanani kusukela 0 komunye, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba acabangele amamethrikhi ehluke kakhulu futhi disparate kwelinye inkomba ehlangene.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amazwe amaningana akufakiwe ukubala eNhlangano yeziZwe. amazwe amancane European ezifana Liechtenstein, San Marino, Monaco, Andorra akazange ukushicilela idatha yabo. Izindaba emnothweni lala mazwe zisikisela ukuthi HDI kuphezulu kakhulu, enjengamakhiwane engu-10 edlule. Amanye amazwe angakafakwa e-UN ibika, lezi zihlanganisa ukwahlukanisa ka iSerbia neMontenegro kanye Macau naseTaiwan, kodwa ngokuvumelana idatha kwangaphambilini, banalo HDI eliphezulu kakhulu.

Izwe lapho kukhona impi, ayisekho ichaze ukuthuthukiswa Inkomba yabo. Kuyinto amazwe ezifana Liberia, Afghanistan, Somalia, njll It kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi leli nani kula mazwe kuyoba kakhulu ongaphakeme.