Defense izindlela Freud izibonelo. Psychology amabhuku ekufanelekelayo ukufundwa

Defense izindlela Freud ukumela impendulo ethile ebuchosheni ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle ezenzeka ngokungazi. Kokuguqula ngokoqobo futhi nemelela kabi bezibona zalo, ekunciphiseni ingozi ukucindezeleka.

Inchazelo

izindlela zokuzivikela - ke ingenye imiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu psychoanalysis, okuyinto indlela yokuzivikela (okungukuthi, ukuvikelwa "Mina" yakhe), i-negative ukulawula pulses evela komuntu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya imithetho kwezenhlalo kanye nezinkambiso, okuyinto, kunjalo, kuthiwa ifaka ingcindezi kumuntu. A indlela ukuzivikela aklanyelwe ukuvikela abantu imizwa kungenzeka futhi ukukhathazeka, zibangelwa kungalingani izinkolelo kwezenhlalo kanye ukubukwa siqu yomuntu. Leli gama lalisetshenziselwa lokuqala lizwakalise ngo-1894 yi-isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esidumile Freud sasho.

Izinhlobo izindlela zokuzivikela

Ngenxa izici ngabanye abantu sisabela ngezindlela ezingafani ezintweni, ukucindezeleka nezifiso kwangaphakathi. Kule ndaba, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izindlela ukuvikelwa bungabonakala:

• ukufuduka;
• lelivakalako;
• esikhundleni;
• ukuhleleka;
• ukuphendula kumiswa;
• ekuhlehleni;
• Sublimation;
• abamukeli.

izakhiwo Basic izindlela zokuzivikela

Inombolo yezici babe izindlela ukuzivikela Freud. Nge izibonelo zokuphila kwangempela kuwufanele ukufunda uzwisise imvelo zalesi simo. Ngakho, izindlela ukuzivikela ibe Izakhiwo ezilandelayo:

• kukhona uhlobo ukuzikhohlisa njengoba ibonakaliswa ezingeni equlekile;
• phendulela bezibona ngokoqobo, okuyinto kungaba ingozi nakakhulu ukuba abantu kuka langempela usongo zamanje;
• amelela ngokomzwelo ohlangothini ukusabela izenzakalo zemvelo;
• Noma nini kungase kuphakame ngesisekelo yokwesaba ukuthi amaza negative izoya ku isigaba bayazi.

ukufuduka

Uma ucabangela izindlela ukuzivikela Freud, okokuqala kuyafaneleka displacement. Kusinda ngesisekelo ngawo kamuva zingase zimiswe izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ingcindezelo kuyinto "Ngikhohlwa" noma "susa" ezingqondweni leyo mizwa nemicabango ukuthi ibakhathaze ngokwengqondo. Kulokhu, imemori bungaba buthaka izenzakalo ezandulela ukulimala.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufuduka akuyona ngokuphelele. Kube njalo kunengozi ukuthi Izinkumbulo yezenzakalo ezingemnandi badiliza out, ngakho-ke kufanele basebenzise oluningi kakhulu amandla e ukucindezelwa yabo. Lokhu kungase zibulale ukuthuthukiswa siqu yomuntu. Nokho, ngisho noma ukufuduka indlela umthwalo, umfutho kungenzeka ivele iphupho noma ehamba kule ukubhuka.

Defense izindlela Freud ziyabonakala ekuphileni kwangempela. Ngokwesibonelo, umyeni ehloniphekile, esenziwa izimiso zalo zokuziphatha ayikuvumeli ukuthi kungenzeka akhashelwa kumkakhe. Yena displaces kakhulu ake aba nemicabango enjalo futhi fantasies. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uyandiza iqhaza nezinjabulo owesifazane ongaziwa.

kwelivi

Ezimweni ezicindezelayo cishe njalo kwabangela izindlela zokuzivikela. Freud endaweni yesibili kukhona lelivakalako. nencazelo yalo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi umuntu uzama ukushukumisa imicabango yabo, imizwa yakhe nezimo zakhe zokuphila kwabanye abantu. Ngakho, ke ongathwali phi sola futhi umthwalo ukwehluleka yabo futhi bangene ezinkathazweni.

Njengoba isibonelo, umfundi noma umfundi akawufaneli ukuhlolwa. A uphawu olubi, uzama ukuchaza ezinye izinto ezivelile ukuphathwa kabi phezu ingxenye uthisha. Uma sikhuluma abasubathi, e bo ehlulwa they bavame ukusola ikhwalithi embi imishini ezemidlalo, ensimini ukudlala refereeing ngokungafanele.

esikhundleni

Uma ucabangela izibonelo izivikelo ezingokwengqondo, awanakuziziba esikhundleni. indlela yalo iwukuba lusichezukise kude okusongela kwenye into. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu lokhu mshini wezenzo - kuba ingane, abazali bami ujeziselwa Prank. Ukungakwazi uyehluleka ukuyiphendula, uthatha intukuthelo yakhe ku umfowethu noma udadewethu omncane, ukukhahlela noma breaking amathoyizi.

Ukusabela esikhundleni sizalwa nawo hhayi kuphela izingane kodwa futhi abadala abaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, izisebenzi zivame ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa nokugxeka phezu ingxenye ekuphathweni. Ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi uyawavi- ngaphambi kokuba iziphathimandla ezingamaPutukezi ukuphendula. Nokho, ngibuyele ekhaya, bakwazi ukumtshela ubudlova emalungwini omkhaya.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abanye abantu kunalokho eyinqaba lelisu indlela esikhundleni. Ukuba buthaka nemvelo, abakwazi isikhala izimpi zabo zibonakale zinezinhloso ku nomfokazi, Ngakho-ke baqala ukucindezela ngokwabo. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu bangazazi izinto zokuzisiza ngokomzwelo, azibandakanya-ukugxekwa nokuzibhaxabula.

ukuhleleka

Ukuvikelwa kwenqondo njengendlela zokubhekana nokucindezeleka kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngesimo ukuhleleka. Lena engeyona okwenziwe ngenhloso ngokoqobo ukuze silondoloze ezingeni lelisetulu ukuzethemba. Kukhona ukucabanga isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi, esiklanyelwe bathethelele ukuziphatha engenangqondo. Esinye sezibonelo yesiteleka kakhulu indlela enjalo zingatholakala ngisho ku izinganekwane of Aesop. Uchaza impungushe, okungakwazi ukufinyelela amagatsha ezihlahla. Ukuze zokwehluleka yayo, yena uthi izithelo namanje aluhlaza.

Kunezibonelo ezifanayo zingatholakala ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, owesifazane akufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi naye wenza okufanayo ngokubonisa ukunakwa nokuzilungisa babantu. Angafuni ukwamukela leli qiniso, indoda kungaba aziqinisekise ka unattractiveness wakhe, noma gcwalisa amahemuhemu isithunzi. Esinye isimo ihlobene ukuphila yomfundi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ofake isicelo ehluleka ukuthatha isinyathelo on isikole ethize, uqala futhi bazuzise nabanye ugculiseke ukuthi umsebenzi akayena ezithakazelisayo.

ukuphendula ukwakheka

Ukujula Psychology Freud kuqokomisa indlela ezifana ukuphendula kumiswa. Kuyazeka ngezindlela ezimbili:

• ukucindezelwa noma ishayela engamukeleki omubi;
• unganakile kwakhiwa amaza okuqukethwe okuphambene.

Ngokuvamile, izindlela olwenziwa empilweni yomphakathi. Ngakho, it is njengento engafanele emphakathini wazwakalisa isifiso sobulili. Ngakho lowesifazana isici esifanayo, bazama ngazo zonke izindlela yokulicindezela ngokwazo. Ukuze uthole isithombe zomphakathi ezinhle, kungase zimkhonze walilwela okuqina ngoba izimiso nezindinganiso zokuziphatha futhi. Kuyefana nasendleleni amadoda bawuphikisa ukuze ubudlelwano yobungqingili, futhi bona babe imikhuba lefanako ngasese.

ekuhlehleni

Regression - lena ngenye indlela ukuzivikela. Psychology lithi kwakuyidili ukubuya ebuntwaneni ukuziphatha ngenhloso ukuze bazivikele uthuthumele nokucindezeleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuba kulonyaka is ukhululekile kakhulu futhi ephephile ngokwesigaba bezibona emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ifomu eziyisisekelo iningi ekuhlehleni angabhekwa ukukhala.

Sublimation

izindlela ukuzivikela kwenqondo Freud futhi zihlanganisa Sublimation. Le ndlela yokwenza evumela umuntu ukuba ashintshe amaza yakhe nezimo zengqondo ukuze ungaboniswa ifomu ukuthi kwamukelekile emphakathini. Ngo Psychology, Sublimation kubhekwa njengento enempilo kakhulu futhi efanele indlela ukuzivikela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indoda Akaxinwa e ukubonakaliswa izinkanuko zabo, kodwa eshintsha ukuma ukuzithoba kwabo kuphela.

Freud, unikezwa ngokucacile theory yakhe, Kwakudida ukukhokha ukunakekela okukhethekile Sublimation we isazela ngokobulili. Kuyinto lesi simanga, ukuthi uhlobanisa kuyanda Amazing isiko kanye nesayensi, nesuka esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Uma lokhu mshini ukwakha ngokoqobo yesimanje, singakwazi zilandise njengesibonelo intsha ukuthi izidingo zabo ezinganeni ngokocansi sublimated e zemidlalo impumelelo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi ulifihle, kaningi ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana abantu ngonya. Ngakho, abantu nge ukuphambuka kanjalo ingaba kahle udokotela ohlinzayo yimpumelelo. Njengoba imicabango enjalo kungaba sublimated ukubhala umphenyi amanoveli.

ekuphikeni

izindlela zokuzivikela zobuntu ngokuvumelana Freud zihlanganisa i-elementi ezifana uyaphika. Ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi umuntu sebekubeke enqaba ngayo ukuqaphela yokuthi ngesigameko izigigaba ezingezinhle. Isibonelo kunazo yesiteleka angabhekwa ukuphendula sengane kokufa isilwane othandekayo. Yena enqaba ukwamukela lokhu kushonelwa uyise, bekholelwa ukuthi isilwane namanje endaweni ethile eduze. Sithola isibonelo esithi asifane kungaba ngenxa ukulahlekelwa othandekayo. Ukwenqaba ukwamukela sobala kungase nenkolelo engokwenkolo ukuthi isihlobo manje uhlala ezulwini, noma umoya wakhe namanje abakhona endlini.

Ngokuvamile ekuphikeni indlela kucushwa uma kuziwa kwezempilo. Ngakho, uzizwa izimpawu isifo, umuntu akwazi ukumane uziziba, ukukholisa ngokwami ukuthi akunakuba kwenzeke kanje. A ukusabela okufanayo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ku sokutholakala ukuthi une-kakade ukuqinisekisile.

Izincwadi ku-Psychology, okuyinto kuwufanele ukufunda

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuntu ukuqala ukuba nesithakazelo kulezi noma ezinye izindlela ukwazi futhi subconsciousness. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokujwayelana umsebenzi wengqondo Freud sasho. Izincwadi, Psychology womuntu okuyinto engcono emelelwa yilezi:

• "Ukwenza psychoanalysis" - lena enye yezincwadi edume kakhulu, eqinisweni, lo msebenzi kubhekwa izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu njengoba sihlanganisa lonke izwe umsebenzi Freud sika. Kukhona ebekwe zoMthetho oyinhloko okuyinto nethonya juqu kwi ukuqhubeka hhayi kuphela wezokusebenza kwengqondo imithi, kodwa nezincwadi.
• "Ukuhunyushwa Amaphupho" - umsebenzi omkhulu, egcwele omunye esivelele kunazo kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Nangu yi yocwaningo by Freud ingxenye equlekile ingqondo elawula wemvelo womuntu, kodwa nzima cwaningo. Lapha, kubhekwe umfanekiso amaphupho, kuyasiza ukuqonda izinkinga, uyesaba izifiso yomuntu.
• "Psychopathology ka Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke" - Lona Ucwaningo lwesibili nenqwaba Freud. Incwadi efanele namuhla, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuyisihluthulelo ekutadisheni kwengqondo. Igxila izisusa equlekile, okuyinto hhayi kuphela ingaba njengesihluthulelo zamandla ashukumisayo, kodwa futhi bavame ukubanga iziyaluyalu ezingokwengqondo.
• "Mina kanye It" - uhlobo iqoqo umsebenzi zokusebenza kwengqondo abangakwazi kubhekwe umvuthwandaba umsebenzi wakhe. Akulula ukuchaza zoMthetho oyinhloko psychoanalysis, kodwa futhi wethule imithombo yabo futhi sekela.
• "Totem futhi Taboo" - umsebenzi lapho Freud, sithembele ucwaningo yayo siqu futhi imfundiso, uzama embule izinkinga of genesis. Ngakho, umlobi sibhekelela indaba isiko, inkolo, ukuziphatha, umthetho kanye nezinye izici umphakathi.
• "Psychology kwabo kanye nokuhlaziywa womuntu" Mina "- kuwumsebenzi lapho Freud wachitha umsebenzi ezibalulekile ukuziphatha isixuku libuye acaciswa isidingo kwabo ekhanda ..
• "Tindzaba phezu Psychology ngobulili" - iqoqo lapho wezifo evusa ezibucayi kakhulu. Kusuka lapha ungafunda mayelana nemvelo kanye izimbangela obuseduze ngeziphambeko ukuthambekela Okuphambene futhi sadism, ubungqingili, nokunye. N.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lena akuyona wonke amabhuku Psychology ukuthi bayakufanelekela ukufunda. Kubalulekile futhi ukufunda umsebenzi nezinye izifundiswa abanombono athe ukuhluka kancane izinto kuka Freud.

okutholakele

Defense izindlela Freud kukhona inhlobo ukusabela unganakile icushiwe ezimweni ezicindezelayo noma besongelwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo isithiyo icushiwe ngabe yikuphi, ibhekisela kwezindleko energy, okuyinto emangalisayo kuthinta ukuzazisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyashelela is a indlela ethile, esikhulu okokufaka amandla idinga, futhi kulapho wahlanekezela ngokoqobo umgomo.

Sikhishwe ubunjalo equlekile ukusabela ukuzivikela, hhayi wonke umuntu angakwazi uliphathe. Nokho, eqaphela ukusebenza umgoqo, umuntu angase abe asebenzise ngamabomu ke esimweni esicindezelayo. ukuthembela okungafanele kule nqubo akudingekile, ngoba kungaba inhlabathi nenzuzo kakhulu ukuvela izinkinga ezingokwengqondo.