Decontamination - Iyini? Kanjani, ukuthi usebona nezindlela wenziwa mercury decontamination noma ngemisebe?

izinto Radioactive kukhona imikhiqizo yokubola izakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali. Abenzi kuphela nethonya elilimazayo emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa futhi washiya uphawu yakhe emkhathini iminyaka eminingi. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kwamazinyo enemisebe i-athomu amandla plant eChernobyl. Naphezu remoteness leli cala, eduze kwedolobha namanje ehlupheka ngemvelo. Ngenxa umthelela izinhlayiya enemisebe abantwana abazalwa nge kombungu esizalweni, abantu abaningi elinegciwane nokugula ngemisebe. Ukuze ugweme kokubhekana nemiphumela ebuhlungu, kubalulekile ukuba afeze decontamination. It kungenziwa zonke abezindaba (umoya, amanzi) e-surface into, umzimba womuntu nokunye. D.

Decontamination - Iyini?

Kusukela egameni lesi Latin elihunyushwe ngokuthi "yokungenzi". Nokho kuningi okusadingeka okungacacile, decontamination - siyini lesi. Igama elithi isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi, kodwa, sihlobene ngokuqondile namaphuzu izinto radioactive. Ngakho yini leli gama libhekisela? Decontamination - inqubo eshanela iyiphi Radioactive yini. izinhlayiya ezilimazayo kungahlanganisa axazulule kunoma iyiphi indawo. Ngokuvamile sebeya kwamanzi, izihlahla, izindlu, esikhumbeni, njll main emisebeni ukuminyana indawo - .. Air, ngawo-molecule zidluliselwa lonke. Kubhekwe le, le ukungaqaliswa - kuyinto magciwane imvelo. Ngaphezu izinto radioactive, kuya izindlela sokungcolisa umkhathi nobukhona akunakubangelwa eziyingozi izakhi zamakhemikhali, isibonelo mercury.

Izindlela ze-decontamination

Ukuziphatha decontamination inqubo kungaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Indlela sokuqala sihilela ukususwa mechanical izinto eziyingozi. Kulula futhi ethengekayo. decontamination Mechanical Kwenziwa ngosizo izindlela ngokurhaba, avame ekhaya. Ngenxa le ndlela, ungasusa izinhlayiya enemisebe kusukela evele lezinto yasendlini, izindonga, amafasitela, iphansi, ezokuthutha kanye nokunye. D. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ndlela isetshenziswa kaningi ukusebenzisa akuphephile njalo. Feza mechanical decontamination izindleko ngokucophelela okukhulu, kuyilapho ukuchitha isikhathi ngangokusemandleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu mbeni ngqo imithi enobungozi, okuyingozi hhayi kuphela lapho sihlala esikhunjeni, kodwa ngisho emoyeni, okuyinto bagcwalisa.

Eyesibili indlela yiyona ukungaqaliswa physico-amakhemikhali. Kuyafana njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni yokuqala, kodwa ngokungafani kancane. Lapho efeza umsebenzi ukusetshenziswa izixazululo zayo ezikhethekile ezenza ngokushesha futhi kangcono ukususa izinhlayiya elimazayo.

Yini edingekayo ukuze decontamination?

Ukuze afeze decontamination imvelo, udinga yokusungula ekhethekile. ukungaqaliswa izindlela ezikhethiwe kuye ngokuthi hlobo yayo. Ngo indlela mechanical zokususa izinhlayiya eziyingozi ezisetshenziswa izinto ezidingekayo ukuhlanza indlu. Hlanza ebusweni ifenisha, iphansi nezindonga kungaba nge cleaner wezindlu, zidwedwe, umshanelo, emabhulashini ehlukahlukene neziponji. Ukususwa kwezimiso ukungcola izingubo usebenzisa kwamanzi agelezayo. Lapho efeza umsebenzi ngokomzimba-chemical decontamination usebenzisa izimpushana, ithebula usawoti, oxalic noma sulfuric acid, baking soda, i-hydrogen peroxide kanye nezinye izixazululo magciwane. Khumbula ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni imfuyo leyingoti imvelo, kumele decontaminated izingubo ezikhethekile. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe kufanele amagilavu eqinile iraba, ubuso - imaski noma ngomshini. In the ukungabikho isidingo ukugqoka ngebhandeshi gauze ehlanganisa izingqimba eziningana. Izingubo awuphonse phezu suit okhethekile noma ingubo. Zisebenziseke amabhuzu enjoloba.

Uyini decontamination ka izinto radioactive?

Okuvame kakhulu izinhlayiya eziyingozi abhekwa imikhiqizo yokubola adi-. Sinenkosi nomphumela deleterious emzimbeni ngenxa yokuthi abanalo ikhono Radioactive imisebe. Lezi izinto angaba khona iminyaka eminingi emkhathini, ngaleyo ndlela kungani leso senzo sabo elimazayo inakekelwa. Sifike ngesikhathi nekhwalithi decontamination emisebeni kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme ukugula ngemisebe. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuqinisekisa wekulihlanta ngesikhathi esifushane ngeke kwenzeke, ngakho into yokuqala edingekayo ukuze kuphunywe abantu ezindaweni eziyingozi. Ngemisebe ingxenye enkulu imvelo ithunyelwa ithimba endaweni ethintekile ezikhethekile, okuyinto ukuqhuba ukungaqaliswa. izinto Sula okwakukhona izinhlayiya enemisebe kungaba ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa sincoma ukusetshenziswa kokubili decontamination mechanical nangokwenyama ikhwalithi. Ukuze ususe kubo kusukela emoyeni, zidinga ukupholisa ngokusebenzisa emafasiteleni, eminyango, khona izimbobo, izihlungi ekhethekile.

magciwane amanzi

Xhumana ne-ejenti abayingozi ebusweni uketshezi kungenzeka ngokuyinhloko noma okwesibili. Uma bewathola amanzi ingcoliswe ekuqaleni, ukusabalala izinto radioactive Ukuboshelwa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunquma amazinga abo ezindaweni eziningana. Phinda ekungeneni senzeka ejenti ayingozi emoyeni, kulokhu ejenti eziyingozi kukhona kokuphelele ebusweni. Decontamination ka ngamanzi esebenzisa sedimentation, ziphuzo zazihluzwa, filtration futhi flocculation. Indlela yokuqala elula, kodwa ivumela kuphela ukususa izinto zingaxazululeki. Lapho coagulating ubumba, phosphate uwuxube umlotha sedimentation okwalandela kuyinto ikhiqize kakhudlwana. nokuhlanzwa Obalulekile bungatholakala okufika amanzi nge isihlabathi, amatshe noma inhlabathi. Indlela qualitative kakhulu kuba ziphuzo zazihluzwa, okuyinto eyenziwa ngokusebenzisa i resin ion exchange. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba amanzi ahlanzekile ngokuphelele kusukela ezinhlayiyeni elimazayo.

mercury decontamination

izakhiwo Iyingozi has amakhemikhali amaningi. Mercury ingenye ejenti ezivamile zokuthelela, njengoba likhona cishe kuyo yonke imizi. It is lisetshenziswe amadivaysi ezokwelapha, ezifana thermometer noma cuff komfutho wegazi (manje ezingavamile). Uma into equkethe mercury abasephula, kumelwe ngokushesha ukuqoqa futhi asuse izinhlayiyana elimazayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kukhukhula noma ukugeza ngendwangu akuvunyelwe ngoba is igqekezwe amabhola amancane. Decontamination mercury edingekayo ukuqoqa ngayo shayela on iphepha elimhlophe, bese efakwa esitsheni uphawu. Ebusweni okwakukhona izidakamizwa kumelwe sihlanzwe isixazululo potassium permanganate, futhi hydrochloric acid. Ngemva kwalokho, igumbi umoya. Kungcono ushayele ongoti decontamination.

Indlela ukususa izinto eziyingozi ezivela isikhumba?

Have umbono walokho isikhumba decontamination nendlela ukuchitha ke, wonke umuntu kufanele. Ngemva contact nge ezinobuthi ezindaweni obala (izandla, ubuso) magciwane kudingeka ukuchitha okungenani amahora angu-6. Ngenxa yale njongo, amanzi agobhozayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu, insipho, isipanji kanzima noma shayela. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa utshwala noma kumakhemikhali awuketshezi, njengoba senze isimo sishube. Izinwele futhi mucosa ngomlomo kumele Hlambulula ingxube citric acid. Eye ukugeza kusuka ekhoneni kwangaphakathi engaphandle.

I esiyingozi ukungaqaliswa kwesikhathi?

Ngemva contact nge imithi enobungozi kunoma iyiphi izinto zemvelo zidinga ngokushesha decontaminated. Ukungabikho noma kunqanda ukungaqaliswa kuholela nemiphumela emibi kulowo umzimba. izinhlayiya Radioactive kubangele isimo ezifana nesifo ngemisebe, ikhambi okuyinto engenakwenzeka kuze kube manje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziyingozi kungathinta impilo inzalo. Ukuhwamuka mercury futhi enobuthi emzimbeni, kuholela kokunqotshwa zonke izinhlaka futhi izinhlelo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, decontamination ngesikhathi esifanele kubalulekile.