CSS: umbala wefonti, izitayela, isizinda, usayizi

Ukuhlela - lokho okubukwayo: ekuqaleni kwakukhona igama, futhi impendulo yayingekho neze. Futhi ngokushesha kwakudingeka ukuba "ushintshe": okokuqala isibuko, khona-ke igama ... Kuleli phuzu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amatafula ezitayela zokugqoka ahle, kodwa kungani ingqondo yonjiniyela ihamba isikhathi eside kangaka? I-CSS yiyo yonke izikhathi ezifanayo eziqala ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sezinhlelo zekhompyutha, kodwa ngombono ohlukile. Ngisho nalapho lezi zakhiwo ziba nombuthano, impindiselo ayizange iyenze.

Ikhasi lesayithi ngamathegi e-HTML angabelwe isigaba esithile sesitayela noma i-ID yesitayela. Iyokuqala ingachazwa kanye futhi ifakwe kunoma yikuphi izikhathi eziningi lapho kudingekile, okwesibili kungokwesigaba esithile.

Incazelo yesitayela jikelele jikelele logic

Ngokwesiko, isitayela kufakwe efayeleni le-CSS, kodwa lingabelwa isici esithile kumfanelo yesitayela sayo. Ungakha isitayela kumadayimani usebenzisa i-JavaScript. Okubaluleke kakhulu akuyona indlela yokuchaza, isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa i- CSS umbala wefonti, ubungako bayo, i-headset, isizinda ngaphansi kwayo, njalonjalo. Indawo yokuchazwa kwesitayela ibalulekile kumongo, ngokuvamile okubili, yemibono: kamuva ichazwa, okubaluleke nakakhulu, futhi uma kuchazwe ngesici, kubaluleke kakhulu. Owokugcina, obhalwe ngokugcwele, ubona ngokucacile ukuthi kwenzekani kuqala.

Faka isitayela ukuze, ngokwesibonelo, umbala othile wefonti ushintshe umbala, ungawenza noma kuphi futhi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Umbuzo uwukuthi, isiphequluli sisabele kanjani kulokhu ekuhambeni konke okushiwo yizitayela. Kuzochitha isikhathi esingakanani ngesikhathi se-CPU?

Okungcono, umbala wefonti kufanele uboniswe kanye kuphela - kungumdala. Ukucabanga ngenye incazelo elula eminye imibhangqwana, futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe ... Yebo, ungakwazi. Kuyinto imfashini, kodwa engenakwenzeka.

Isibonelo sologi jikelele

Kulula kakhulu: uma unqunywa umbala we-CSS wezingxenye ezintathu kuphela, ungathola okungenani izinkinga ezintathu zokudlala isikhathi eside:

# Ele1, # Ele2, # Ele3 {
POSITION: ngokuphelele;
Kwesobunxele: 20px;
Okuphezulu: 14px;
Umbala: obomvu;
}}

# Ele2, # Ele3 {
Kwesobunxele: 90px; // shintsha ukuhlela kwe-CSS ngokuzungezile
Umbala: ophuzi; // shintsha umbala wefonti we-CSS
}}

# Ele3 {
Okuphezulu: 114px; // shintsha i-CSS iqondanisa ngokuqondile

Umbala: oluhlaza; // shintsha umbala wefonti we-CSS futhi

Umbala wendawo yangemuva: i-lightgrey; // umbala wokukhethwa kombhalo we-CSS kuguqulwa, kepha lokhu akukho ku-# Ele1 naku # Ele2; Isikhundla sishintshiwe, kodwa sesivele sashintsha ku- # Ele2 futhi akuthandi lapha

}}

Manje kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi zonke lezi zinto ezintathu zichazwe endaweni ethile, futhi uma kwenzeka ukushintsha ukumelela kombala womnikazi wesayithi, unjiniyela kuzodingeka akhumbule hhayi kuphela ngombala, kodwa futhi ngemithetho yesobunxele nephezulu, futhi ukushintsha kombala kokukhethwa kombhalo akufanele kukhohliwe.

Akubona bonke abathuthukisi abahlonipha imfuneko ye-CSS: isitayela sesihlonzi siyingxenye eyodwa kuphela, nesitayela seklasi lamathegi amaningi, kanti lesi sigaba singachazwa emathekheni njengezichasiselo:

• Setha umbala wefonti ku-CSS - isitayela sendawoColor class;
• Cacisa usayizi wefonti - usayizi wesigaba15;
• Setha isikhundla - isigaba se-PlaceUp.

Ngokwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezihlonzi, ikakhulukazi uma beyingxenye eyodwa yamaketanga, kungcono kunamakilasi ayisitayela wesitayela, ezidwetshwe ezinhlanganisweni ezihlukahlukene ezingaphezu kwezingxenye eziyikhulu zekhasi. Kodwa konke kunomqondo wayo womgomo.

Umthuthukisi nje udinga ukucabangela ngokunembile: uma ngisho nombala wefonti ye- HTML, i-CSS inikeza ukuchaza ngokuqinile, khona-ke ukuguquguquka kwesakhiwo jikelele sezincazelo ngumsebenzi wakhe.

Umphumela olindelwe wokusetshenziswa kwelogi jikelele

Iziphequluli zanamuhla zithuthuka zibhekisela kwinani elikhulu lamafayela wesitayela neminyango yazo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuklama, ikakhulukazi, nge-CSS, umbala wekhasi lonke, umuntu kufanele ahlale ecabanga ngokulingana okunengqondo. Akuyona yonke imithetho yesitayela "eshibhile" bheka kuhlelo lokusebenza. Ukungena kwe-laconic elula: * {umbala: umhlophe;} - ubuhle ngempela, kodwa kusebenza kuzo zonke izakhi zekhasi ngaphandle kokungafani.

Kuzo zonke imithetho i-CSS inayo, ebaluleke kakhulu:

• Isitayela yisigaba, bese igama lakhe liqala ngokuthi ".";
• Isitayela - isihlonzi negama layo liqala ngophawu "#";
• Kwezinye izimo - leli yigama lethegi noma into ekhethekile

Eminye imibono ngokuchaza izitayela (ifa, izimpahla eziqhamukayo, izinto eziza kuqala, isikhundla, ukuhleleka, njll) kufanele zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele futhi zidingekile njengoba kudingeka.

Isiphequluli sizolahlekelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi lokho akuqondi ekuchazeni, ngakho ngeke kube khona izimanga ezikhethekile. Uma into engekho endaweni efanele noma awukwazanga ukusetha umbala wefonti ku-CSS, khona-ke iphutha lisesitayela.

Amathuba angalindelekile

Ungasebenzisi kabi izitayela ezifana ne- {kwesokunxele: 124px; } Noma

Ngalokhu, u-ul ul, ul ul, u-margin-bottom: 0; }}
Umngcele {0}; }}

Nakuba kunzima ukuphoqa ngisho nomthuthukisi we-novice ukusebenzisa imithetho ye-CSS njengoba kunjalo. Njalo ekuthuthukisweni kwanoma yisiphi isayithi, ngisho ne-CSS syntax elula iveza izinkinga ezingalindelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma uqondisa imizamo ekusebenziseni kahle kwe-syntax, kodwa sebenzisa ukusebenza kweJavaScript, izici ezintsha ezingalindelekile kuzokuvumela ukuba ugweme indalo engenazintandokazi zezihlonzi kwento ngayinye noma ukulandela ukuhlukahluka kwesicelo samakilasi wesitayela.

I-CSS ayiyona kuphela isitayela sezitayela ezixhunywe kukhasi ngokusebenzisa ithegi yokuxhuma noma efakwe kuwo ngesitayela sesitayela. Futhi kuyithuba lokudala isitayela ngendiza noma ukushintsha okhona.

Ukusebenzisa i-CSS, umbala wefonti kungenziwa ngokwezifiso. Kanye nosayizi, isikhundla, indents. Isayithi akuyona umgomo wokusebenzisa ulwazi ku-CSS, HTML, PHP noma ukukhanyisa imiphumela ye-JavaScript.

Imithombo yewebhu ngokuyinhloko ulwazi lunikezwa ngandlela-thile. Yingakho i-CSS ibhekwa kakhulu ku-dynamics ngokusebenzisa i-prism yokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani lapho ikhasi lisesevava (lihlala i-PHP uma isivakashi sesifikile kusayithi, hhayi umthuthukisi ngesikhathi sakha isayithi), ifayela lesitayela esifisa Ukuze uthole umbhalo othize, okuqukethwe okwamanje, noma ukudala isitayela noma isitifiketi se-ID ngendiza enkambeni yekhasi uma ibhekwa yisivakashi esithile.

Amandla ashukumisayo

Akudingeki njalo ukubhala ikhodi ye-JavaScript eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze wenze okuqukethwe okunamandla, nokuklama kwayo - okuqukethwe okwanele. Ngezinye izikhathi kwanele ukusebenzisa amathuba atholakalayo ngendlela efanele. Ngokuyinhloko, ngokuchaza umbala wefonti ku-CSS ngombuso we-static, ungafihla umthetho ofihliwe futhi uzibone ngeso lengqondo omunye umthetho (obonakalayo).

Lapha ama-dynamics ayidingi i-algorithm:

// qokomisa inkinobho yokungena ngemvume kusayithi
I-Function scfIyakwamukelaOver () {
I-Document.getElementById ('scDocxNamePiP'). Style.visibility = 'ebonakalayo';
}}

// fihla inkinobho yokungena ngemvume kusayithi
I-Function scfIyakwamukelaOut () {
I-Document.getElementById ('scDocxNamePiP'). Style.visibility = 'kufihliwe';
}}

I-CSS inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zayo zokuguquguquka: ukugijima imigqa, ukukhanya okucacile kwezinto, ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kokugqokwa, ukubonakaliswa, umbala uyafa. Ku-CSS, umbala wefonti ungenziwa ngisho nokuthi akukho mthetho wesitayela onikeziwe.

Ukubonisa okuqukethwe okunamandla

Uma bekungenayo imfundiso, kungenzeka ukuthi ngabe ayikho inqubekela phambili. Akukho lutho okumele luhlukane nalo. I-Hypertext ilethe izimfundiso eziningi emhlabeni. Sekuyisikhathi sokubakhathalela nokuthuthukisa amawebusayithi ngesitayela esibuciko nesisetshenziswayo.

Ekuqaleni kukhona ikhasi (P), okuqukethwe (K) kufakwe kukho, wonke amathegi ekhasi achazwa kwisitayela sesitayela (S). Akuyona into entsha ukudala ikhasi P ngokusebenzisa i-PHP noma i-Perl kuseva, ukhetha i-K kusuka ku-database. Ishidi lesitayela elikhona S linamathele ngokuzenzekelayo. Nokho, i-K ingashintshwa, futhi ezimweni eziningi ukushintsha okunjalo kuzofaka isidingo samanye izitayela, okungukuthi, ku-S +.

Isibonelo, ikhasimende lathi: "Isayithi elichaza impilo yaseMoscow, lizobukeka kangcono uma izihloko zezindaba zihlotshiswe ngesitayela se" ZAZ-Zavtrak ", izincazelo zobusuku obusika ngesitayela se" Las Vegas ", kanye nezihloko ezithuthukayo zesayensi nezeteknoloji ngesitayela se" ModernTechno ". Kodwa uma wenza i-S yalezi zindlela ezintathu, khona-ke akukho siqinisekiso sokuthi ikhasimende ngeke libe nomqondo wokuba neqoqo lezihloko esithi "Izindaba", "Amaholide", "Work", "CSS / HTML" kanye nebhonasi "Isivakashi".

Okunye okusebenzayo enye indlela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isigaba salesi sihloko, kuhlale kuqukethe kuwo okungahle kunemibala embala othile. Lapha kule ndawo kukhona ukucabanga okunengqondo: emva kokuthola i-K ethize, ngisho naseseva ukwenza i-S ewanele, futhi uma isiphequluli sidinga i-P, izothola okuqukethwe okudingekayo ekuklanyelwe kahle.

AmaDynamics wesitayela kusuka eJavaScript

Isixazululo esincane, noma siphumelele kakhulu, senza isitayela ngqo kusiphequluli sekhasimende. Okokuqala, kulayishwa isiphakeli - ngeke kudingekile ukuchitha isikhathi ekubunjweni kwamafayela we-hypertext kanye nesitayela sekhasi.

Okwesibili, ukuchithwa kwemvelo kwesikhashana kwisiphequluli kuzokwenza umphumela wokuthi leli khasi limatasa futhi lisekela ngentshisekelo inkhulumomphendvulwano nomvakashi: nokho engaboni okuqukethwe ngobuningi, ngakho-ke, uzothanda ukukhishwa kolwazi okuqhubekayo nokucabangela.

Okwesithathu, ivumela umthuthukisi ukuthi ahlinzekele indlela yokuvakasha ukuze akhiqize okuqukethwe ngesitayela lapho kuhamba khona. Akekho omunye onakho lokhu.

Ukuze usebenzise lo mbono, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokudala izitayela zezinto ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba ikhasi lilayishwe futhi kusetshenziswe ukusebenza kwalo. Indawo yesimanje i-AJAX ngesimo esisodwa noma enye. Akunzima ukwenza ukwakheka kwezitayela ngqo ekwenzeni umuthi wekhasi. Kuyinto elula, efinyeleleka futhi ephumelelayo, ngoba okuqukethwe kuhambisana nomklamo wayo.

Lokhu akuphikisi ukuthambekela kwamanje ukuhlukanisa ukunikezwa kwedatha kusuka ekucubungulweni kwabo futhi kwenziwa kwidatha eshiya ukuboniswa.

I-CSS njengengxenye esebenzayo

I-Hypertext yaletha okuhle kakhulu, kodwa kuphela ingxenyana encane yolwazi lwemvelo lahlelwa ngempumelelo, amathuluzi nesipiliyoni sokwakha amaphepha aphezulu we-HTML, i-XML, ne-CSS avele. Akuyona inkinga yokwenza imiqulu emisha yolwazi nokushintsha okwenziwe ngaphambilini.

Ngokuphathelene ne-CSS, le nqubo isivele ivuliwe ngokwezimo ezihluke ngokuphelele. Amathuluzi akhiwe ngaphakathi ku-JavaScript, okuvumela ukuba izindiza zidale izakhi nezitayela zezinto, azilindele ithuba elinjalo, futhi abadali be-PHP, ikakhulukazi, bakholelwa ukuthi bahlanganyela ekwakheni amakhasi e-HTML kuphela.

Kokubili kokuqala nesesibili kukuvumela ukuba wenze izitayela zokuhlela. Lesi yisiqondiso esisha emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Izitayela yinto ehlelekile kakhulu kune-HTML noma i-XML, imithetho ilula kakhulu. Isitayela sikhona njalo kolwazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelo ini.

Abahleli be-data processing bahlale behlanganyela ezingxenyeni eziningi ezingakahleleki, kodwa isihloko se-CSS siyinto elula kakhulu, kodwa ngandlela-thile ayizange ifinyelele emkhakheni wokubuka inqubo yokuthuthukisa.

On imfundiso emkhakheni wezinhlelo

Njenge-iceberg, inkolo ayikwazi ukulima isikhathi eside ulwazi lwendawo. Okuhlangenwe nakho okwenziwe ukugxila hhayi kuphela kumazinga we-HTML ne-CSS, amathuluzi okusebenza nabo, ulwazi lwabasunguli.

Umsebenzi olula - ukwenza umbala wefonti ye-CSS - uthole isisombululo sakhe esihle kakhulu. Imithetho, i-syntax, i-logic nokulula ayinakuphikwa. Kodwa ngisho nalapho ungadingi ngempela amafonti amaningi, awudingi imibala eminingi yokwenza noma, ngokujwayelekile, ngezinhloso zokwenza umsebenzi, yonke "amandla" eqoqiwe we-HTML ne-CSS ayidingi nhlobo, isikhathi siyeza lapho ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe luzokhiqiza futhi lubonakala Okuhlangenwe nakho namathuluzi wemfundo yesitayela yemvelo kusuka kokuqukethwe.

Njengoba kuthanda, kungenzeka ukuthi akucaci kahle, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi le nqubo isivele ikhona iyacaca.