Ukumiswa wokufaka izimbobo

Imicimbi, okuyinto ifeza injongo nokuqedwa edonsa amanzi, ukubizwa ngokuthi ekuqiniseni noma wokufaka imigodi. Kwenziwe msebenzi ukuze bavikele yamanzi kusuka kungenzeka ukungcoliswa amakhemikhali noma bacteriological ebusweni. Wokufaka izimbobo lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi "ipulaki" French.

Leli gama libonisa ukuthi, operation, akhishwa ku isixazululo oluqinisa amatshe obumba kwesihenqo uyavikeleka futhi amanzi. Backfill kwenziwa, lapho kahle uphumile emgqeni, kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Njengoba ezisemqoka ezilandelayo:

• Umthombo wagcwalisa phetho;
• ongaceli noma ishiywe;
• izizathu Geological;
• Ngezizathu zezobuchwepheshe,
• izizathu kwemvelo noma zobuchwepheshe.

Incazelo wokufaka zinhlobo

Uma abanye kakhudlwana enemininingwane izizathu Geological, singasho ukuthi kuleli cala, amanzi eyanele kungenzeka umane phezani ukwenza indima yayo, okuyinto kaningi umphumela izinqubo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ngezizathu zezobuchwepheshe - lena kwenzeka lapho edonsa amanzi isikhathi eside ingagciniwe.

Kungenjalo, ingaba njengesihluthulelo iphambene nezimiso lobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi imishini. Umsebenzi kungenzeka kwenziwe nge ukusetshenziswa izinto ezingafanele, isikhathi eside awenzanga ukulungiswa kanye nokugcinwa eyenziwa. wokufaka kwemithombo Kwenziwa ngisho esimweni lapho engayitholi ujenga ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana.

Izizathu ukuqedwa amanzi eyanele

Uma omunye kahle fit izigaba okuye engenhla, kufanele iqedwe, ngoba kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi aquifers uzobe angcolile, futhi ingasetshenziswa ezinye izinto. Ngemva kokufunda "kugcwele Law", ungathola ukuthi yini umsebenzisi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi ukuqedwa omthombo ukuphepha edonsa amanzi.

Imithetho umsebenzi

Esikhathini umsebenzi wokufaka ama ochwepheshe kufanele asebenzise imithetho ngokumiswa wokufaka imithombo Basikisela isidingo umsebenzi design. Kulesi sigaba kubalulekile ukuthola iphasiphothi, equkethe ulwazi mayelana izinhlobo isakhiwo zokuzivikela, kungaba ibhilidi noma isakhiwo saseJapane ukuze caisson. Imibhalo ungathola imingcele futhi izici umdlalo iyunithi, kanye ukungabi noma khona izindlela ngomshoshaphansi.

Okulandelayo udinga ukuba afeze ucwaningo, okuthiwa egawula. Ngenxa yalokho-ke sizokwazi ukucacisa womthombo ukujula, ukuhlola isimo the bezinhlamvu, ikakhulukazi, izindonga. Konke lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthi Umthombo wokubuyekeza. Wokufaka we imithombo Artesian kumele sihambisane kwencazelo imbangela, Ngabe sengabelwa ukuqedwa isigaba.

Along azungezwe umthombo-foot igodi emgodini ububanzi kuzomele 1 m. 30 cm ngenhla phansi yokwemba kufanele usike bezinhlamvu. imishini Drilling uyosihlanza umthombo lezinto angaphandle kanye kudoti.

Ubuchwepheshe umsebenzi

Imithetho ukuvalwa wokufaka imithombo ihlanganisa ukuqaliswa magciwane futhi uhlambulule amanzi eyanele nezixazululo ezikhethekile. Ikholomu isihlungi kufanele embozwe amatshe noma afahlazekile itshe kulo lonke ukujula. Ngokulandelayo, uzilungiselele, wathela usimende. Uma amanzi has ukujula umxhwele, ukugcwaliswa kanye ekuqiniseni kungase alternate.

With ukusetshenziswa usimende wathela umlomo wabe eseya yokuphisa stub. Ukumiswa wokufaka emigodini inikeza luthuli itshe backfill isiguqo. Kufanele kube ngaphansi kwamanzi ngesikhathi 50 cm. Isendlalelo phezulu ungakheka inhlabathi evundile noma ukhonkolo uthele, ke kuzoncika injongo zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Isigaba sokugcina kuyoba edonsa amanzi esuka inhlolovo irejista.

Lapho udinga ukubulawa kahle

Bagibele kanye yamanzi iqala ukuba gush. Ngenxa yalesi ingcindezi ubuso kumele senyukela ku-situ ingcindezi izinkomba abangu kudlulwe. Uma umthombo ufaka 5 imitha umthombo lobuchwepheshe Isidlulisilwazi uketshezi kumele akhishwa kuwo. Ingqikithi yesisindo sezinto lokhu kufanele ukudala ingcindezi ephakeme uqhathaniswa nasemkhakheni yamanzi.

Jamming Uyoqeda ingozi futhi ukuqeda imiphumela yayo, ekuqedeni ingozi Ukuphinda. Ngemva kokuphothulwa yokulungiswa uketshezi Technical akhishwa, olwenziwa ngamanzi, kuphela emva umthombo ingasetshenziswa futhi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukubulala Kwenziwa uvalwe, kulokhu kahle ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu.

wokufaka okunjalo izimbobo kungabanga ukusetshenziswa izindlela amakhemikhali noma yemvelo, kulesi simo umthombo ngeke ezifanele ukusetshenziswa. Ngo kodwa futhi grout ingasetshenziswa njengoba izixazululo ehlukile. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba torpor ezidingekayo futhi zonyaka, kuleso simo uhlelo amuncekela amanzi, kanye caisson luphahlekwa. umcimbi walolu hlobo kwenziwe ezindaweni suburban.

Ukulaxazwa imisebenzi ehlukene

Imithetho ukuvalwa wokufaka imithombo izinjongo ezihlukile ezihilela ukusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kahle wawusomile, kungaba ukugcwalisa odakeni noma ubumba ukuphonsa lonke ukujula. Engineering-Geological, hydrogeological, Kartirovochno Geological nemithombo ngokuhlola eziye bekhonze injongo yabo futhi ungazange ayithelanga imiphumela emihle, luqedwe by okukhipha amapayipi.

Uma emva kokuphothulwa ukwakheka zokukhwabanisa okunjalo akunakwenzeka, kufanele ugcwalise wellbore isihlabathi ahlanzekile nobumba ingxenye overlying nokujikijela, uthele ubumba noma usimende nosimende. Ukumiswa wokufaka kwemithombo izinjongo ezihlukile, kulesi simo okuhlose ukwanelisa service sanitary-epidemiological.

Ngokusho kwabo, kuncike wokufaka kwemithombo kanye ukukhiqizwa ezikhona isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Bona khono lingahlala lingasebenzi, ukuba ligcwele udaka noma ivinjiwe. Kulokhu, ngokugeziswa kungase kwenziwe nge emanzini noma odakeni ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi imishini. I kahle ke ogcwele amanzi kampompi ukuxova umuthi wokugoma, ibe ilingana kathathu umthamo Borehole.

Uma amanzi luphakathi yamanzi, kufanele kube yokugcwalisa isihlabathi ahlanzekile, ivolumu zazo kufanele alingane umthamo wellbore ngaphakathi yamanzi. Ingxenye engenhla ligcwele ikhambi ubumba ziphonswe nobumba ohlangene, a grout ingasetshenziswa njengoba izixazululo ehlukile.

Ukumiswa kwemithombo Artesian

Wokufaka kwemithombo Artesian kungasho ukusetshenzisa ngobumba tampons. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isicelo udaka amafutha, lapho kungekho amanyela. Ukuze kuyo kwakudalwa nge stirrer, futhi edwaleni okuholela is iphuma ubuhlalu, usayizi ngamunye okuyinto kufanele alingane iqupha.

I ubuhlalu omile, ngoba ukuthi kufanele kwesokunxele elangeni. Basuke-ke ibekwe endaweni ukukhiqizwa amayunithi 15 ngesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi amabhola iwe ngokusebenzisa bailer ngaphakathi, ekupheleni okuyinto okumele nibonakala kokuvula valve. Uma usebenzisa le ndlela, laba ababa amabhola kungukuthi oyi-omisiwe. Ngalinye ekukhonzeni kahle ohlangene, kuyilapho ipayipi ophakamayo. Ukuphakama tube kufanele zifinyelele 1.5 m.

Eyesibili indlela yokuqeda i kahle Artesian

Wokufaka Artesian uhlobo imithombo kungaba kwenziwe usebenzisa isixazululo ukhonkolo okulungiselelwe ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi indlela yokuqala akusilo uphuthuma kangaka. Nokho, lesi sitatimende akulungile. Phela, ngezinye izikhathi sidinga wokufaka yesikhashana. Kodwa uma umthombo okumele asetshenziswe ayisekho ke ukuvalwa ayo siyenze ekwenzeni ukhonkolo. Lapho edonsa amanzi isikhashana kufanele kuhlukaniswe, kufanele usebenzise tampons, ngokuthi Packers. Zisetshenziswa phakathi nesifundo yamadwala, leyehlukile ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona ikhule ezimbotsheni nokusasamba. Siyabonga kubo, ungabheka izinga ekuqiniseni idwala.

isiphetho

Sokufeza grouting uzodinga imishini ethile, kuba - a kokuphazamisa metal, futha sokuprakthiza ipayipi. I futha liyadingeka ukumpompa usimende slurry ngokusebenzisa amapayipi sokuprakthiza ukuba kwehliswe kube phansi.