Contemporary umculi American Cindy Sherman: Biography, lokusungula

Ezweni lanamuhla ligcwele ezihlukahlukene ubuciko kanye nekhono lokusungula. Izinjongo abaculi ukudala imisebenzi yabo, bahluke ngokuphelele. Enye into icacile: wonke umuntu ufuna ukuletha into entsha. Othile ngosizo art ufuna ukukhombisa imizwa yabo, umuntu ofuna ukunikela iphasi modicum okuhle. Cindy Sherman wayengomunye walabo abaculi kulabo abaphula eyeqisayo. Wenza inhlekisa izisekelo yesimanje kanye nemithetho, futhi kuba luthando lwakhe.

lokuzalwa

Cindy Sherman wazalwa ngo-1954. Mashi 19 mntwana wazalelwa e Glen Ridge, New Jersey (Emaphethelweni New York). Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe umkhaya wathuthela Huntington, Long Island. Ngo umndeni wakhe nezingane ezinhlanu. Abazali bami babenothando ngalutho ngobuciko. Ubaba kuyinto unjiniyela, nonina - uthisha.

ebuntwaneni

Biography Cindy Sherman iqala emkhayeni omkhulu. Girl kwaba ingane yesihlanu nezokugcina, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi izingane zombili zabe kakade oludonsa futhi kungcono ukuhlala ngokuhlukana. Ubaba wayevame yabonisa nemvelo yakhe eqinile, bese unina kwadingeka azivikele. Omunye walaba bazalwane amadala, uCindy Sherman, Frank eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-27 wazibulala ngenxa yamaphutha ekuphileni kwakhe siqu. The guy ayikwazanga ukuthola indawo yabo phansi kwelanga, futhi lokhu kuye kwaholela ngaba nokucindezeleka okukhulu.

Kakade zisencane intombazane ekuseni uyangithanda izithombe. Yena owembethe ezahlukene, awasalayo kugogo wakhe, lokhu kumenza ukuthi awushintshe zezinwele ngesineke. Wayengalithandi e izithombe amakhosazana nezindlovukazi, njengoba kwenza bonke abanye beminyaka yobudala efanayo, yena owembethe izintokazi ubudala, abathakathi izilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Cindy wakwazi ukudweba ukuthi kamuva washiya isigxivizo ekuphileni kwakhe.

impilo yasesikoleni

Umkhaya Cindy Sherman akazange banezimali ezanele e emfundweni yezingane, ngakho ngo-1972 wanquma ukuya University College e-Buffalo. Kube waqala imidwebo, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana ngabona ukuthi wayengeneme nentshisekelo yokukopisha umsebenzi zabanye abantu, naye wayefuna ukwenza into kokwakhe, ekhetheke kakhulu. Cindy waqaphela ukuthi ikhamera uzokwazi ukukopisha isithombe ingcono kakhulu wakhe, kancane kancane esitshalweni isithombe. Lokhu wamupha igumbi okuningi ugqozi kanye nemibono emisha. Ngo-1977 ethola iziqu University futhi wathola i-diploma.

ekudalweni

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, uqala ukuletha imibono yabo ekuphileni futhi uqala ukusebenza ku iphrojekthi entsha. Wayelethwa okuthiwa Untitled Film Stills, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "Movie ngaphandle igama." Uchungechunge izithombe wakhe omnyama nomhlophe eyanyatheliswa ngo-1980 futhi lalinabashumayeli 69 izithombe. Cindy uqobo isinyathelo njengesibonelo, tembatfo umklami, nengcweti futhi photographer oyedwa. Ngo-1980, wayeka umsebenzi kulo msebenzi, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi-ke kwabonakala sengathi abasebenzi sikhathele siyingcuba.

Samenyelwa nemibukiso ahlukahlukene, kodwa Sherman ecindezelekile ukuthi engalethi imali. Abanye abaculi wathola ncamashi imicabango yabantu efanayo emaphephandabeni, njengoba kunjalo, kodwa Amaholo abo babeyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu elingaphezulu kakhulu kwaleli. Ngawo lowo nyaka, Cindy enquma ukusebenza umbala nesakhiwo esikhulu. project yakhe yesibili uvuse ukusabela okuhlukahlukene okwalandela. Izithombe bathunjwa ebuhlanzweni nezinye izinto "ezimbi", kodwa abantu walithenga ukusebenza.

Ngo-1990, umdwebi has iphrojekthi entsha ebizwa Umlando Ekumeni / Old Izinhloko ( «zomlando Ekumeni / The Old Masters"). Nakuba sakha uchungechunge izithombe umculi wayeseRoma, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo awuhambanga yimuphi Museum noma esontweni. Imisebenzi yabo yena wadala, kuphela sithembele kabusha izincwadi. Futhi uye ekugcineni wayiletha imali yakhe. Wona Sherman wathi lokhu kwenzeke ngoba izilaleli ungasafuni ukubheka "ubuciko yesimanje", babefuna okuthile ngobuqotho ngokwengeziwe futhi efudumele.

Okulandelayo wakhe emsebenzini ngokuthi Sex Isithombe ( «Sex Isithombe"). Ukuze indalo yayo, umculi ngokukhethekile ngaphambilini besilisa wezokwelapha kanye mannequins zesifazane. Njengoba kwezitho zobulili akuzona ubuhle ezahlukene kakhulu, le ntombazane yayingakaze zonke lesifanele. Lokhu kwasiza izifundo zakhe imidwebo. Yena anamatheliswe pubic izinwele futhi upende mannequins ngemibala ehlukene. Sherman nge ebuntwaneni bakhangwa izinto, ecanuzelisayo, futhi lowo msebenzi zako ezisemqoka kwaba ukuthola ukuthi kungani ezizwa isifiso esinjalo.

Lo mbuzo uyaqhubeka walembula ngomsebenzi wakhe omusha Yombango ( «I Yombango"). Wonke umsebenzi wokwakha eligcwele unya, ubudlova kanye izingcezu womuntu abolile inyama. Lokhu kwakwenza le umculi ukuqonda ukuthi ngokwezinga elithile-ke edonsela izindikimba sokufa.

Ngo-1990, yena uzama yena indima umqondisi. movie wakhe ngokuthi Office Killer ( «Killer ehhovisi") ulilethele udumo, kodwa ngeke kube into embi, ngoba lo msebenzi kuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana: amahlaya, horror kanye Thriller. Zonke emoyeni nesikaCindy Sherman.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, owesifazane enquma phindela izimpande futhi ukhiqiza uchungechunge izithombe abadlali asebekhulile. Le phrojekthi ezintsha kubhekiselwa kuye "yesehlakalo kusukela movie ngaphandle igama", lapho amantombazane pretty abalahlekelwe ubungqabavu yabo, fade, kodwa namanje ukugcina ikhubalo ezithile futhi usongo. Ngemva kwalokho, umculi uzama yena ngomfanekiso upopayi. Isithombe Kwatholakala kunalokho kabi futhi ubudlova uma beqhathaniswa kumnandi. Ngo-2000, umdwebi ukhiphe iphrojekthi entsha, okuyinto yabonisa bonke Hollywood bombast. Omningi ukwakheka kanye abicah.

Umdwebi yena uyavuma, bekulokhu nesizotha kakhulu njalo, okuyinto kungani ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi wayefuna yini ukuba umuntu ohlukile. Ngoba bonke sebegqoke izingubo zabo, wigs nebala izingxenye zomzimba, abesifazane kufanele niqaphele kakhulu. Basuke zihlelwe e amakhabethe eziningana.

art Izici

Izithombe lokuqala Cindy Sherman zifane ozimele wokuphila, ngephutha wathwebula ikhamera. Akakaze ekhetha yimuphi umuntu othize ngubani ungathanda ukubonisa emsebenzini wakhe, ekhetha uhlobo oluthile, unesithakazelo kuyo. Zonke izinhlamvu, okuyinto yena kuvezwa kukhona oqanjiwe. Umdwebi kususa yena futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ucela umuntu ukuba amsize. Akazange uhlupho ekufuneni models imiklamo yabo. Cindy wazama nokudubula abangane nezihlobo, ngisho kanye abaqashe umsizi, kodwa akekho kubo, wayengenakukwazi ukusebenza, ngoba akazange ukuthi yini ufuna ngempela ukubona izithombe zabo. Wavele abakwazanga ukukuchaza lokho edinga. Kubo, konke lokho kwase kumnandi, kodwa kwaba umsebenzi UCindy.

Ngokuvamile-ke okubonisa abesifazane babevela ezihlukahlukene zokuphila: ibhizinisi owesifazane ibhizinisi, isifebe, inkosikazi ethile, a simpleton, nosebenzela umtapo noma owesifazane ezimele abanothando. Umsebenzi wakhe akabashiyi ubani nandaba. They are gcwele of idrama, impikiswano ngisho isimo inkanuko, black amahlaya. Cindy ubonisa abantu yesimanje, ukufihla imizwa yabo ejulile ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kuyinto - ukumomotheka zamanga futhi grimaces.

Ukulwela amalungelo emisebenzini

Ezinkondlweni zakhe, umthwebuli wezithombe Cindy Sherman yabonisa izinhlamvu zesifazane: intombazane ihamba Hitchhiking, bekhala odakiwe owesifazane umsebenzi ehhovisi, ingane emzini, inkosikazi esishiywe dengwane. Yiqiniso, i-a baxgeki wabona izithombe izisusa ezilwela amalungelo abesifazane. imiklamo wakhe ubonise ukuthi lingamanga. Ngakho, owesifazane wazama ukubonisa yonke bombast izindima zesifazane nokuziphatha ngezinye izikhathi ezingezona ezemvelo emphakathini wobulili bubuhle. Ngokungafani nezinye bezithombe, uCindy ubelokhu Alondoloza amanga khona ikhamera. ukubukeka kwalo yokudala umhlaba futhi imvelo efana ukushumayela e yobuciko wesimanje. Ngakho uzizwa okwenzekayo abaseduze kwabo.

Uma ithole i-oda entsha kusukela kumagazini Artforum, imifanekiso yalo ezilwela amalungelo abesifazane wavusa nxazonke. Babheka sengathi inkulumo yokulingisa we titfombe emaphephabhukwini kocansi, kuphela Heroine akazange ababukele okuthakazelisayo, kunalokho, babebonakala kabi futhi ukhathele. Ngakho, umculi yesimanje American Cindy Sherman efuna ukubonisa ukuthi ukukhathalela ukuzizwa intombazane ngaphansi kungaqedwa amehlo besilisa. kanzima kanjani ukuphila emphakathini lapho indima esemqoka namanje kungokwalabo amadoda.

ukucutshungulwa ikhompyutha

Lapho edala imisebenzi yakhe Sherman kwadingeka iphendukele computer. Njengoba kucaca ukuthi iningi ikhishwe studio ke ngosizo program e-computer-ke dorisovyvaet ngemuva. Ngu le ndlela umdwebi usebenzisa zokunikeza isithombe yokubukisa ngaphezulu nokuqamba amanga.

nemibukiso

Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhishwa kwe umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu wokuqala - "yesehlakalo kusukela movie ngaphandle igama" - intombazane iza impumelelo. Manje isixuku iphindwa igama elilodwa: Cindy Sherman - umculi. Yena uye wahlanganyela nemibukiso eziningana zamazwe ngamazwe, omunye okwakukhona Venice Biennale. Lokhu mbukiso Ngizizwa ngihlonipheke kakhulu ngokuba abaculi. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, umsebenzi wakhe liye ichonywe eMnyuziyamu odumile Art American "Whitney."

Ngo-2012, ngesikhathi i-New York Museum of Modern Art sabamba umbukiso omkhulu imisebenzi ngokuhlangenwe umculi, okuyinto sanikezelwa weminyaka engu-35 ye-career yakhe.

Ngokungafani nezinye abaculi abaningi, Cindy akusho akhaphele nabangani bakhe abadala, kanye nezithombe zakhe usalokhu New York Metro Isithombe, okuyinto kanye obala ezindongeni umsebenzi wakhe ekuseni.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngo-1984, uCindy Sherman washada nomqondisi France Michel Oder. Kule bomshado izingane umdwebi, nakuba yona yaliyisa indodakazi yakhe Michelle. Base behlukana. Kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2011, Cindy babenobuhlobo umculi abanamakhono uDavide Byrne.

umsebenzi

Ngo-1980 umsebenzi umculi osemusha kwakuqala ukwanda emhlabeni, futhi ngo-1995 i-Museum of Modern Art uthenge yonke uchungechunge "yesehlakalo kusukela movie ngaphandle igama" ukuze $ 1,000,000, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, omunye izithombe zakhe lathengiswa $ 190.000. Ngo-1997, umculi odumile Madonna Uye waqikelela embukisweni wakhe "Izithombe kusuka ifilimu ngaphandle igama."

Yiqiniso, singasho ukuthi isithonjana, setha isitayela 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, kwaba Cindy Sherman. Isilinganiselwa yomsebenzi wakhe kuphezulu kakhulu. Ohlwini "abantu abaningi abanethonya emhlabeni art" endaweni 7th. Ngo umsebenzi wakhe, wayenomuzwa usezuze phezulu kakhulu. Akuwona wonke umculi kungaba ozibongayo ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe - ezindala nezintsha - bayindlala kakhulu. Okwamanje, uCindy Sherman iyona umdwebi odumile nezinethonya emhlabeni. Akekho izithombe ke azithengiswa ngaphansi kuka- $ 50,000. Nokho, abayithandayo nesikaCindy Sherman ngokuvamile ufuna ukuthola isethi egcwele emsebenzini walo.

endalini

ngenzuzo Lonyaka Cindy Sherman kusukela yokuthengisa imisebenzi yakhe e-indali esikhathini kusuka 2000 kuya 2006 zazisuka $ 1.5 million ukuze $ 2.8. Ngo-2007, lakhuphuka lafika ku $ 8.9 million. Photo Sherman "Untitled # 96" (1981) wadayiswa endalini ngoba $ 3.890.500.

Lo msebenzi livele ohlwini izithombe kakhulu ezibizayo. Lowo mdwebo sentombazane sidindilize, okuyinto ubambe ucezu iphephandaba isikhangiso ngezothando. Sherman sibekwa umsebenzi wabo okunenjongo. Innocent intombazane, enesizungu futhi iheha kangaka, futhi lokhu sephepha isimemezelo amaziyo, bathi akakabi ithole ngokugcwele namandla inhlangano isibongo sasekhaya uyaphupha ukugqashula niye nibahlangabeze adventure.