Art. 25 yoMthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa kwamaLungelo Abathengi ', Litigation

Cishe yonke imisebenzi womuntu manje ilawulwa imithetho imithetho State ethile. I Russian Federation kungekho okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho kule ndaba. ERussia, namuhla kukhona uhlelo impela zomthetho, izinhlinzeko zoMthetho zazo wokuxhumanisa ezisemqoka bokuba khona labantu wonke umbuso. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma isiphi isenzo normative - kungcono nje ifomu yokukhuluma wosesho eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi wenziwa endaweni ebanzi, okuthiwa umthetho. It ikhona njengenkampani "iphuzu" kwesikhathi samakhono abantu, kanye nezinhlinzeko olubanzi emaphepheni angokomthetho.

Ukubonakaliswa okukhulu amalungelo kukhona amalungelo abathengi. Lesi sikhungo uchaza ikhono labantu kule nqubo ye nokuxhumana emakethe ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo + zabo siqu. Amalungelo abathengi basuke abazalwa amele amakhono ngazinye lezi abadlali. Kodwa siyaqonda ukuthi kungenzeka noma yimaphi amalungelo wephule noma inselele abanye. Ngakho sivumele isishaya-mthetho, uyazi iqiniso ukubaluleka ezehlukile esigcawini umthengi, dala izinhlaka ezithile zokulawula ukuthi ukudala imodi Ukuvikelwa timphawu letitinkhomba lolu hlobo izifundo. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwamalungelo abathengi kukhona yiSigaba 25 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukuvikelwa kwamaLungelo Abathengi ', okuyinto longitudinally ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa umkhuba zokwahlulela.

Izici Law Institute

RF uMthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa Consumer Rights" - a normative, obubhalwe ukubonakaliswa sikhungo eponymous. Yena, kuyinto iqoqo izindlela futhi izinyathelo okuyilo isakhiwa ngumbuso ukuze iqondise ubuhlobo phakathi kwabathengi nezinhlangano ibhizinisi. Ngakho isici esiyinhloko ubuhlobo obunjalo ilitshe ngalo umsebenzisi baxhumana. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi Institute buyasibekela kuphela lezo zikhathi lapho umuntu ethola izimpahla ukuze kuhlangabezanwe azidingayo njengokuthi yasendlini nokunye. D. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke sikwazi ukukhuluma mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu ubudlelwane umthengi.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukudlala ngqo isihloko ukuxhumana okunjalo. umnyango umthengi Social - iyona abadlali ehola emakethe, ngaphandle ezimane kwakungeke funa. Ngakho-ke, amakhono abo kanye nenkululeko senzo kumele njalo avikelwe. Kungenjalo, umnyango wezokuhlalisana emakethe umthengi uzoma ukuhambisa izimfuno zazo.

Regulatory yobunzima Institute

RF uMthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa Consumer Rights" - isiqondiso ukhiye, izinhlinzeko zoMthetho okuyinto alawule ubudlelwane emkhakheni okukhulunywa yizenzo zabantu. Itjhuguluko mpo kuyinto ANP asebenzayo ukhiye. Ngesikhathi kwezinkambiso efanayo umthetho federal umgogodla, okungukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, ayisixhumanisi kwezinye izenzo nesimo. Noma kunjalo, izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Federal yakhelwe ngendlela ukuthi zihambisane nemithetho komthetho ezinye izenzo kanye nezimboni zomthetho. Uma sikhuluma ngokukhethekile mayelana nanoma yisiphi isikhundla ezithakazelisayo NPA ke ngakho art. 25 yoMthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa kwamaLungelo Abathengi. Leli lungiselelo usungula amalungelo abathengi amathuba esiyingqayizivele ukuqaliswa inkontileka yokuthengisa emakethe.

Izici sihloko

Art. 25 yoMthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa kwamaLungelo Abathengi 'iqukethe izici ezithile ezingukhiye umhlanganyeli ajwayelekile ubudlelwane ukuhweba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona uhlelo sasivumela olubanzi imikhuba zokwahlulela ezithinta udaba kuze kube manje. Ngakho, i-athikili 25 yoMthetho ukunika ilungelo umthengi ukubuyela izimpahla. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa lesi sici kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Kulesi sihloko kungaba hhayi kuphela kwesokudla ukubuyela izimpahla. Ingxenye yesibili kuyinsakavukela likhombisa inani lemali isinxephezelo. Ngakho, cabanga art. 25 yoMthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa Consumer Rights" kufanele ikhishiwe ngokuhlaziya ngamunye isici wakhe. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi siqonde kangcono zonke ezicashile Institute.

Ukuvikelwa Umthengi. Ilungelo lomthengi ukushintshanisa impahla

Yilelo nalelo lungu wemakethe zamanje has a lot of amathuba. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, amalungelo umthengi Russian okwamanje eyanele ebonakaliswa ngesilinganiso Isigaba 25 soMthetho. Kule ngxenye yokuqala ukuhlinzekwa ephawula ithuba elingavamile yanoma yimuphi umthengi ukushintshanisa izimpahla. Kulokhu, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi esikhundleni kwenziwa ezimweni ezimbili:

• singenele lomkhiqizo;
• izimpahla ayifanele ukuthi umthengi kunoma iyiphi ipharamitha, ezifana isitayela, usayizi, imibala nokunye. n.

Ngakho, amalungelo umthengi Russian ku exchange of imikhiqizo akugcini izinga ukukhiqizwa yayo. Sivumele isishaya-mthetho inikeza ngezinye izindlela isicelo isakhiwo zomthetho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqaliswa ophelele walelo izithakazelo ngabanye. Kodwa siyaqonda ukuthi iyiphi inqubo engokomthetho Kwenziwa kuphela khona kwezici ezithile.

ngokuya lokushintshisana

Buyela umkhiqizo futhi uthole kungenzeka entsha kuphela ezimweni lapho lomthengi kuhlangatshezwene nakho futhi kunamaphuzu athile ukuthi Lisinikeza RF uMthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa kwamaLungelo Abathengi. Art. 25 ubonisa uhlu elandelayo izimo ukuthi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba bashintshisane izimpahla, okuyilezi:

• Okokuqala, emva kosuku lokuthenga ingeqi kwezinsuku ezingu-14;
• okwesibili, umkhiqizo kwakungelona esetshenziswa;
• Okwesithathu, umkhiqizo agcinwayo ezakheke kanye izakhiwo ezidingekayo ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwaso phambili;
• wesine, ukulondolozwa zonke izimpawu ezidingekayo, amalebuli noma ezinye izakhi efanayo;
• Okwesihlanu, umthengi has ebulawa idokhumenti kokuqinisekisa sokuthenga.

Lolu hlu lezimo oluphelele, okufakazela Article 25. Ilungelo umthengi kuya ngempahla aqinisekisiwe futhi kuqinisekiswe, kodwa efakwe ohlwini amaphuzu kufanele ncamashi uyalandelwa.

imbuyiselo indlela

Ngaphezu nekwetfula indlela lwezomthetho ngempahla, kukhona futhi inguqulo ehlukile izenzakalo akhiwa sivumele isishaya-mthetho. Ngokusho ingxenye 2 isihloko. 25 yoMthetho "On ukuvikelwa umthengi abathengi 'unelungelo befuna kubuye imali esenzelwe izimpahla, hhayi ukulishintsha. Yiqiniso, isicelo kuleli lungiselelo futhi kudinga izici ezithile ezingokomthetho noma izimo. Nokho, kakhulu kungenzeka imbuyiselo has nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni nezimfundiso walesi sikhungo yokuvikela amalungelo abathengi e Russian Federation. Ukuba khona umthetho onjalo kuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa isimo ezakhamuzi zayo, kanye nendima yabo emisebenzini yokuhweba, okuletha lizwe eziningi izikhathi ezinhle.

Imibandela yokuthola imali

Yiqiniso, ukubuya izimpahla ngumthengi kanye sokuthola umdayisi elikhokhiwe ngayo lemali awutholakali kuphela ngokusebenzisa isifiso umthengi. izimo ezithile ezidingekayo ukuze ukuqaliswa indlela enjalo, ukuthi akukho njalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze bathole izimali, kunezinto eziningana okudingeka amaphuzu alandelayo, okuyilezi:

• -product efanayo nalena ayitholakali okudayiswayo ngesikhathi inkomba umthengi nomthengisi;
• umthengi kutlhoga ukubuya kuphela lemali ukuthi kukhokhelwe izimpahla.

Uma ithuba ukuze ibuyisele le mali likhona ke umthengisi ubophekile ukuba lelisu phezu ezinsukwini ezintathu ezizayo emva isikhalo oqondile. Kungenjalo, umsebenzisi angakwazi ukubhala kuso isikhalazo kuziphathimandla ezifanele. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi leli lungiselelo akuyona impoqo. Ukusetshenziswa Its ivumela khona izivumelwano ezithile phakathi umthengi kanye nomdayisi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvumelana kwabo bobabili, imali izimpahla ayikwazi wabuya. Kunalokho, umdayisi ngeke ulinde into efanayo ngaphambi ke ngokushesha azise umthengi.

Izimpahla ukuthi awekho ngaphansi lokushintshisana

Isigaba 25 yoMthetho RF "Ngo Ukuvikelwa Consumer Rights" kuhlanganisa okwashiwo ukuthi uhulumeni waseRussia has ithuba ukusungula ukuvinjelwa ukubuya uhlobo oluthile izimpahla. Izitatimende ngazo ethulwa ohlwini ekhethekile. Ngaphansi amalungiselelo aso kukhona amakha imali engeke ibuye ekhokhelwa, izimonyo, izindwangu, imikhiqizo zamakhemikhali, ifenisha, amakhemikhali zinambuzane, izitshalo, izikhali, izilwane, nokunye. N. Uhlu pretty big, ukuthi ezimweni eziningi ethula umthengi ezejwayelekile badideke ngokuphelele. Ngempela, kulesi simo, nawu umbuzo: yini imikhiqizo kungashintshwa nhlobo? Ngu ngokwayo, uhlu sinikezwe inqwaba amaphutha zomthetho. Nazo ngokufanayo, benqotshwa enqubeni womsebenzi zokwahlulela ezimweni mayelana nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abathengi. Ezimweni eziningi, isicelo amalungiselelo Article 25 kanye nohlu amajaji senziwa ngesisekelo ulwazi kwabo komuntu siqu kanye nemibono subjective ngazo zonke izimo icala.

Kuyini ukuthengwa akude, futhi siyini isimo salo engokomthetho?

Kufanele kuqashelwe: Art. 25 yoMthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa Consumer Rights" kusho inqubo ejwayelekile yokufuna kwezimpahla, okungukuthi isivumelwane siqu ukudayiswa, kuyinto inkontileka eyejwayelekile. Nokho, kukhona Article 26.1 zoMthetho Federal. It is agibele amahhashi akude yokufuna indlela izimpahla. Okwamanje idinga kakhulu ukunakwa, njengoba ukuthengwa izinto ngokuya abayizimpumputhe. Eqinisweni, umthengi akufanele ekuqaleni ujwayelene zonke izici kwesakhiwo and qualitative lokhu noma ukuthi into. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo ezikude ukuthenga kuqinisekiswa Iqiniso ukulethwa kwezimpahla indawo yomthengi.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba bashintshisane ukuthenga akude?

Article 26.1 zoMthetho Federal iyona prototype zoMthetho Article 25. Njengasendabeni yabase nge ukuthenga ezivamile, uma kukhona kungenzeka eqhelile ngempahla. Ukwenqabela izimpahla ngesisekelo Article 26.1 zingaba eduze usuku ukudluliselwa kwawo, kanye ngemuva. Esimeni sesibili, isaziso lokukhansela umthengi kumele kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezingu-7 ilandelana. Ngokuqondene nemibandela ngempahla, zingabantu ezifana nalezo okusesihlokweni esithi 25 yomthetho kahulumeni. Ngaphezu kokuxoxa umthengi angacela ukubuya kwezimali ezivela umdayisi.

isiphetho

Ngakho, esihlokweni sahlola yiSigaba 25 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukuvikelwa kwamaLungelo Abathengi ', kanye nobuhlobo bayo nezinhlinzeko iziqondiso 26.1 ka esisodwa olusemthethweni. Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izindleko ngqo anele esisebenzayo umkhakha umbuzo lo ngempahla nemali emuva ngoba. Ngempela, inqubo ukuxazulula nale nselele kuthinte izithakazelo kokubili abathengi kanye lebhizinisi. Ukunikeza umuntu kulesi simo akunakwenzeka, ngoba zombili abamele eqinile emakethe. Ngakho-ke, lo mshini kwesicelo wemithetho kumele njalo ithuthukiswe, kangangokuthi angabangela nazo zonke izithakazelo abahilelekile.