Anatomy of the esiswini. Sakhiwo umsebenzi esiswini womuntu

esiswini Human - kwesigubhu main ukugcina umzimba ukudla. Uma umzimba akanawo amandla angako, njengoba isisu, sasidla ngaso sonke isikhathi, hhayi nje izikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku. Iphinde uqokomisa nenye acid, isikhwehlela kanye ama-enzyme ezisiza ukugaya sanitize ukudla kwethu ngesikhathi isitoreji.

anatomy okwedlulele

Uyini isisu ebantwini? Lokhu laphetha, isitho eziyize. Lapho esiswini kubantu? Itholakala ngezansi diaphragm engxenyeni kwesokunxele esiswini.

Isakhiwo imizimba yabantu kangangokuthi esiswini itholakala phakathi emphinjeni futhi duodenum.

Isisu - yingxenye enwetshiwe yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini, okuyinto has simise inhlendla. ungqimba zayo zangaphakathi ugcwele imibimbi, eyaziwa kithi njengoba imibimbi (noma emphethweni). Kuyinto lezi emphethweni avume ukuba welulela angena kuso izingxenye ezinkulu ukudla, okuyinto ke buthule ihamba enqubeni wokugaya ukudla.

Ngo ifomu bese umsebenzi, kokubili abantu kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine:

1. emphinjeni uxhuma esiswini endaweni encane ebizwa ngokuthi cardia. Kuyinto ewumngcingo, tube-like ingxenye, okuyinto ludlulele ngaphakathi komgodi ngobubanzi - emzimbeni esiswini. Cardia siqukethe le ephansi sphincter ngomphimbo, kanye iqembu imisipha izicubu okuyinto ungenwa ukugcina ukudla acid esiswini.

2. senhliziyo ahlukaniswe ludlulele ngaphakathi emzimbeni esiswini, esiyingxenye central okuyingxenye futhi eliphakeme.

3. nje ngenhla esifundeni oluyingungu umzimba njengoba phansi yayo.

4. Lapha umzimba pylorus. Le ngxenye uxhuma nesisu duodenum futhi iqukethe sphincter pyloric olawula ukugeleza kancane kugaywe ukudla (chyme) kusukela esiswini futhi zibe duodenum.

anatomy ezincane isisu

ukuhlaziywa ezincane ubonisa isakhiwo esiswini, it is eyenziwe eziningana izingqimba ahlukene kwezicubu: le mucosa, submucosa, futhi imisipha serous.

mucosa

Isendlalelo kwangaphakathi yenziwe yonke ngamafayela we esiswini mucosa kuyinto elula EPITHELIAL izicubu nge sebuningini exocrine amaseli. ikhule ezimbotsheni Small abizwa ngokuthi imigodi esiswini aqukethe exocrine amaseli amaningi akhiqiza ama-enzyme kanye hydrochloric acid esiswini. amaseli lwamafinyila asezindaweni ezikahle kulo lonke mucosa futhi imigodi esiswini, secrete isikhwehlela ukuvikela isisu kusuka uketshezi ayo wokugaya ukudla. Ngenxa ka-imigodi ukujula mucosa esiswini kungase ukushwaqa, engesiyo le mucosa nezinye izinhlaka pheshana emathunjini.

I we mucosa ukujula kuyinto ungqimba elincanyana kwemisipha bushelelezi - plate kwemisipha. Lokho-ke wakha imibimbi futhi kwandisa ukuxhumana mucosa okuqukethwe isisu.

Emhlabeni mucosa unenye ungqimba - submucosa. Siqukethe ezicutshini, kwakheka imithambo yegazi nezinzwa. izicubu zezinzwa ukusekela mucosal isakhiwo kanye ixhume ku-ungqimba kwemisipha. Submucosal liningi igazi kuqinisekisa supply kwezakhi ezindongeni esiswini. izicubu Nervous ku submucosa okuqukethwe isisu Izilawuli futhi uphatha imisipha bushelelezi futhi uketshezi izidakamizwa wokugaya ukudla.

ungqimba kwemisipha

Isendlalelo imisipha ye submucosa esiswini ozungezayo futhi ngaphezulu mass esiswini. ipuleti kwemisipha sakhiwa 3 zamatshe bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu. Lezi izingqimba kwemisipha bushelelezi ivumela nesisu inkontileka, ukuze uhlanganise ukudla bese ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.

serosa

Olwelwesini esiswini, ezizungezile kwemisipha izicubu ubizwa ngokuthi serosa, eyenziwe elula epithelium squamous kanye ezicutshini okuxekethile. ungqimba Serous has a bushelelezi, endaweni eshelelayo futhi ukukhishwa ketshezi, imfihlo lwamanzi, eyaziwa ngokuthi uketshezi serous. Smooth, ebusweni emanzi ulwelwesi serous kusiza ukuvikela esiswini kusukela ukuhilizisana phakathi nokwanda kwalo njalo nokuncipha.

anatomy isisu abantu usuphelile manje ucishe ecacile. Konke ezichazwe ngenhla, cabangela kancane kamuva imidvwebo. Kodwa okokuqala, siyowuqonda, yiziphi nemisebenzi esiswini womuntu.

isitoreji

Emlonyeni thina ukuhlafuna futhi asenze ukudla okuqinile kuze kuba mass homogeneous kokuba ukuma ibhola elincane. Lapho senza zigwinye ibhola ngalinye, kancane kancane sidlula emphinjeni kuya esiswini, lapho kugcinwa kanye lonke izingxenye ukudla.

Umthamo esiswini womuntu kuyahlukahluka, kodwa esimaphakathi uyakwazi aqukethe 1-2 amalitha ukudla liquid esisiza ukugaya. Lapho esiswini sisalokhu eziningi ukudla, kungaba sigcine 3-4 amalitha. isisu distended okwenza nzima ukugaya. Kusukela ngalo ingaphakathi abakwazi kalula ibe ngu- uhlanganise ukudla ngendlela efanele, kuholela umuzwa ukungakhululeki. Umthamo esiswini womuntu futhi incike yobudala kanye nesimo umzimba.

Ngemva ingaphakathi esiswini uye wagcwala ukudla, kugcinwa amanye amahora 1-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, esiswini uyaqhubeka inqubo wokugaya ukudla, eqale e-umlomo futhi ivumela amathumbu, amanyikwe, nenyongo sesinye futhi isibindi waqala ukulungiselela ukuqedela inqubo.

Ekupheleni kwe-sphincter esiswini pyloric elawula ukuhamba ukudla emathunjini. Njengomthetho, ngokuvamile uvala ukugcina ukudla inyumbazana ngenxa esiswini. Uma chyme isikulungele ukushiya esiswini, le sphincter pyloric kuvula ukuvumela esincane ukudla undigested kudlule singene duodenum. Phakathi 1-2 amahora, le nqubo iyaphindwa kancane kuze, kuze kube yilapho wonke ukudla okugayiwe eshiya esiswini. Kabuthaka ukukhululwa kwe chyme ekusizeni ukubola bayifaka izingxenye zalo, wandise ukugaya kanye ukumuncwa kwezakhi esiswini.

uketshezi

Esiswini ukhiqiza futhi igcina eziningi izinto ezibalulekile ukulawula ukudla ukugaya. Ngamunye wabo wenza exocrine noma endocrine lamaseli mucosa.

Esiswini exocrine umkhiqizo eyinhloko juice esiswini - inhlanganisela isikhwehlela, hydrochloric acid ama-enzyme. juice esiswini ixubene ukudla nesisu zisiza ekugayeke-.

Akhethekile amaseli exocrine mucosal - amaseli lwamafinyila isikhwehlela elondolozwe ku emphethweni futhi imigodi esiswini. Lokhu isikhwehlela ubabonisa ngokusebenzisa surface mucosal, wamboza lesisu obukhulu, amelana isithiyo acid kanye enzyme. isikhwehlela esiswini futhi abacebile ion Bicarbonate okuyinto iwukudambisa pH-Isici esiswini acid.

amaseli parietal e imigodi esiswini, esikhiqiza izithako ezimbili ezibalulekile: isici eziwumgogodla futhi hydrochloric acid. Isici eziwumgogodla kuyinto glycoprotein oluhlanganisa ukuba vitamin B12 esiswini futhi kusiza ukuba amuncwa emathunjini amancane. Vitamin B12 kuyinto eyisakhi esibalulekile kumiswa erythrocyte.

I-acid esiswini womuntu ivikela umzimba wethu ngokubulala namagciwane abangela izifo ukuthi zikhona ukudla. Iphinde kusiza inhlabamkhosi amaprotheni, waliguqula kubo kwifomu enemininingwane okungukuthi kulula ukusingatha enzyme. Pepsin - enzyme eziswini amaprotheni lisebenza kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya hydrochloric acid esiswini.

amaseli Primary atholakala imigodi esiswini ukukhiqiza enzyme ezimbili wokugaya ukudla: pepsinogen futhi lipase esiswini. Pepsinogen-molecule ngaphambi inamandla kakhulu, iprotheni eziswini enzyme - pepsin. Njengoba ngabe pepsin wabhubhisa amaseli main ukuthi abazikhiqizayo kanye okufanayo, alibeke ngasesitha ngesimo pepsinogen, engesiyo yingozi. Lapho pepsinogen iyathintwa nge-esidi pH-factor, okuyinto kuqukethwe esiswini acid, lishintsha ukuma iba esebenzayo pepsin enzyme iguqula amaprotheni ku-amino acid.

lipase esiswini kuyinto-enzyme okuyinto digests amafutha, kokukhipha acid okunamafutha kusukela molecule triglyceride.

G-amaseli isisu - amaseli endocrine elise ngasesinqeni se imigodi esiswini. G-cell akhiqiza i-hormone okuthiwa i-gastrin emgudwini wegazi ekuphenduleni ezishukumisa eziningi, ezifana amasignali kusuka emsipheni vagus, khona-amino acid esiswini amaprotheni kugaywe noma esisuka odongeni esiswini ngenkathi bedla. Gastrin enqamula egazini ukuze ezahlukene yokwamukela amaseli azungeze esiswini, futhi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko - ukuze sikhuthaze wesinye esiswini imisipha. Imiphumela yomdlavuza gastrin kuholela ekwandeni e esiswini acid uketshezi, okuyinto ngcono ukugaya. Gastrin ukushukuma kwemisipha bushelelezi kunomthelela Kufinyeta eqinileyo isisu kuvulwa sphincter pyloric ukuhambisa ukudla singene duodenum. Gastrin futhi kusukumisa amaseli kwamanyikwe kanye nenyongo sesinye, lapho kwandisa uketshezi juice futhi Bile.

Njengoba ubona, umuntu enzyme esiswini yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ukugaya.

ukugaya

Ukugaya esiswini zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ukugaya mechanical futhi amakhemikhali. Mechanical ukugaya - hhayi nje nihlukana ezingokomzimba mass ukudla zibe yizicucu ezincane, futhi amakhemikhali - ukuguqulwa zishintshe emikhulu zibe amangqamuzana amancane.

• ukugaya Mechanical kungenxa isenzo kuhlangana odongeni esiswini. imisipha bushelelezi yayo inkontileka, ngakho izingxenye ukudla axutshwa nezinkolelo juice esiswini, okuyinto kubangela ukwakheka uketshezi obukhulu - chyme.

• Nakuba ukudla okuxubile ngokomzimba juice esiswini, ama-enzyme samanje therein amakhemikhali ninamathele molecule ezinkulu ku subunits ezincane zayo. lipase esiswini ahlahlele amafutha triglyceride ku-fatty acid kanye diglycerides. Pepsin iphula amaprotheni ezincane amino acid. noqhekeko Chemical, kuqalile esiswini, akusho bagcina nje chyme ongawi emathunjini.

Kodwa umsebenzi esiswini yomuntu ayigcini ukugaya.

hormone

Umsebenzi we esiswini olawulwa yenombolo hormone elawula ukukhiqizwa esiswini acid ukukhululwa ukudla singene duodenum.

• Gastrin wenziwe G-amaseli isisu, kwandisa umsebenzi wayo by inkanuko ukwanda isibalo juice esiswini ekhiqizwa, imisipha nokulahla isisu ngokusebenzisa sphincter pyloric.

• Cholecystokinin (CCK) wenziwa mucosa duodenal. Ingabe i-hormone kubamba bethulula isisu ngokunciphisa sphincter pyloric. CCK ikhishwe ekuphenduleni ukudla ocebile amaprotheni namafutha, kunzima kakhulu ukugaya umzimba. FCS ivumela ukudla esiswini eside ligcinwe ukugaya ngokuphelele futhi ukunika isikhathi kwamanyikwe kanye nenyongo sesinye ukukhulula Bile kanye enzyme ukuthi kugayeke ku duodenum.

• Secretin - enye i-hormone ekhiqizwa yi-mucosa duodenal, ngemishini asidi we chyme ivela esiswini emathunjini. igazi Secretin sidlula esiswini, lapho kubamba ukukhiqizwa of juice esiswini exocrine nezindlala mucosa. Secretin ezizokhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana juice pancreatic futhi Bile, aqukethe Bicarbonate ion antacids. Inhloso secretin liyisivikelo emathunjini kusuka emiphumeleni elimazayo chyme acid.

Isisu womuntu: ukwakha

Ngokusemthethweni, thina sebekujwayele anatomy futhi umsebenzi esiswini womuntu. Ake sicabangele ngendlela umfanekiso, esiswini lapho umuntu nokuthi uluhlobo luni.

Umdwebo 1:

Lo mfanekiso ubonisa esiswini womuntu, okuyinto isakhiwo angabhekwa kabanzi. Kukhona ibhalwe:

1 - emphinjeni; 2 - ephansi sphincter ngomphimbo; 3 - cardia; umzimba 4- esiswini; 5 - phansi esiswini; 6 - serosa; 7 - ungqimba longitudinal; 8 - ungqimba isiyingi; 9 - ungqimba etshekile; 10 - ugobile okukhulu; 11 - emphethweni ulwelwesi lwamafinyila; 12 - ngalo ingaphakathi we pylorus; 13 - Isiteshi pylorus; 14 - sphincter pyloric isisu; 15 - duodenum; 16 - umlindisango; 17 - ugobile encane.

Figure 2:

Kulesi sithombe anatomy isisu iyabonakala ngokucacile. Izinombolo zabhalwa

1 - emphinjeni; 2 - i-fundus esiswini; 3 - emzimbeni esiswini; 4 - ugobile ezinkulu; 5 - umgodi; 6 - umlindisango; 7 - i-duodenum; 8 - ugobile elincane; 9 - cardia; 10 - okuhlangana gastroesophageal.

Figure 3:

Ibonisa anatomy isisu kanye indawo lymph yakhe ISIZINDA. Izinombolo zivumelana:

1 - iqembu engenhla zamanzi; 2 - iqembu pancreatic ka ISIZINDA; 3 - iqembu pyloric; 4 - ephansi iqembu pyloric ISIZINDA.

Figure 4:

Kulesi sithombe ungabona isakhiwo odongeni esiswini. Kukhona ibhalwe:

1 - serosa; 2 - ungqimba longitudinal kwemisipha; 3 - isiyingi imisipha ungqimba; 4 - mucosa; 5 - ungqimba longitudinal kwemisipha mucosa; 6 - isiyingi ungqimba kwemisipha mucosa; 7 - yezindlala epithelium mucosal; 8 - imithambo yegazi; 9 - yensimbi esiswini.

Figure 5:

Yiqiniso, isakhiwo ukugqoka imizimba yabantu sibalo zokugcina ayibonakali, kodwa indawo eseduze isisu emzimbeni angabhekwa.

Lesi sithombe ngempela ezithakazelisayo. Lapha ayiboniswa anatomy isisu womuntu noma into efana naleyo, yize kwezinye izingxenye kungaba namanje kubhekwe. Lesi sibalo sikhombisa ukuthi isilungulela, nokuthi lapho kwenzeka.

1 - emphinjeni; 2 - ephansi sphincter ngomphimbo; 3 - ukunciphisa isisu; 4 - esiswini acid, kanye nokuqukethwe kwakho siphakeme emphinjeni; 5 - umuzwa evutha esifubeni nasemphinjeni.

Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo Isithombesi sikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi kwenzekani lapho isilungulela awachaze ayidingekile.

esiswini womuntu, izithombe zazo banikezwe okungenhla, isitho kubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ngaphandle kwayo, ungaphila, kodwa lokhu ukuphila akunakwenzeka ukuba esikhundleni ngokugcwele. Ngenhlanhla, esikhathini sethu, ungakwazi sigweme izinkinga eziningi ngokumane ngezikhathi ngokuvakashela gastroenterologist. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Esifike Ngesikhathi lesi sifo kuzosiza ngokushesha ayibulale. Okubalulekile, musa qinisa uhambo kudokotela, futhi uma into kubuhlungu, kufanele ngokushesha ubheke le nkinga ukuze uchwepheshe.