Amathempeli waseGibhithe lasendulo. Kokubona Egypt: amathempeli, izigodlo, izinqaba

Egypt - kwelinye lalawo mazwe, lapho enza ukuhambela okukuvumela ukuzibonela mathupha ubuhle zezwe lasendulo, elondolozwe ku ucezu omangalisayo bokwakha.

Ancient Egypt - ekuqaleni impucuko yesimanje

It kungokwalabo umbuso wokuqala ukuthi kwavela umhlaba esikhathini eside esadlulako (babembalwa - labo, imininingwane zisekhona kulonyaka). Bavele ensimini ka eMpumalanga lasendulo lapho yayikhona sibonga izimo zokuphila ezinhle (sezulu, khona machibi) ekuqaleni we III yeminyaka. BC. e. Lezi zihlanganisa eMesophothamiya, Egypt, India neChina.

Ancient Egypt (halamuzi umlando kuleli zwe) zazigcinwa Nile River Valley. ogwini lalo kuphela nasesikhathini ezivundile ehlane zokuphila kwakunokwenzeka. Ezinye izindaba zika-Insimu isimo lasendulo iyihlane. Umsolwa uvele bayingozi kakhulu kwabaseGibhithe - ethuthuka isihlabathi, okuyinto kwadingeka alwe unyaka wonke futhi ayinqobe umhlaba endawni, iphele umoya, ezazihlukanisa izwe e April no-May ... Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ethwele ehlane futhi inzuzo:-ke waba nesandla ekwakhiweni esigodini emfuleni ezimanzi futhi sezulu esipholile wezolimo yimpumelelo, futhi isithiyo yemvelo ekuhlaseleni bakwamanye amazwe. Lapha, kwi nomlambo iNayili, embozwe inhlabathi emnyama evundile, futhi kwakungekho impucuko enkulu yaseGibithe, imisebenzi enhle yobuciko omangalisayo izakhiwo yezakhiwo lapho abantu banamuhla bangakwazi ukujabulela namuhla.

ababusi Omkhulu - samuntu onkulunkulu emhlabeni

Bona - abakhethiweyo wonkulunkulu, abaxhumanisi phakathi kwamazulu lomhlaba, isikhungo nesingazanyazanyiswa yezwe. Umlando waseGibhithe lasendulo eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine, futhi zonke lezi eminyaka amaningi kwaba yomkhakha owodwa - isimo lapho isikhathi beyibonakala simisiwe.

Inani uFaro obonakaliswe yokuthi ne eza emandleni inkosi yaqala inkathi entsha futhi wehla entsha yezwe. Umbusi, samuntu esemhlabeni unkulunkulu noHorus (noHorus), babengafuni ukulandela ngomhawu ngiqaphile ngomnotho main yona onkulunkulu - Egypt. Yena iqedwe udlame futhi okubi, nimise ukwahlulela, ukuze nokuzwana.

Omunye imisebenzi esemqoka ye faro kwaba ukwakhiwa kwezindlu onkulunkulu abakhulu. amathempeli Ancient Egypt esakhiwe ngamanani amakhulu, wadumisa u-Osiris, u-Isis Ra nabanye onkulunkulu. UFaro uqobo lalibonisa umpristi ophakeme, owayengifundela emikhosini engokwenkolo nemikhosi. Kukholakala ukuthi onkulunkulu bezwa ke. Ngakho-ke, amathempeli lasendulo zazibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwezinceku abaseGibhithe.

art

Isikhathi uye walondoloza ingxenyana encane yobungcweti yaseGibhithe lasendulo kithi. Inani elikhulu lezinto eziyigugu angcwatshwe oFaro emibhoshongweni ecijile, kodwa namuhla kutholakala emathuneni amakhosi zaphangwa ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. ekutholakaleni kuphela ethuneni Tutankhamun wanika emhlabeni umqondo ubuciko olukhulu abaculi lasendulo, ababumbi futhi Jewelers.

Kube bese, lokho asikwazanga ngisho ukuphatha isikhathi. Lokhu lasendulo amathempeli waseGibhithe nemibhoshongo. Yiqiniso, nenkulungwane esidlule kwasithinta kakhulu ukuphepha kwabo futhi ezinye izakhiwo yezakhiwo iye yashabalala. Kodwa kuyogcina amathempeli lasendulo anganikeza siqonde izimpilo sabaseGibhithe futhi inkolo yawo. Ngenxa yokuthi ezindongeni zezakhiwo zambozwa nemidwebo nge izigcawu sokukhumbula oFaro nemibhalo eqoshiwe etshela yezenzo zabo, manje sesiyazi ukuthi okuningi mayelana naleso sikhathi.

izakhiwo

Ngokubabazekayo amathempeli lasendulo laseGibhithe nemibhoshongo omkhulukazi - umklamo oyisisekelo we zokugcina izakhiwo abakhi. Kukholakala ukuthi umlando waqala kule izakhiwo zwe. Ngenxa yokushoda ihlathi zokwakha nazi limestone, sandstone, egwadle kanye isitini eluhlaza. Stone waya ukwakhiwa kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe namathempeli ngezitini eyakhelwe izigodlo nezinqaba.

Isici bokwakha waseGibhithe ukuthi wokwakha kwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa elihlangana izixazululo. Ngaphakathi nangaphandle izindonga nokuhlobisa amathempeli amakholomu abangu ehlotshiswe esemathuneni akudala, izibalo imibhalo eqoshiwe namanxiwa. Bonke babethenga ongokomfanekiso.

Bheka umsebenzi abakhi lasendulo kungaba mathupha noma isithombe Egypt. Amathempeli imibhoshongo, ngisho izithombe besesitelekeni monumentality zabo, nobukhali imigqa nokuzola ngokubabazekayo.

Njengoba izakhiwo yezakhiwo lasendulo esakhiwe

Imibhoshongo - enye yezinto eziyimpicabadala emlandweni ukuthi umuntu wanamuhla namanje awukwazi ukunquma. Empeleni, konke ixhunyiwe nabo - eyodwa puzzle enkulu. Ososayensi namanje ukuthi leli imibhoshongo yayakhiwa njengoba izakhiwo omngcwabo we oFaro. Indlela zazakhiwe, Njengoba kungekho iyiphi ukucutshungulwa ubuchwepheshe nokudilivela omkhulu amabhlogo itshe - eyodwa ngaphezulu imfihlakalo kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe.

On ukwakhiwa amathempeli is okuningi ezaziwayo. Kwakukhona izinhlobo ezintathu: enamadwala, poluskalnyh kanye emhlabathini. Kugcine esakhiwe phezu uhlobo oluthile. Kwakumelwe calandze ayebiyelwe okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kusukela neNayile elibangise ethempelini ngokuvamile ke ebeziphambili, ukuthi nhlangothi zombili ehlotshiswe eziqoshiwe sphinxes. Facilities akazange bakha laqanjwa siphelile, zazakhiwe isimiso formoslozheniya - izakhiwo wajoyina kuze kube nomunye.

Rock amathempeli wavelelwa olungaphambili lwesonto yangaphandle, wonke amanye amakamelo wanqunywa edwaleni. izakhiwo Poluskalnyh kancane yakha phezu, futhi kancane - emadwaleni.

Okuphoqelekile isici amathempeli babe ikholomu. Ehholo we naseKarnak ithempeli lika 134. Ngokuvamile bachazwa izinyanda imihlanga.

Amathempeli waseGibhithe lasendulo babengenalo amafasitela. Bakhandwa imbozwe apertures encane ngezansi kophahla.

Okuphoqelekile ukuthi abami ezindongeni ethempelini noma enamathela nge upende yasezindongeni.

Omkhulu faro besifazane futhi endlini yalo engcwele

Omunye sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu eGibhithe - Hatshepsut Temple - yakhelwa umbusi omkhulu, wahola izwe ngenkathi balo Mbuso Omusha.

Ngo-mlando emlandweni walesi isimo lasendulo kwaba izimo ezimbalwa kuphela, lapho amandla lidlule ezandleni zabesifazane, kuyenzeka zikhathi zeziyaluyalu. Hatshepsut, indlovukazi purebred, indodakazi uThutmose mina, wayengumpristikazi ophakeme ka Amun, okuyinto kakhulu kwamsiza uthole izintambo laseGibhithe. Waba umkamfowenu yakhe, uThutmose II, futhi ngemva kokufa komyeni wakhe ekuguleni ukuhola izwe.

Indlovukazi faro eyaziwa ngokuthi umakhi. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe (iminyaka engu-22) yayakhiwe amathempeli amaningi, namatshe amade abaziwe, amathempeli, kabusha abahlaseli ushatshalaliswa, Hyksos izikhumbuzo.

ethempelini omngcwabo ka Hatshepsut itholakala entshonalanga eThebes, futhi libhekisela poluskalnyh hlobo. Ezikhathini zasendulo yayibizwa ngokuthi "Jeseru Jeseru" - "ezingcwele zabantwana ezingcwele," futhi ngokuthi ke, ehlonipha iNdlovukazi Hatshepsut, baqala ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu.

Isakhi lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi omangalisayo yezakhiwo kwaba senenmut wezakhiwo abangena kamuva lo faro omkhulu zesifazane waphathisa imfundo ngendodakazi yakhe Nefrura. Ithempeli lakhiwa ngesikhathi - iminyaka 9. Wabaza emadwaleni, futhi kubonakala sengathi isandiso zabo zemvelo. Siqukethe masimu ezintathu omkhulu, okuyinto zitholakala eyodwa ngaphezu kwamanye. Ngamunye has egcekeni futhi engcwele. Ezikhathini zasendulo, eya ithala lokuqala lalibizwa uphahlwe isihlahla imure ngqo importations laseGibhithe. Ngokokulandisa, umgwaqo ehlotshisiwe futhi egqamile sphinxes.

ubuhle Pristine sethempeli Hatshepsut elahlekile. Wahlupheka ngezikhathi nokuzamazama komhlaba. Kodwa manje, ezinhle isakhiwo sasendulo kuyabamangaza kanzima lemigqa kanye nobuhle.

Ubuhle Luxor lasendulo

Akukhona nje monumentality kanye nobuhle kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe abadumile kungashaya Egypt. NaseKarnak ithempeli elalinikezelwe kuKhesari kukankulunkulu u-Amoni-Ra, iyona isakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke yezakhiwo kuleli zwe.

Itholakala kwi ibhange kwesokudla Nile edolobhaneni elincane Carnac, amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka kwenye Ithempeli elalidume - Luxor. Naye-ke uxhuma Ilungiselelo eside, ihlobe eziqoshiwe sphinxes. Ezikhathini zasendulo yayibizwa ngokuthi Ipet-Isut. It wakha omkhulu ethempelini eyinkimbinkimbi engaphezu kwenkulungwane edlule.

Sanctuary badunyiswe ka kukankulunkulu u-Amoni-Ra, kodwa sihlanganisa neminye emathempelini izithixo zaseGibithe - Khonsu, Ptah, Montu, Mut. Nazi yesonto, namatshe amade abaziwe eziningi, izithombe eziqoshiwe oFaro futhi echibini elingcwele.

Centre Nethempeli naseKarnak, nokuziqhenya kwakhe - Ende ihholo columned. Yakhiwa phakathi nokubusa oFaro Seti mina kaRamses II. Kukhona 134 amakholomu, wahlela imigqa 16. I ezinkulu abe ukuphakama kwebhilidi 8 storey.

Ubukhulu eyinkimbinkimbi ithempeli elikhulu. Iyisonto amasonto angaphezu kuka-30. Iningi endaweni ivaliwe izivakashi ngoba akusho ukumisa abavubukuli kanye nokubuyiselwa izikhumbuzo lasendulo. Okwamanje, ngokoqobo izinqamu ngezinqamu recreates Avenue of the Sphinxes.

Indawo engcwele emhlabeni yobuKristu ezweni oFaro

Izwe kwezinkolo eziningi - ngakho ungaqiniseka elichaza Egypt. Catherine Temple - omunye amathempelana ohlonishwayo eLobukholwa - ivuliwe insimu yalo. Isakhiwo sekuneminyaka engu-1600. Ithempeli yasungulwa ngekhulu IV futhi zaqiniswa oda we uMbusi waseByzantium uJustinian I ekhulwini VI.

Temple of St Catherine e-Egypt, wakha phansi kweNtaba YaseSinayi, lapho, ngokwemfundiso yesiko kweBhayibheli, uMose wamukela kuNkulunkulu wabonakala kuye amalangabi Burning ehlathini, iMiyalo Eyishumi. It yaqanjwa Christian enlightener Catherine, owaphila ekhulwini III, bahlushwa ikhanda ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuphika ngokukholwa nguKristu Jesu.

Catherine Temple - Iyidolobhana elincane, kuhlanganise Isigodlo, ithempeli kanye nenqwaba yezinye izakhiwo.

Abu Simbel

EGibhithe, ungabona amathempeli amaningi omangalisayo. Omunye wabo ezithakazelisayo ngoba ezibaziweyo edwaleni, futhi kuphela olungaphambili lwesonto ingaphandle. Okuningi ngokunembile, ezingcwele imibhangqwana emibili: uFaro kaRamses II neNdlovukazi Nefertari. Enye kwenjongo zabo - ukuchaza yomngcele oseningizimu wombuso. Sanctuary idume eziqoshiwe yayo giant, esibonisa ukuthi lo faro nomkakhe.

isiphetho

Emathempelini baseGibhithe lasendulo wawuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo ongokwenkolo izwe elikhulu. Namuhla, i-value abo itholakala nakumasiko okuyinto abakubonisayo. esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo unike amandla umuntu wanamuhla uthinte endulo ukukwazisa okwengeziwe ngomlando yaseGibithe lasendulo.