Amasosha omzimba Monoclonal. Kuyini futhi ziyini na?

Amasosha Omzimba (immunoglobulin, ayisiza) amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-Y-ukuma. Bona iqhaza ukuhlonza futhi kukhuthaza izingxenye angaphandle (antigen). Omzimba eyenziwa izivikeli mzimba ekuphenduleni antigen Ukungena. Ngamunye immunoglobulin bakghone ukubona nokutjho ukuxhumana alien malware ngesici esithile.

Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba lijikeleze egazini, ayatholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Isibopho se-immunoglobulin kuya antigen kungavimbela ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo eziholela ekutheni lesi sifo, noma okuyoholela ekubhujisweni kwalesi sakhi angaphandle.

Impendulo mzimba zomzimba kunoma, ngisho kakhulu elula, uphiko angaphandle libizwa polyclonal. Ngamanye amazwi, izivikeli mzimba ukhiqiza (edonsa) sebuningini immunoglobulin, ayisiza ukubhekana antigen ezahlukene.

amasosha omzimba Monoclonal kukhona-cell izinto ezifana ncamashí. Ukuze cell ngayinye okuhunyushelwa (target) kuchazwa antigen ukuze bangabonwa futhi yokubopha izivikeli mzimba eye wazakhela immunoglobulin othize, lapho iseli eyandulela.

Yokwelapha isebenzisa kwemiqondo ku okucwaninga kunokuba kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, amasosha monoclonal. Lapho udle, inqubo yabo iqala ukusebenza nezinye izingxenye uhlelo Ukuvikelwa ukubhubhisa antigen athile. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, busuka i umzimba monoclonal omzimba for wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza.

Eyokuqala Clone amaseli eziye kwemiqondo laboratories babegqoka ngokuphelele igundane amaprotheni. Lokhu kwasusa inkinga kunalokho sina. Iqiniso ukuthi "igundane" monoclonal antibodies omzimba omuntu ubona njengoba antigen - izakhi lesinye isizwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yakha yokusabela olubhekiswe kubo. Lokhu nje kwasho ukuthuthukiswa okuzivikela. Defense uhlelo emzimbeni iqala ukubhubhisa amasosha omzimba monoclonal ngaphambi kokuba abe nosizo kuye.

Njengoba isikhathi sasiqhubeka, ezinye namaprotheni igundane, amangqamuzana aqala ukuzihlukanisa, esikhundleni sayo kufakwe abantu amaprotheni izingxenye, ngokuthi "chimeric". Nokwanda ingxenye yawo wonke izakhi of immunoglobulin, ayisiza womuntu kuthiwa (kwemiqondo) babizwa ngokuthi "humanized omzimba monoclonal".

Amalungiselelo equkethe lezi zingxenye, ubheke izindlela zokwelapha okubhekiswe. Ngamanye amazwi, izidakamizwa zenzelwe ukwenza ngqo amaseli, ingqondo ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo sokugembula. Kuyinto ngokuvamile indlela esebenza kahle ezingaphezu kuka ezivamile zemithi zokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi imithi evamile okuhloswe ukuba aphathe, isibonelo, yi-multiple sclerosis, umdlavuza, isifo samathambo kanye nezinye pathologies anobuthi, kanye imikhawulo ku imithamo Imininingwane, eyamukelekayo kwezokuphatha esigulini.

Phakathi imithi athandwa kakhulu amasosha omzimba monoclonal kufanele amathuluzi waphawula ezifana "MabThera", "Rituxan" (elisetshenziswa lymphoma-non-Hodgkin sika), 'Herceptin' (esetshenziselwa abantu ababulawa umdlavuza wamabele).

On imithi has amathemba eliphezulu Kuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe omzimba monoclonal. Nokho, kukhona ezinye ukulinganiselwa. Ngakho, immunoglobulin, ayisiza kwemiqondo-molecule sikhulu kakhulu. It ayikuvumeli ukuba engena ijule izicubu noma ku amaseli. Basuke ayenzelwanga setemlomo (TEMLOMO) ekuphathweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuzuzwe nomphumela ofiselekayo we lokuhlushwa la masosha omzimba akufanele idlule emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ayizinkulungwane izikhathi lokuhlushwa target antigen. Ukuthuthukisa immunoglobulin, ayisiza kwemiqondo wenziwa kuphela kuseli amasiko, nakho kwenza ukukhiqizwa yabo ngempela eqolo.