Amasiko nemikhuba yase-Asia Ephakathi, isiko, abantu imikhosi

Amasiko nemikhuba yase-Asia Ephakathi abe nezimpande ezigxilile kakhulu uya emuva eminyakeni. Futhi ngaphambi kokuthinta okuqukethwe kwabo, udinga ukukhokha ezinye ukunakekela ifa zomlando, okuyinto etandleni inzalo wanamuhla uthi Asia Ephakathi yasendulo.

I ifa zomlando esifundeni

Central Asia Usebe negalelo elikhulu kwezobuciko, isayensi, izakhiwo kanye izincwadi impucuko izwe, ushiye i uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa kumlando wethu ezivamile. Endulo ababazi okunekhono nezigqila lapha ezakhiwa Amazing ubuhle nobunjiniyela yayo izigodlo namathempeli, bachuma imizi nemizana, eziningi zazo kuze kube yilolu suku kukhona ukuhloba izwe izakhiwo ezingokomlando. Izindlela zokuphila, phetho zomlando, amasiko-Asia Ephakathi zichazwe sihloko.

XIII-XIV eminyaka. e Central Asia lumakwe njengoba inkathi ukwakhiwa izigodlo omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi mausoleums ezithinta proportionality yabo enkulu, ehlotshiswe elikhanyayo, amaphethini amahle. Abaningi ezikhumbuzo kwaleyo nkathi bafika phambi kwethu. Phakathi kwazo kunabafundi esiyingqayizivele Registan Square, le ke maphakathi Samarkand; amahle Bibi-Khanum; egumbini yokungcwaba eGuri i-Amir, okuyinto ihlukile kwabanye nge engavamile oluluhlaza Dome yayo.

Izingcweti kakade xv-XVII eminyaka. esakhiwe phezu skwele Samarkand izindawo ezifana Ulugbek, tilla-Kari futhi Schir eDori ( "wakha ngezinto ezingashi ingonyama"). Umlando Central izakhiwo Asian - ubufakazi obucacile yokuthi kuba abantu bekulokhu umdali izikhumbuzo ezingokomoya futhi isiko impahla kulawa mazwe.

1220 kwaba lapho kubhekiselwe kubantu bakulelo Asia Ephakathi, edabukisayo - waqala amaMongol ahlasele. izindimbane zikaGenghis Khan abangu acekela phansi amadolobha nezindawo elichumayo nasemizaneni, wabhubhisa izikhumbuzo izakhiwo kanye namasiko yalezi zizwe lasendulo. Sekungamashumi eminyaka INcwadi Yonyaka abahlaseli wagcinwa kule nsimu, futhi Yiqiniso, amasiko nazo zathonywa kakhulu namasiko Central Asia, zashiya izibazi ongenakucimeka wokulingwa ukuthi kungenziwa esisibonayo namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminonjana ezihlukahlukene amaMongol ahlasele ugcwele cishe zonke Asia angaphandle.

umndeni

Umndeni nomndeni wamanani abakhileyo ebaluleke kakhulu-Asia Ephakathi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi izingane. Izilimi nezizwe zalezi amazwe aqukethe aphorisms eziningi enikelwe izingane kuyinto: "Ingane kwemigwaqo, njengenhliziyo," "Ngeke kusaba khona nenjabulo emkhayeni ngaphandle ingane", "ingane Native - ikhaya umhlobiso", njll ...

Umkhaya ngamunye ngenjabulo enkulu kanye novalo ubona ukuzalwa kwengane. Lo mcimbi uyajabula elalenziwa bendabuko. Ngokwenqubo eyayilandelwa, Lumemezela eziningana ezinhle uhlale phezu amahhashi (uma konke okwenzeka emzaneni) futhi kwenziwe emigwaqweni, abalandisa izindaba ezimnandi zendlela kokuzalwa kwengane yakho ukuba izihlobo, omakhelwane, nabangane nabantu obajwayele, obuze kubo salokhu ezihlukahlukene izipho neminikelo, baveze inkulumo enhle yokuvalelisa "Ake inzalo yakho iyanda ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane", "Sifisa ukuba nibe ngofakazi kulo umshado izingane," etc ...

ubudlelwano Umkhaya eMpumalanga bebelokhu zihlukaniswa ngoba conservatism yayo. Elise-Asia Ephakathi umndeni beNdabuko iqembu kahle esikhulu sabantu, ehlanganisa ubaba, umkakhe, amadodana abo nawomkabo, izingane futhi ngezinye izikhathi abazukulu, abahlala ndawonye endlini eyodwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Tajikistan sezintaba ekhulwini XIX, wahlangana nomkhaya engaphezu kwekhulu abantu. umndeni Okufanayo ezinkulu, eqinisweni, umphakathi nge iziza zabo siqu komhlaba kanye isimiso 'yonke imali endaweni yengcebo jikelele. " Ngisho ukudla washisa ngemindeni yabo ndawonye: bonke abantu, abancane nabadala, bahlangana etafuleni linye. Lezi imiphakathi avame ukuba namandla kakhulu futhi simunye. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ubudlelwane bolshesemeynye babé izinsalela esidlule, nakuba namanje phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abanye ethnographers ziye zaphawula ukuthi uyise kokushiya umndeni ekhaya indodana kanye ilungiselelo engela zabo kubhekwe ukweyisa sina.

I Kubantu abayimizulane yesifunda yaziwa mayelana nomqondo yomkhaya omkhulu, nakuba lapha amalungu ayo ukuba bahlala la maqhugwane ezahlukene, kodwa kuphela "zoyise" yurt wayehlukile ukuphumula.

Ekupheleni umndeni XX leminyaka Asia Ephakathi uye washintsha abanye. Lapha amadodana endala washada futhi kakade babekwazi Bathi ukuya ngesinkwa yamahhala, udale kwemizi yenu siqu. Kuphela uthunjana, ngofuzo yonke izindlu abazali, kwadingeka ukuba asale ekuzeluseni kakhulu eminyakeni yokuguga. Lomgomo, ngenhlanhla luyisisekelo inqwaba izizwe, kuhlanganise nezizwe zala eCaucasus.

Umshado-Asia Ephakathi

Esikhathini imikhaya Asia Ephakathi kunezinhlobo ezimbili kwemishado. Ngokusho uhlobo lokuqala (exogamous) insizwa noma intombi asivunyelwe ukushada nezihlobo ohlangothini zoyise esizukulwaneni 7th. Le modeli libhekene ukwakhiwa kwemishado Karakalpak, Kazakh futhi Kyrgyz izingxenye. Olunye uhlobo ukwakhiwa Imishado (endogamous), lapho izingane ukushada eduze nezihlobo kuqhathaniswa elikude, libhekisela Turkmen, Tajiks futhi Uzbeks. Nakuba kuyafaneleka ukuthi ubudlelwane intra- zendabuko ziye zabhekana izinguquko ezithile ngenxa njalo izimpi, ukwabiwa kabusha komhlaba kanye Izindawo izindawo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu Turkmen, okungase kwenzeke njengoba imikhaya exogamous futhi endogamous.

Naphezu umehluko izimiso ngomshado, imbangela yalokhu eliyisisekelo: umkhwenyana kufanele akhokhe umndeni umakoti intengo kamakoti. Namuhla, ngokuvamile kuba ethile imali, kodwa zisekhona walondoloza isiko ukudluliselwa eziningi izinkomo isipho. bachelorette amaqembu, esikhundleni salokho, ngokwesiko kumele ulungiselele isipho, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa izingubo kanye nezimpahla zasendlini, futhi imihambuma ngaphambi isipho ngempela kuhlanganisa ngisho qhugwane.

Ngo Kubantu abayimizulane babukhona ngokwezifiso levvirata liqukethe yokuthi lo mfelokazi waphoqeleka ukuba ashade umzalwane iyisithandwa oshonile. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho - yonke impahla yomuntu oshonile, ngofuzo umkakhe, kumele iye yahlala umndeni wakhe. Ukuze abesifazane, lolu hlobo mshado ngezinye izikhathi sengathi yinto embi kakhulu.

Ngokuqinisekile, uke futhi wezwa amasiko zakudala ezifana, njengoba "umshado embhedeni" lapho abazali langena inkontileka ngomshado ngezingane zabo lapho babesalokhu esewusana, futhi umshado ukuthumba.

Amaholide

Amaholide abantu Asia Ephakathi ziye zahlanganisa imicikilisho hhayi kuphela eyisisekelo, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene imidlalo, ukuzijabulisa imincintiswano (okuyinto, by the way, kwabonakaliswa inter-clan umbango), ukusebenza abadlali, izimbongi futhi abaculi. Imikhosi ohlonishwa kakhulu futhi lasendulo sezizwe Central Asia kukhona Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Fitr, Nowruz.

izihambi Eastern ku Central Asia

Ngisho nabantu abangakaze wavakashela amazwe Asia Ephakathi, cishe unombono of Oriental izihambi. Umnikazi wendlu Angisoze elambile isivakashi sakhe, ngisho noma Iyophindela imizuzu emihlanu kuphela. Ithebula nakanjani kube ngaphakathi ezihlukahlukene inyama, amaswidi, wakhonza itiye elimnandi.

Ezinye izazi-mlando baye bame kwelokuthi isiko izihambi e Central Asia ayisungula akekho omunye ngaphandle uGenghis Khan, uba ngaphansi kokuphatha kukabani wokubusa kwaba cishe zonke Asia angaphandle. ukuze ayeligcizelela elokuthi zonke endlini izivakashi ngifuna indawo yokuhlala, kufanele kuthathwe nge ekhethekile nenhlonipho, abanobungane ngenhlonipho, ngisho uma isivakashi sikhuluma - umuntu ongamazi nhlobo. Endabeni ukwephulwa yale mfundo umnikazi esiwugwadule ayelindele amashwa: ngqi kuboshelwe amahhashi amabili ezibomvana, esangenza bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene.

Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izihambi, lapho ngokushesha baba hhayi isimo, futhi umthetho wokuziphatha, e-Asia Ephakathi liyisici ezibalulekile isiko. Yenqaba abanikazi yokukhosela kungenzeka kuphela uma isivakashi u iziphethe yokwedelela.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi amasiko kuye kwaphela kancane namuhla, kodwa namanje wasinda.

ubudlelwano Umkhaya

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizwe Asia Ephakathi baye kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngenxa ubulungu of igama elithile ubophekile ukuba asize abantu, "yabo", ngisho noma okuthile isihlobo okungalungile. Kuyinto evamile lapha ukuthi abantu abathatha isikhundla esiphakeme, ozungezayo yena namalungu omkhaya wakhe.

izibopho Tribal zidlala indima ebalulekile ukuphila kwazo zonke izakhamuzi-Asia Ephakathi. Kukhona ngokwezifiso ukuthi abaningi baseYurophu kungase kubonakale kunalokho eziyinqaba umthwalo: ohambweni lwakhe ukubuya kusuka umuntu kude kufanele silethe izipho ukusekela ukuba zonke izihlobo zakhe, ezinye zazo akhawunti engaphezu kwekhulu amagama. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi e-Asia Ephakathi musa kude nilambatha.

Inhlonipho abadala

Leli siko ingenye imisebenzi owakhileyo ngamunye esifundeni Asia Ephakathi, eyaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Nokuhlonipha asebekhulile kufanele kuthathwe, ngisho noma umehluko yobudala iminyaka embalwa nje. Junior kufanele isifiso somuntu omdala, uma yokugcina uyambuza endaweni ethile ukuya, into ukuletha noma bathathe isinyathelo ezinye esikhundleni. Yenqaba okuyihlazo. Ephambi kwezinduna lonke abantu abakhulu kumele ukhulume ukuzibamba. Ngakho, umuntu ongamazi kulula ukunquma izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu eqenjini labantu. Ngenxa yalesi wokwehlayo yobudala inakekelwa ukuzithiba emhlanganweni ophithizelayo: Kulalela abaphezulu ngaphandle kwekuphazamisa, athole izihlalo ezingcono kunezinye.

izingane eziningi

Izingane eziningi futhi isici umphakathi elise-Asia Ephakathi. Umndeni kungaba izingane 5-7 noma ngaphezulu. Ziyakwazi amacala ngokuvamile lapho omunye umkhaya kuletha ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 inzalo. Isifiso sokuba nezingane eziningi - i wumgomo lasendulo e-Asia Ephakathi. Ubudlelwano phakathi izingane ngokuvamile efudumele kakhulu, abadala bekulungele ukusiza abasebasha. I evamile Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izingane abathintekayo ekuseni kakhulu umsebenzi.

abesifazane aseMpumalanga

Abesifazane-Asia Ephakathi baye njalo ukuthi wabhalwa ngu ukubaluleka yesibili. Ingxenye enkulu yale ndawo kungenxa ukuvela inkolo entsha lapha. Islam uhlanganisa abesifazane ukuba luthathe kuphela indima okhonzile. Ngazo zonke emihlanganweni, kungakhathaliseki ngamaholide noma ukugujwa, abesifazane ngokwesiko umhlalaphansi kumbuthano yakhe. Nalapha futhi, ngokuvumelana ecishe zenkolo, indoda asivunyelwe ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi zabesifazane (ezifana yaziwa, cishe wonke umsebenzi endlini). Ngakho-ke, abesifazane aseMpumalanga njalo basebenzé eziningi.

Namuhla, lesi simo ngendlela abesifazane namadoda athile emphakathini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, cishe alinganayo. Nakuba imindeni eziningi zalezi zinsuku bubonakala ngokucacile le igunya babantu.

Izifunda Ase-Asia Ephakathi

Insimu yase-Asia Ephakathi, uletha ndawonye emazweni amaningana. Phakathi kwabo: Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan kanye Republic of Tajikistan. Central Asia linabantu abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-70. amasiko azo kanye namasiko abangazazi okufanayo, kodwa kukhona okuningi umehluko.

Ngakho, Tajikistan, imikhuba esingavunyelwe kukodwa ngempela ezithakazelisayo, udume emangalisayo wedding emcimbini. Tajik lomshado kwenzekani kakhulu ngendlela ezingu-7. Eyokuqala kuyinto umakoti nomkhwenyana ukumemezela kubo bonke ngesinqumo ukushada. Yomibili le mikhaya bazabela uhlele imikhosi egujwayo, Ngokuqhubeka izinsuku ezintathu.

Futhi Uzbekistan (ikakhulu emaphandleni) kuze kube yilolu suku ezinye izindlu abe ngokwezifiso lapho abesifazane futhi amadoda ngaphambilini ukuhlala lamatafula ahlukahlukene. Futhi lapho efika endlini isivakashi ukusingatha izihlalo zabo siqu, tivakashi letihloniphekile kakhulu ukuthola indawo enhle kakhulu kude emnyango.

Turkmenistan - isimo avaliwe kunazo zonke-Asia Ephakathi. Kukhona nzima ukuthola khona muva nje kuleli zwe kwakukhona ukungena mahhala ku-inthanethi, kodwa imithombo nokho abaningi abadumile (ezifana ne-Facebook ne-Twitter) Namanje ivaliwe. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi abantu bahlala Turkmenistan. izivakashi eziningi okhuthele qhathanisa kuleli zwe nge-North Korea. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimiso Islamic lapha, kanye kwamanye amazwe-Asia Ephakathi are njengoba donsile. Ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane abashadile nokho ichaze ubuso bakhe nge iduku, uma lokhu ngokuvamile kusebenza umndeni wakhe.

Central isiko Asian unothile kakhulu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, thina wayehlala futhi esebenza lapha owaziwa izimbongi, ababhali, abamaphephandaba nabaculi. Ikakhulukazi ivelele isiko Kazakhstan. Ababaningi abantu bazi ukuthi Kazakh ifilimu wokuqala "Amangeldy" yathathwa kudala ngo-1939. cinema Modern yezwe wasinika enjalo owaziwa futhi obonwa itheyiphu ngokuthi "Nomad" futhi "Mongol". Kazakh isiko ocebile ngempela futhi kuhlanganisa eziningi ezenziwe waseshashalazini, iculo, imisebenzi ebhaliwe, abathanda futhi bazise wonke isikhala post-Soviet nangale.

I-Republic of Kyrgyzstan kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukhaphethi eyaziwa ukwelukwa. Umata lapha - eqinisweni, element main wezangaphakathi nangenxa yobufakazi umlando izwe lasendulo. Kusukela mata Kyrgyz zenziwa yoboya, zingabantu kunalokho eziyizimungulu, kodwa hhayi nokwelukiweyo.

ingubo kazwelonke Kyrgyz uselokhu cishe ingashintshiwe iminyaka 700, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi abangashadile amantombazane izingubo kuvame ehlotshiswe yinqaba ngaphezu kwabesifazane abashadile. Yiqiniso, nasemizini akuvamile ukuthi noma ubani angabona ingubo bendabuko, salandelwa European standard isudi.

kulondolozwe amasiko

Isiko yendabuko izizwe Central Asia ifa inqwaba izikole wathatha ijamo ingcweti namakhono okuphatha, iminyaka eminingi ngobulili ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Kukhona linqoba inqubo Pedagogical, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda Ustoz-shogird ", okusho ukuthi" master-apprentice yokuba yiprofeshinali ". Kuyaziwa ukuthi insizwa okufanele ukuchitha nathishela isikhathi esanele, okungase iminyaka eminingi, ukuthola isibusiso umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko. Ngenxa imithetho ezimisiwe lokwedlulisela amakhono kusukela othisha nabafundi, amasiko ocebile futhi emangalisayo kanye namasiko-Asia Ephakathi, iningi labo ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla, futhi lokhu kube yisiboniso ukuchuma kulondolozwe ubunikazi noma yisiphi isizwe nanoma yiliphi izwe eyaziwa.