Amakhamera Soviet: WONDLA, "kwelanga", "Moscow", "Zenith", "Shintsha"

ESoviet Union linomlando othakazelisayo kuzo zonke izikhombisi-ndlela. Ama-Movie, eqondisa, ubuciko asihlali sibukela. Abathwebuli futhi wazama ngamandla ukuhambisana nako, balidumisa ngamandla amakhulu ku zobuchwepheshe yayo phambi. A brainchild of onjiniyela Soviet wamshaya nayizimfundamakhwela emhlabeni wonke.

Iyini imfihlo yempumelelo ka abadali khamera? Ngenxa okuyinto izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke njengokungathi Hypnotized ubukele yobuciko yobuciko Russian of Photography? Ngenxa lapho amakhamera Soviet zaziwa emhlabeni wonke? Kulesi sihloko uzobona nabo udumo lwabo bonke.

"Cijela"

Ngo-1954, lo imodeli ayebhekwa ikhamera ngempela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa yesimanje kanye zobuchwepheshe emkhakheni izithombe. Mayelana "Cijela" ngiphuphe cishe yonke nayizimfundamakhwela, bezithombe kanye nabacwaningi. Isisekelo ukusebenza ngempumelelo le divayisi ukusetshenziswa professional metal amakhasethi.

Feza bethwebula kokusebenzisa ikhamera "Cijela" kungenziwa kwadingeka ngezandla ezimbili futhi ngosizo tripod. Kulo mBhalo, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi phansi ikhamera kuyinto slot ekhethekile ikuvumela ukuba unamathisele ukwesekwa ngokuqinile nangokuqhubekayo enjongweni. Ikesi lesikhumba kwenza kwaba lula ukuthatha izithombe ngaphandle kokukhipha kudivayisi.

"Cijela" ikhamera baba ucezu ubunjiniyela kweqiniso. Ngo inqubo ukusebenza nabo olwatuswa banamathele ukulandelana elandelayo:

1. Uma lo mshini ufakwa lens beya, bawubeka endaweni yokusebenza.
2. Enye yezindlela zokubona ukuthi isikhathi sokubeka izingcwecwe elangeni ukuze beso inikezwe.
3. Setha beso kwi lens.
4. Qala esangweni.
5. Setha ijubane yokucina ku esangweni.
6. Gxila lens.
7. Qala ukuqopha, ngomusa ngokucindezela inkinobho.

Oholela sokudubula ngezandla ezimbili kufanele ubambe idivayisi ngokuqinile kodwa ngaphandle ukucindezeleka kakhulu. Le divayisi kufakazela waphinda ukuthi amakhamera Soviet bafanelwe yinhlonipho!

Fed 2

WONDLA ikhamera - kudivayisi oluphrofeshinali bezithombe, wenza ngo-1952. Njengoba ukusebenza kanye ngesikhathi kwekhulu elidlule kwaba ubuciko bomklamo ngempela futhi kuthatha zanda esigabeni "Amakhamera wase-USSR."

Ukudubula kungaba kwenziwe kusuka kunoma yimaphi amalungiselelo noma ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela, zaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. izithombe esheshayo, tripod, isandla, ukubambezeleka - lutho. Ukuze WONDLA-2 kwakungekhona okungenakwenzeka. It ikakhulukazi wayethanda izintatheli nabathwebuli, esebenzayo ihlumela namathafa, enkundleni yezemidlalo kanye panorama.

WONDLA ekhiqizwa emnqophweni-eyakhelwe imboni yezabasebenzi communes we NKVD Ukraine SSR kubo. F. E. Dzerzhinskogo ngokuphelele izinto zokusetshenziswa Soviet. Ngenxa ukwaziswa okungajabulisi ngaye wasebenzisa ejwayelekile perforated ifilimu strip izingxenye 1.60 m, ukuze kanjalo kanyekanye ukushaja apharathasi 36 ngokukhiqiza izithombe.

Ngesisekelo Umklamo ikhamera yondliwa 2 imisebenzi isimiso automaticity futhi conjugation izindlela. Ngamanye amazwi, ukubeka esiteji for the yokushutha, umthwebuli ngaleyo ndlela kanyekanye emuva tape futhi ubala izithombe ezenziwe.

"Moscow"

Le kit kanye le khamera ngo-1959 kwaba ingxenye ikhamera ngokwayo nge esangweni professional "torque engu-24C", Case, itheyiphu esondweni, bentambo inhlamvu, ibhokisi yezindleko zokuhambela le-USB, kanye imiyalelo enemininingwane nge ipasipoti incazelo zedivayisi.

On ikhamera "eMoscow", umenzi sizonikeza isevisi yesiqinisekiso kungakapheli nonyaka owodwa zokuthenga, inqobo nje uma idivayisi singavulekile noma ukuqaqa ngaphandle isitshalo.

Isici esiyinhloko ikhamera has beso yokukhanya. Futhi a kwalokho nice bonke bezithombe amateur kwakunjalo wayibhinca ekhethekile ehlombe.

Ngo womshini le imodeli onjiniyela Soviet outdid ngempela ngokwabo. Optical focus rangefinder nge isizinda olubanzi 65 mm, kanye esangweni emaphakathi, lapho has eziyisishiyagalombili auto ukuchayeka, kuhambisana flash synchronizer bebangakghoni ngabandayo iyiphi photographer amateur eSoviet Union.

Ikhamera "Moscow" wakwazi ukukwenza abangaba ngu-12 isibhamu 6x6 cm format ngaphandle kwemali ethe xaxa. Manje, lezi zibalo zingase zibonakale ukuthi kuwubuwula kanjani kithi, kodwa ngo-1954 kwaba on the esengozini yesayensi, okuyiwona, akungabazeki, kuyafaneleka waphinda ukubonga onjiniyela Soviet ngubani kukhicite izinto ezifana eqondile kule minyaka post-yimpi. Le divayisi kukhazimulisa amakhamera Soviet, babasize lilinganise okusezingeni eliphezulu ohlwini engcono emhlabeni!

"Zenith"

"Zenith" libhekisela esigabeni amadivayisi sesibuko. It wawuhloselwe ezihlukahlukene sokudubula futhi asekele kokubili umbala omnyama nomhlophe ifilimu. Abantu bavame ukusebenzisa lo mshini angachazwa ngamagama amabili: onekhono kakhulu photographer amateur. Ngalezo zikhathi imodeli endala "Zenith" namanje Kwakunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-photographer isilinganiso futhi akuyona indlela ephumelela kangcono ukuba photojournalist professional, ngakho-ke kungokwalabo esigabeni "ngenhla avareji".

Inzuzo enkulu imodeli ngokuqinisekileko bekunguye okuthiwa esibukweni focus zamanje. Kungenzeka ngokuqhubekayo agcine into, ngokugxila nokucija kanye nokukhulisa esengqondweni iyacaca futhi nokucija isithombe. ikhamera Old "Zenit" ingasetshenziswa abanamalensi kokuba kusuka 37 kuya kwezingu-1000 mm ubude ebalulekile, kanye amasongo ekhethekile side evumela umsebenzi ukukhiqiza busha kanye ukudubula izinto ezincane eduze - okubizwa ngokuthi microphotography macro- futhi.

"Shift 2"

Ikhamera "Smena-2" libhekisela isigaba amadivayisi amancane naphakathi. Anakho isakhiwo kunalokho eqinile Inhloso eyinhloko okuyinto luyingxenye sokudubula amateur. Ngo kwamaSoviet, ochwepheshe azigweme zalolu hlobo locingo. Ngezinhloso yabo kwakulula kakhulu, Nokho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusebenza walo kwaba elula enembile for bezithombe abavamile.

Le khamera wayehamba isethi nge passport, kanye ne-lens ukuthi kalula ukunikeza indalo ngokuzenzekelayo izingxenye ezinhlanu abantu nokunqunywa izimo eziningana. I phiko futhi ifakwe umsebenzi esizikalayo kanye synchronizer akhethekile ukuba asebenze ephethe ilambu flash.

Esebenzisa ukujikeleza lens kungaba kalula ukugxila into oyifunayo. Imingcele yesithombe ngokobungako i injini optical, okuyinto ekuqaleni afakwa "Shintsha 2" ikhamera. Le divayisi futhi inqe ngaphandle kwezinkinga ekukhanyeni, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iye ifakwe indlela ekhethekile ukuhlehlisa ifilimu by Uhlaka 1 kuphela, okuyinto design ngempela ultra-yanamuhla phakathi nekhulu lama-20.

"Sputnik"

Ememezela ukukhululwa kwe-imodeli esilandelayo ikhamera, "Isethelayithi", umenzi wathi uquqaba ezibanzi okuthiwa pair stereo. Umenzi uthi isithombe esikhethekile kuzoyenza ukusiza ukwenza izithombe, okuvumela ukuthola isithombe kweqiniso welungiselelo kwezendawo izinto, izinto kanye izinto ezahlukene.

Kulesi isethi kuhlanganisa nje ikhamera ngokwayo, "Isethelayithi", kanye Uhlaka ekhethekile kopisha bese stereoscope. Ngosizo "satellite" uthola isithombe ehlanganisa eziningana izithombe ethé ukuhluka kancane, lapho ucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqaphela okuhlanganisiwe, isithombe ezintathu-ntathu. Ngokusho ofakazi, emehlweni kwakuthakazelisa ngempela ngempela. Ikhamera kakhulu efanayo lingashajwa evamile roll ifilimu. Photographer ungenza 6 stereoskopnyh ezikhethekile abasebenzi, noma 12 ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu imodeli ifakwe i yesivalo auto, okuholele ukuvalwa esikhundleni ngemuva kwemizuzwana mayelana 7-8. amakhamera Soviet Ngasekuqaleni ezinjalo ayikwazanga ozibongayo.

"Kwelanga"

"Kwelanga" yadalwa eU.SSR esikhathini kusukela ngo-1964 kuya ku-1968 eLeningrad, kule mboni Optical-Mechanical Association yaqanjwa V I. Lenina. Le yunithi waba izindlu sasivumela ezikhangayo, ogxile khona ingxubevange aluminium nokuvula ezingemuva udonga (ngenhlanhla kwaba ukhululekile kakhulu). Hlehlisa ifilimu, kanye apharathasi Leli qembu kwenziwa usebenzisa isando.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inhlamvu wawakhiwe phezu kwesiyingi lens, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu izindlela zika isikhathi. Ikhamera "kwelanga" waba nesisindo 850 grams kanye wayenekhono ukudubula izithombe usayizi 24x36 mm ngokusebenzisa isigaba flash zokuvumelanisa "X" futhi "M".

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

Phela, lokhu kubonakala sengathi hhayi ethandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi e imodeli eSoviet Union ibe inombolo ephelele amakhophi elikhishwe 59.225 izicucu. Ngokungafani nezinye onobuhle, lokhu ikhamera kungenzeka futhi kulezizinsuku itholakale kalula eRussia kanye CIS. Namanje azigcina impela eningi ephelele zokusebenza amamodeli we "kwelanga".

Siyaye sijabule lapho sikhumbula, siyaziqhenya

Isihloko ziye adiliza Ukucaciswa, izici kanye nezici ezithakazelisayo amakhamera Soviet ethandwa kakhulu. Yiqiniso, intuthuko neze sisesenjalo, futhi lapho ebona leli qiniso, ngingathanda waphinda uqaphele umsebenzi onjiniyela Soviet. Kuyinto ngenxa yemizamo yabo, amakhamera Soviet akanamahloni ukukhombisa okwabezizwe, izithombe ezithathwe nabo, babe eliphezulu kakhulu!