Amadolobha Russian Imfihlo. emadolobheni Kuvaliwe yeRussia. Uhlu emadolobheni avaliwe

Imfihlo CATF, kuyinto zokwakheka avaliwe zokuphatha-indawo, ukulandelela umlando wabo ukuze izinsuku post-yimpi ye "ngxabano abandayo" be-USSR futhi amazwe entshonalanga. Namuhla ivaliwe amadolobha aseRussia 44 kodwa ngaphansi lempi unogada lonogada. Ezinye zazo angqongqoze eminyakeni engamashumi ayisihlanu, kodwa alibange lisaba ongabonakali akuyona kudala - ngo-1992 emadolobheni Ezivelele abe amagugu ecebile kanye Umlando othakazelisayo. Lokhu nokunye okuningi - esihlokweni.

emadolobheni Imfihlo Russian

On insimu yezwe lethu kukhona 23 edolobheni elibiyelwe. Ayi-10 kuwo bayingxenye 'e-athomu "(Rosatom), 13 - eMnyango Wezokuvikela, ophethe 32 kodwa nemizana. kumiswa Kuvaliwe uhlobo zokuphatha bangaphansi mode ekhethekile isivikelo. Imisebenzi amasayithi zezimboni nakwezempi endaweni engayodwa - kuba imfihlo isimo.

idolobha onesango elilodwa (PG) eSoviet Union base kuhlukaniswe futhi awazange kuboniswe kunoma iyiphi ibalazwe. Bakhona chasiselwe isikhungo lesifunda eliseduze. Ye ibhasi imizila, izakhiwo kanye nezikhungo lwenziwe kusukela ekuqaleni futhi waqhubeka yethulwa ngo emadolobheni, lapho CATF. Ngokwesibonelo, esikoleni inombolo 164 ngo Sverdlovsk-45 (manje Ihlathi).

Izivakashi aphumelela ekuhlolweni ngesikhathi okuseshwa. Usuku Pass, ukunyakaza umyalo nelungelo ukungena. maqembu Permanent ube umuntu ebekiwe edolobheni avaliwe noma umzana. Ingabe saziso okubhaliselwe dacha non-ukudalulwa, ukwephulwa layo Kungaholela nasekutheni babe necala lobugebengu.

Amalungelo abahlali i-MO

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo ophilayo entweni angawodwa offset usizo lukahulumeni futhi amalungelo. supply ephezulu ezingeni ikuvumela ukuba bathenge izimpahla ezitolo, eyindlala nazo zonke ezinye izakhamuzi wezwe. Wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki umsebenzi, 20% ibhonasi eseqongelelwe iholo. athuthukiswe kahle babe nemisebenzi yomphakathi, imithi, imfundo.

Amadolobha amaningi Imfihlo Russia nase namuhla ayebiyelwe nge imigqa ngocingo oluhlabayo. Ilungelo lokungena ingatholakala uma isakhamuzi sendawo bafaka isicelo ayiswe lezihlobo ulahlekile, kodwa kulokhu kufanele ubuhlobo efakazelwe. Ezemidlalo izenzakalo kwezinye kodwa ungathola khona phezu iphasiphothi.

Manje akuzona zonke namadolobha ivaliwe uthango angabanjwa, kwezinye kungukuthi evikelwe. It kuncike ekusithekeni. Sarov, ngaphambili Arzamas-16, ingaphansi Ukuvikelwa sina: imigqa ngocingo oluhlabayo, strip control, izindlela zesimanje kokulandela, kuhlolwa imoto.

CATF kuhlanganiswe labantu abangaphezu kwesigidi abantu. Cishe zonke izakhamuzi-100 kwasungulwa i-Russian Federation ayehlala emzini avaliwe noma umzana.

15 amadolobha imfihlo Russian kuwufanele ngokuvakashela

PG livelele Seversk, saseTomsk esifundeni - ke singesikhulu kunazo zonke kwezingu ifa Kuvaliwe Nuclear. Umuzi omuhle nge izindlu eyakhelwe amaphrojekthi ngamanye. Ibe isilandelwa Sarov - idolobha kokuqhathanisa, endaweni okwazalelwa kuyo ibhomu le-athomu nge izindawo ezingcwele emangalisayo: i Sarov Hermitage futhi Diveevo.

emadolobheni Imfihlo Russian tibheke ikakhulukazi esifundeni esise-Ural esifundeni, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk nesifunda eMoscow.

Penza esifundeni - lapho kudabuka khona Zarechny nge omunye izinhlelo elinamandla kakhulu Rosatom ukwenziwa izingxenye kwezikhali zenuzi. Esikhathini Sverdlovsk esifundeni ogwini Tours emzini izindawo ebabazekayo Ihlathi, lapho lesi sitshalo esisogwini kabusha ukuhlangana nezinhlamvu. Novouralsk eyaziwa ngokuba zalo ezikhangayo: esiqongweni eYurophu nase-Asia, capes eziluhlaza nezimnyama.

idolobha Kuvaliwe Chelyabinsk esifundeni - a Ozersk, Snezhinsk futhi Trehgornyi. Snezhinsk abangu ekuthuthukiseni zenuzi, izinto zenuzi ibekwe futhi isetshenziswe Ozersk. Triokhgorny eyenziwa instrumentation zenuzi.

Zheleznogorsk futhi Zelenogorsk - kukhona idolobha avaliwe Krasnoyarsk Territory. Zheleznogorsk eyaziwa ukwenziwa plutonium futhi Zelenogorsk kuyinto ezikhethekile uranium nokunonophala nokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi isotopes.

Defense i-MO

Phakathi "Ezempi" PG kuwufanele ngokuvakashela Polar nge isimo esingavamile yeNhlonhlo Kola, Fokin - main base wamabutho asolwandle ka Vladivostok emva. Znamensk Astrakhan esifundeni uhlukile, idolobha kuphela phakathi amadolobha okuqondene amabutho missile. Kuyinto ipholigoni.

Uhlu emadolobheni elivaliwe nibaluleke ukuhambela, Krasnoznamensk ephelele futhi ukuthula ezihlobene izinjongo Aerospace ukuzivikela. Krasnoznamensk, esifundeni eMoscow kukhona eziyinkimbinkimbi indiza emkhathini nokulawula lempi satellite. Ukuthula Arkhangelsk ndawo etholakala eduze Plesetsk kwethulwa isayithi.

Seversk

On osebeni Tom welula wemizi emikhulu kuleli Kuvaliwe - Seversk. isisekelo salo ehlangene ukwakhiwa kwalesi laseSiberia Chemical sihlanganise. Esizoqala ngumlando ka inkampani ngoMashi 1949 g. Wanquma ukwakha eziyinkimbinkimbi ukwenziwa uranium futhi plutonium. Lapha kukhona laseSiberia sokuphehla amandla enuzi, okuyinto oluthatha indawo 2nd eRussia.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwenzeka lapho isitshalo ngo-1993 irradiate cishe 2,000 izingozi.

Seversk - isikhungo yezemidlalo esifundeni: 6 Izingane kanye Youth Ezemidlalo School, hockey futhi football club, ithimba sibalo ukushushuluza. Kwezemidlalo ezisemadolobheni izikole ekhuliswe Amaqhawe eziningana esizayo-Olympic. Idolobhana inohlelo athuthukile lemfundo: 21 jikelele semfundo, amakolishi kanye nezikhungo.

Ukuba Seversk, ungavakashela ezimbili yemidlalo, isikhungo kwamasiko, emnyuziyamu, zoo futhi cinema. Wamukela izivakashi zokudlela ezine, lowo obizwa ngokuthi i- "yonke."

Sarov

Sarov, idolobha avaliwe, sihlehlela emuva 1706. Ngisho njengoba edolobhaneni Nizhny Novgorod Region, ngo-1946 eneminyaka engu-ngaphansi kokuhlolisisa ababusi bezwe waba "iphayona" emkhakheni ikusasa ucwaningo zenuzi. isimo Imfihlo Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso eziyinkimbinkimbi zesayensi esiyingqayizivele yomusa - Nuclear Centre, eyaqala Zonke-Russian Research Institute kokulinganisa Physics.

Kuvaliwe Arzamas-16 baba emzaneni ngo-1947 Ithimba Centre lalinabashumayeli nezikhungo eziningana, izikhungo enuzi isihloko kanye nomklamo Amahhovisi. It uhlelo of elinokuthula ukuhlolwa zenuzi. Centre, lapho waba ngowokuqala ukwakha ibhomu le-athomu, azifinyelelanga ezingeni international ngenxa impumelelo yezesayensi oluvelele. Manje abasebenzi we-Institute for engaphezu kwengu-20 000 babo - ezintathu RAS academician, engaphezu kwekhulu odokotela, ukhetho abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu.

Ngokuvamile, edolobheni linabantu abantu ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 90. Ikhumbule ipumelelo Museum usebenza. Kungenzeka ukubona ikhophi imishini, izikhali zenuzi kanye nenkosi-ibhomu, okuyinto Khrushchev ezisengozini Melika.

Sarov - idolobha avaliwe, ukushaya ehlukile yayo. Eceleni ipumelelo omakhelwane yenuzi eyaziwayo lonke Orthodox shrine izwe: Diveevo Sarov Hermitage. Ngo 1778, Isigodlo yaba indawo ye novitiate St. uSeraphim of Sarov. Ngaphansi ehlane elise imfihlo idolobha komhlaba: catacombs noveranda, lapho izindela Baye bathola ukuthula ukuba yedwa. Kukhona nganekwane ezihlobene nazo mayelana echibini ngaphansi komhlaba lapho kwakunokwenzeka ukuhamba ngesikebhe.

Ozersk

idolobha Kuvaliwe Chelyabinsk esifundeni, elinye lamaphayona embonini zenuzi, lapho plutonium for amabhomu enuzi, njengoba ibhekene namacala yadalwa. isimo sakhe imfihlo ngenxa idolobha ukwakha "Production Association" Mayak ". Ngesikhathi ibhizinisi lapho kuvezwa isotopes enemisebe. Leli dolobha ezindaweni olunothile, amachibi ezine, ngakho ngengozi idolobha avaliwe iqanjwe kabusha kusuka Chelyabinsk-65 ekhatsi Ozersk. Ukuzigcwalisa isikhathi esifushane emlandweni walo.

Usuku lokuzalwa Ozersk ubhekwa Novemba 9, 1945, lapho iqembu wokwakha lafikela inombolo wesifunda 11, kwaba ukuqala ukwakhiwa zalesi sihlahla ukuze kusebenziswe plutonium futhi amadolobhana amabili. Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa kwenziwe njengengxenye iphrojekthi imfihlo (inombolo Uhlelo 1). abakhi Okokuqala bazinza hangars ngoba itoho epulazini yezakhamuzi zendawo. Iyinkimbinkimbi ngokungabi imikhiqizo umsebenzi, ukungabi nojantshi kanye nemigwaqo. Abasebenzi kanye nabasebenzi njalo Udlule target. Yakhiwa izindlu ezimbili kanye ezintathu storey, edolobheni esibhedlela, Culture Park.

Entwasahlobo ka-1954 ngesikhathi isimo chemical ifektri Mendeleev (esizayo 'Beacon ") wathuma ophendulayo 6th. Leli dolobhana waba isikhulu edolobheni okuthiwa Chelyabinsk-40. Ngo-1966, inani 40 kwathathelwa indawo asebemnkantsh 'ubomvu 65. Ukuze emzini Ozersk futhi wahlala - sorokovke.

Insimu Ozersk zanamuhla ezingaphezu kuka-200 km ^2, kanye labantu - abantu abangaphezu kuka-85 eziyinkulungwane. UMkhandlu sewusungule umkhakha okuhlukahlukene, kuhileleke nezinye izinkinga lapho izinkampani 750.

Umuzi ngokulinganiswa ayemncane ka Ozersk amumethe zomlando namasiko izikhumbuzo: eziqoshiwe, izigodlo, ensembles izikwele ezimbili, tikwele. Ukuze esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo angaphezu kwama-50 yobuciko.

Umlando Snezhinsk futhi Trehgornyi

Imodi nemfihlo Snezhinsk (Chelyabinsk region) kwakubangelwa ukulondeka Russian Nuclear Centre - Isikhungo Technical Physics okuthiwa E. I. Zababahina. Leli dolobhana Chelyabinsk-70 ithole igama elisha ngo-1991, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 - isimo edolobheni. Ubani e Isayensi City iyikhaya abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-50.

Snezhinsk - ivaliwe edolobheni nge esidlule ocebile, lapho kudabuka khona le-hydrogen, okuyinto ngo 1992 wavakashela Baker - Wezangaphandle e-United. edolobheni Cosy ne imigwaqo ihlanzekile oluhlaza igcina eziningi izimfihlo. Snezhinsk ungabona izinto eziningi zobuciko ezahlukene Soviet: imigudu, ukupholisa amapayipi nimkhiphela bomhlaba, izakhiwo usithe. Abantu bendawo zisikisela ukuthi uhlelo ukuxhumana Bathi futhi ukuba khona i metro komhlaba kungenziwa akhiwe ngaphansi komhlaba. Kubathandi imidlalo eyingozi ihlelwe diggerskie komhlaba uhamba.

Phakathi entabeni emithambekeni ngasedolobheni elitholakala resort. On the base, ungakwazi ukuqasha eqhweni futhi "fly" emithambekeni yezintaba Cherry. Eziningana Snezhinsk amachibi ukunikeza ithuba ukubhukuda futhi ukuthamela ilanga kule hot izinsuku ehlobo.

Trehgornyi

CATF Trehgornyi ezikhathini Soviet sasitholakala njengoba Zlatoust-36. Triokhgorny manje ekhaya abantu cishe 35,000. Ngesikhathi ibhizinisi ehola - FSUE «wensimbi ukwenza isitshalo" - wahlanganyela womshini nemishini enuzi izitshalo amandla, ukuqoqa izinhlamvu.

Eduze komuzi avaliwe kuyinto eNingizimu Ural Reserve. Kuyinto ecebile izimila ezingavamile ezilwaneni nasezimileni. Triokhgorny ekuthuthukiseni ezokuvakasha kanye nezemidlalo ngenxa zamanje ski eziyinkimbinkimbi emithambekeni Zavyalikha.

Zheleznogorsk

City Zheleznogorsk - valiwe emzini Krasnoyarsk esifundeni elinabantu cishe izinkulungwane 100 abantu. isimo Imfihlo lihlotshaniswa wamanje therein Hlanganisa entabeni Chemistry (Omkhulu eCaucasus Range), okuyinto ezikhiqizwa plutonium-239, futhi JSC "Ulwazi Satellite Systems" bephethe ukukhululwa satellite.

Happy Birthday PG kubhekwa Februwari 26, 1950, lapho-ke wakhipha Ukulungiswa enanini eziyinkimbinkimbi 815 ukwenziwa plutonium. Ukwakhiwa imfihlo isitshalo, ivaliwe edolobheni neziboshwa umgwaqo w / d iqhaza. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, umuzi wathola isimo edolobheni. Igama elithi "Zheleznogorsk" Yingaleso sikhathi imfihlo, futhi esemthethweni - Krasnoyarsk-26. Abantu ivaliwe edolobheni okuthiwa "Atom City", "idolobha social" futhi "ayisishiyagalolunye".

Ngo-1958 lesi sitshalo umkhankaso (Omkhulu eCaucasus Range). Kulesi sikhungo zafakwa entabeni egwadle dwala ku trehsotmetrovoy ukujula. Imigudu Underground zokukhiqiza zokuthutha izinkinga zalesi sihlahla kukhona emadanisekako isikali ohlelweni ongaphansi komhlaba eMoscow ukusekela bombardment zenuzi. Ukuphakama amahholo ngaphansi komhlaba ifinyelela 55 m.

Zheleznogorsk City ikhona osebeni Cantata rivulet. Lena indawo enhle - Umkhawulo wama-Yenisei River Kuria, Kantatskoe umhosha. Imfihlo kakhulu "Nuclear City" ngokuvumelana landscape yemvelo. Kusukela ukuphakama enkulu ivuleka isithombe: phakathi emahlathini ezindaweni zokuhlala inala zasemazweni.

Zheleznogorsk 15 zomlando izikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo, steles, namatshe amade abaziwe, izingoma yezakhiwo. Eyisimanga Impucuko: kukhona 3 iminyuziyamu, 6 ebhayisikobho. zoo Powered, cinema, Palace kanye House of Culture.

umlando Zelenogorsk

MH, ngokuthi Zaozerny-13 zokugcina, Krasnoyarsk-45, wathola isimo imfihlo ngokusebenzisa ECP ukuthola abasizakali uranium isotopes. Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR simila uvule uhlelo zokukhiqiza ezingeziwe amathelevishini, Abaqaphi ngaphansi brand Green Mount, amaphrofayli iwindi plastic.

Indawo walala imfihlo edolobheni isibe edolobhaneni Ust-Kan Barga emfuleni. Ngo-1956, edolobhaneni waba PG. Idolobha manje ekhaya abantu cishe 70,000. Kukhona omkhulu amandla kagesi "Krasnoyarsk" nokuphathwa ukwakhiwa, okuholela umsebenzi eSiberia.

Zelenogorsk yehluke edolobheni ejwayelekile baseSoviet izindlu enhle nge utshani, izindlela eziningi, izingadi eziningi zomphakathi. Umuzi ine umsebenzi ezimbili Museum, "inkazimulo zamabutho '' semibukiso". Ungavakashela ibandla St Serafima Sarovskogo. Akunjalo kudala kweyishumi wathi amabutho ubusosha. Ukuqeqeshelwa impi ku "Vityaz" alitholakali nje kuphela abafana kodwa amantombazane.

Zarechnyi

I-MO Penza esifundeni ehola nomlando wayo kusukela 1954. Uzungu ukwakhiwa Zarechny kwaba exhaphozini ukhuni eziyize. Idolobhana sidalwe iphrojekthi ngabanye. isifunda ngasinye manje ahlukaniswe ngezikhala oluhlaza. Izici kunoma iyiphi indawo - lena ukucushwa, ubungcweti, ukubunjwa, eyinqaba kuphela kuye.

Inkampani main zokukhiqiza is "Qala" endabeni nezinhlamvu. Ubuchwepheshe High ukwenza insimbi osebenzelana CTB umshini endaweni yokukhanda. isikhungo lwesayensi Institute, oveza ezokuphepha hardware.

Namuhla Zarechny - okuthuthuke endaweni yezimboni nenani wamabhizinisi ezingaphezu kuka 600. Edolobheni emkhakheni yezokuthutha, ezindaweni zomphakathi nezomphakathi, eziye kahle.

"Amadolobha Invisible" namuhla

Ukuwa kweSoviet Union ukubeka emadolobheni avaliwe Russian nje ezimweni ezinzima futhi engcupheni yokuqothulwa. R & D uxhaso kuyekisiwe kuwa wokwakha amalungelo izinhlinzeko zoMthetho wamaZinga imfihlo into kwakungasekho. Ukuncipha ekukhiqizeni ngenxa iphrofayli ewumngcingo ukukhiqizwa sasingagwemeki. Abantu abanamakhono aphezulu waqala ukuthola "penny" endabeni engcono, okubi kakhulu - ababengekho umsebenzi.

Market ebizela othile nemigomo yalo. Ukuba khona ama-oda ekukhiqizweni akazange ukuze kusunguleke imisebenzi futhi kuholele abangasebenzi. Wavala emadolobheni wayemude kakhulu kuka eRussia. Ekupheleni kuka-1995, umsebenzi kodwa "wahlala" 20% wesibalo sabantu. Neqiniso esiyingqayizivele elite bokusungula, ososayensi, nabaqambi kwenzakala ongaceli.

Inkinga ngokurhabako 'kanzima "akubanga yize. Kunobufakazi owayeyisekela intelligence Ochwepheshe avaliwe imizi bayatfutfuka yenuzi izikhali Brazil, Libya, Iran.

Okuningi nenkinga enkulu wakubonisa lokhu kwakufanele 'ukubamba "uzimele ukuvimbela izinhlekelele kungenzeka, ukongiwa ubuchwepheshe. Ngo-1998, intela nendlela yokukhuthaza ziye owethulwa ibhizinisi KODWA. amabhizinisi okusha amathuba emisebenzi. Kusukela 2000, izinzuzo ngokwengxenye uyekwa futhi ngo-2004 wayeka ngokuphelele.

emadolobheni Imfihlo Russian namuhla namanje ukugqama abavamile. Kutfutfukiswa emkhakheni isiko, imithi, imfundo. imigwaqo ihlanzekile, wangcwatshwa ezindaweni eziluhlaza kanye zezimbali kanye ensembles yezakhiwo. Kusekhona ukusebenza ongoti abaqeqeshiwe: ososayensi zenuzi, onjiniyela, abaklami. Ziyazi ukuthi ukusebenza sesimanje ubuchwepheshe ezingeni, kodwa ngeshwa, iningi labo emsebenzini ngokwesayensi. Ngakho, ngaphandle kokusekelwa isimo namabhizinisi amakhulu ku iconsi leaked bezikhali esiyingqayizivele yamadolobha avaliwe.