Alexander Dovzhenko - screenwriter Ukrainian, umqondisi: Biography, lokusungula

Dovzhenko Aleksandr Petrovich zibe nomthelela omkhulu ku ebhayisikobho Soviet. okuthiwa wayo ngemva studio ukukhiqizwa ifilimu. Kodwa kwakungeyona kuphela umqondisi wemidlalo. Ezweni lakubo, e-Ukraine, lapho yaziwa nangokuthi umlobi, imbongi kanye umlobi. Dovzhenko wazama isandla sakhe art. Kodwa impumelelo enkulu izuzwe emkhakheni screenwriting. Wabhala kudlala, tindzaba letimfisha kanye amanoveli isitayela of ngokoqobo sezenhlalo.

Ngezinye Alexander Dovzhenko kwaba isiphetho nzima, esizokhuluma ukumboza kulesi sihloko. Caressed nguhulumeni Soviet, owawina ezimbili Stalin Imiklomelo kanye Umculi Yabantu we RSFSR, ayenakho isipiliyoni elwa ngakolunye uhlangothi ne-Red esidlule. Leli qiniso aziwa ambalwa. Kodwa abantu abafundile kakhulu e-USSR ufunde "Magnum Opus" yakhe - "Enchanted Desna". Futhi iningi yakhe umsebenzi okuqinisekile ukwenza yasendle cinema kwaba ifilimu "Umhlaba".

ebuntwaneni

Ngokwe-entry encwadini okubhalwa kuyo Reunion zintathu Church Sosnitsa edolobheni (manje isikhungo esifundeni Chernigov esifundeni, Ukraine), u-Alexander Dovzhenko wazalelwa epulazini Vyunische Agasti 29, 1894. isitayela okusha, lokhu ihambelana no-September 10.

Uyise nonina babethatha abalimi abafundile. UYise umqondisi esizayo, Petr Semenovich, wayengumzukulu Poltava Chumakov, ngubani bazinza Sosnitsa cishe phakathi kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. izimpande nohlanga uhlobo Dovzhenko usukela kuya 1760s. It is ukuthi ukhokho yomlobi, Taras, kwaba Umxoxi bukhulu. Okwenza lesi sipho saba esizuzwe njengefa futhi sikhululiwe Sashko encane.

Umndeni ephethwe icebo enkulu yezwe, kodwa babephila ekuhluphekeni, ngoba inhlabathi yase nenzalo. Koonyana nane ozalwa ekusebenzeni yobudala ngasinda kuphela ezintathu: Bellamy yena, umfowabo nodadewabo Pauline Trifon. ukufa njalo zahlala enkumbulweni yami umqondisi. "Endlini yethu njalo wabusa imingcwabo futhi belila, '- Kamuva wabhala. Futhi ngomphefumulo olusankondlo kanina, wathi: "Wazalelwa izingoma, kodwa lonke ekuphileni okhalayo, sibona izingane kuze kube phakade."

ukuqeqeshwa

Esikoleni sabaqalayo e Sosnitsa Alexander Dovzhenko wabonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu futhi isifiso sokuba nolwazi. Ngenxa yokuthi ubaba wanquma ukuqhubeka ukuqeqesha indodana yakhe. Wathengisa ingxenye yesikhombisa izwe lazo ukuze Bellamy wakwazi ukuthola imfundo esikoleni samabanga aphansi, bese ngo-1911 wangena the Pedagogical Institute e Glukhov. Lokhu inyuvesi abasha Dovzhenko esikhethiwe hhayi ngoba efuna ukuba abe umfundisi, kodwa ngoba wanikwa umfundaze ruble namashumi amabili ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi Institute, umbhali esizayo wahlangana izincwadi Ukraine, okuyinto kule ngxenye Russified umbuso ngezikhali kwaba ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu Dovzhenko wathunyelwa ukufundisa Zhytomyr.

Umbhali kanye nesikhathi sakhe

Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, u-Alexander Dovzhenko, Biography iDemo kuchazwa kulesi sihloko ibonwa njengoba Jingo. Yena ngentshiseko waphonsa imasha amasosha empini izimbali kanye eminyakeni embalwa waqala ukubheka emuva kusukela ngaphambili "ngehlazo, ngibona usizi." Esikhathini esifanayo Dovzhenko osondela Ukrainian kazwelonke yenkhululeko.

Februwari Revolution kuka-1917, naye abone nomdlandla kakhulu. Kamuva ukuphoxwa Kuyo, uchaza ngamafuphi: "Ngo-inguqula-mbuso, mina awuzange abahlanganisiwe kulabo iminyango." Lapho kuphela iMpi kwaqubuka, Dovzhenko waya bazinikele ibutho UNR, futhi kanye ibutho Okwesithathu Serdutskaya ahlasela Kiev "Arsenal". iminyaka eyishumi nanye kamuva, umqondisi ziveza izenzakalo ifilimu, sokukhipha kwalokho wathatha ingxenye kuzo ku ingxenye Black Gaidamakov. Kusukela ngafika amandla Skoropadsky Dovzhenko ezikhoselweni ukuze Zhitomir. Ukubuyela Kiev, waba umfundi Ukraine Academy of Arts.

"Red" inkathi yomlando

Kakade eko, u-Alexander Dovzhenko wadumala e imibono kazwelonke-wobunxiwankulu. Ajwayelane umbhali Vasily Blakytnym amyisa Marxism emhlabeni. Okungenani yilokho umqondisi ngokwakhe wabhala e ibhuku ngempilo yakhe ka-1939. Wazihlanganisa Borotbists. Amalungu le phathi ke bajoyine Communist Party (amaBolshevik) ye-Ukraine. Lokhu inhlangano yombusazwe Dovzhenko bavunyelwe ukuba luthathe izikhundla ezivelele: uNobhala uMnyango Kiev wezeMfundo, iNhloko yoMnyango Art. Wayesebenza eU.SSR ukumelwa plenipotentiary e-Poland (1921) kanye Trade Ukumelwa Ukraine Republic eJalimane. ukuhlala kwakhe e Berlin, umculi Dovzhenko wayevama ukulithatha izifundo kusukela Expressionist Villi Gekkelya. EJalimane, i-artist-ohlakaniphile washada uBarbara Krylova. Kodwa, kwacaca ukuthi, ukuhlala kwaba Borotbists black isitembu uhulumeni omusha. Dovzhenko uyakhumbula kuze Ukraine, futhi wayencisha ikhadi leqembu.

cinema emhlabeni

Kusukela ngo-1923, Dovzhenko bazinza laseKharkov - inhloko-dolobha yokuqala Ukraine ephethwe amaSoviet. B. Ukusebenzisa Blakytnogo efika cartoonist iphephandaba "Izindaba VUTSVK", futhi sibonisa incwadi (ngokukhethekile, "izitimela blue" Petra Pancha). Phakathi nale nkathi lapho eduze converges ne umbuthano tetemibhalo "Hart", yayihloselwe ebhayisikobho.

Alexander Dovzhenko, ogama amafilimu uzothola abayithandayo kamuva kakhulu, akabanga imfundo, akukho nesipiliyoni oqondisa. Nokho, uqala ukusebenza studio ifilimu e-Odessa. Omunye imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala kwakuyimimoya ukuyaluza esisobala "iRed Army" futhi Umdwebo "ehlathini."

Dovzhenko futhi uzama yena indima umlobi. Kulesi insimu kudala play izingane ngokuthi "Vasya le Wezinguquko."

On isethi "Amajikijolo Love sika" Dovzhenko wahlangana Danilo Demutsky, futhi lokhu Ngohlelo kuqondiswa opharetha isethwe iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Ngokubambisana ukudala eziningi bands ezithakazelisayo.

Dovzhenko: Filmography

Umsebenzi wokuqala, elithole ukuqashelwa kwaba "Zvenigora". Kulesi 1928 Umdwebo master united isosha ukubhinqa kwabantu nendumezulu wamavukelambuso. Le filimu "Umhlaba" (1930), cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva kokukhululwa lasuswa kusukela sokuqasha.

Kodwa isithombe "Ivan" (1932) bamlethela obuseduze uStalin. Bona luhambelana nani, kamuva umqondisi ithola izilaleli nge umashiqela. Ngo-1939, Dovzhenko oda ngqo kusuka Stalin ithatha "siko" ifilimu "Shchors". Ukuze leteyipu iqondiswe ngokushesha wathola umklomelo eliphakeme.

Kusukela ngo-1934, Dovzhenko ixazululwe eMoscow unaka kakhulu umsebenzi wokubhala. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, wayala tinhlelo eziningana, babhala ama-eseyi kanye izihloko.

ihlazo

Indawo engalapho amandla (ikakhulukati Stalin) has a embi ngalo. Ngo-1943, Dovzhenko wabhala lifilimu befilimu "Ukraine ngomlilo." Nokho, ngempela kungalindelekile, emhlanganweni we Politburo we CPSU (b), lo msebenzi uye phansi icala lokwehlisa isithunzi. Iskriphthi kwaba ukubuyekeza omubi kakhulu futhi uStalin.

Ngo-1944, umqondisi-Alexander Dovzhenko wakhulelwa ifilimu lyrical "Ukuphila ziqhakazile." + Thanda vnasmeshku, iziphathimandla yafuna ukuthi ukuguqula isithombe ngenxa nezidingo ngemibono. Dovzhenko wazama okusemandleni. Ngenxa yalokho, izikrini ukuphuma obala movie ababuthakathaka ngokuthi "Michurin" egcwele izifanekiso yokukhangisa.

Ngisho isiphetho ezidabukisayo ukudlula kwamehlela umsebenzi wokugcina umqondisi. Ukuze State "Usale kahle, Melika!" Ingabe wakhulelwa esekelwe imisebenzi perebezhchitsy States eU.SSR Annabella Byukar. Lapho lesi sigameko wafika esigabeni sokugcina, le ezibiyele kwafika ukuze ayeke umsebenzi lo mdwebo.

Ukufa kwelinye izwe

Alexander Dovzhenko inhliziyo okokuqala ukuhlasela wayesekhona ukudalwa "Michurin". Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe akazange afundiswe VGIK. Wayefuna ukubuyela e-Ukraine, kodwa iziphathimandla akamnikelanga imvume yokwenza kanjalo.

Dovzhenko kuhlelwe umsebenzi oludumile - ukubhala inoveli "Golden Gate". Futhi kusezinhlelweni zakhe esizayo kwaba ukubhala isithombe iskripthi "Inkondlo Yasolwandle". Ngosuku lokuqala ngokudubula ifilimu, wabulawa isifo senhliziyo. Wembelwa Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow.