Abathwali Imininingwane: izinhlobo nezibonelo

impucuko Human phakathi ukhona uye wathola izindlela eziningi ukuze abhalele. Minyaka yonke, amavolumu zabo ezikhulayo inchubekelembili yejeyomethri. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nokushintsha abezindaba. Yilokho lokhu kwemvelo kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

into yesikhathi esidlule

Izakhiwo zasendulo yizenzo zabantu kungenziwa uthathwa njengoba eqoshwe emadwaleni, esibonisa izilwane abebezingela izinjongo. Abezindaba lokuqala eziphathekayo babe odabuka yemvelo.

Ukufohla yangempela kungenzeka ukucabangela ukubukeka ngokubhala kusuka Sumerians, owayehlala-Iraq yanamuhla nokusetshenziswa akuyona itshe, futhi izibhebhe zobumba, okuyinto baxoshwe ngemva kokubhala. Ngakho, ukuphepha kwabo kakhulu anda. Nokho, izinga lapho eqoshiwe ulwazi uphansi impela.

Ungase futhi uqaphele umGibhithe-papyrus, emakhilayoni, izikhumba, okuyinto iqala ukubhala WasePheresiya. E-Asia, kusetshenziswa bamboo nosilika. AmaNdiya sidilizwa kwadingeka nodular esiyingqayizivele isimiso sokubhala. ERussia, ebaleka kwaba Elm, okuyinto abavubukuli namhlanje.

iphepha

Iphepha abezindaba yashintsha, izinga okuyinto okunzima overestimate. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngowokuqala analogue of impahla cellulosic zazitholakala amaShayina ekhulwini II, kwaba litholakale emphakathini ukubonwa ngekhulu XIX.

With ukuvela iphepha namabhuku ahlobene. Esikhathini 1450s umsunguli German Johann Gutenberg yasungulwa umshini ngesandla ukuphrinta esebenzisa elikhiphe amakhophi amabili eBhayibheli. Lezi zenzakalo wakhonza njengendlela yekucala for inkathi entsha yokunyathelisa mass. Kwaba sibonga kuye ukuthi ulwazi uyekile kube eningi ungqimba ezondile isintu, ngakho atholakale kuwo wonke umuntu ofuna.

iphepha wanamhlanje newsprint, offset, camera, nokunye. D. ukukhetha kwakho kuncike inhloso ethize. Futhi nakuba ngendwangu emhlophe odingeka kunanini ngaphambili, isikhundla salo ezintsha ke luthele izithelo ezibonakalayo kakade.

Punch amakhadi nephepha tape

push Landelayo ekuthuthukisweni kolwazi abezindaba wathola ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho paperboard amakhadi kuqala. Ezindaweni ezithile okuhleliwe ukuvuleka lapho idatha ukufunda. Ekuqaleni, ubuchwepheshe esetshenziswa ukulawula kusondela.

Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo umkhiqizo omusha lenyuka ngemva kokuba zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-US i-esikahle futhi esheshayo ukubala imiphumela yokubala abantu labantu e-1890. Ukukhiqizwa amakhadi asebenzelana esikhathini esizayo, IBM isibe iphayona computer. Sokuthuthwa kwempahla ubuchwepheshe kwaba phakathi nekhulu XX. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho yaqala ukusakaza uhlelo kanambambili, ukuhlela abuye atakhele ezihlukahlukene idatha.

Abezindaba i-computer yokuqala nazo ngesibhakela tape. Babedalelwene iphepha elisetshenziswa telegraphy. Ngenxa tape yayo format evumela uvo lula futhi okukhiphayo. Lokhu kuye kwenza kwabo esisemqoka kwaze kwaba yilapho kuvela izimbangi kazibuthe.

tape kazibuthe

Kungakhathaliseki indlela odlule zangaphandle idatha abathwali ezinhle, abakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha lokho kwaba fixed. Le nkinga yaxazululeka leholele yemigoqo ethile eminyangweni kahulumeni kazibuthe. Kuyinto substrate nezimo camera enezingxenye eziningana, lapho ilwazi kulotshwe. Njengoba uketshezi ukusebenza isinyathelo ezihlukahlukene izakhi zamakhemikhali yensimbi, ayibe, chromium.

Magnetic kwisitoreji semidiya baye esenze intuthuko e ekurekhodeni. It is lokhu kwakwenqatshelwe ukuvumele ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokushesha sizakhele eJalimane 30s. amadivaysi langaphambilini (igilamafomu irekhodi abadlali, irekhodi abadlali) ezahlukene imvelo mechanical kwakungafanele esisebenzayo. Kube kwakwandile itheyiphu ikhoyili futhi ikhasethi hlobo.

Esikhathini 50s kube nemizamo ukusebenzisa ngalezi zenzakalo njengoba ezigcina ikhompyutha. amateyipu Magnetic kwangena ku-computer abo siqu 80s. udumo lwawo kubangelwa ikakhulu lezi zinzuzo. njengoba obunamandla, i-cheapness isihlobo zokukhiqiza kanye low power ukusetshenziswa.

Ububi opholile angabhekwa okungapheli. Njengoba basuke demagnetized ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Endabeni engcono, idatha egcinwe 40 - engu-50. Nokho, lokhu akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa format zithandwe emhlabeni wonke. Kufanele futhi ingasaphathwa video, okuyinto yanda ekupheleni XX leminyaka. Magnetic abathwali idatha babé isisekelo umzimba futhi uhlobo olusha ukusakaza.

hard drive

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umkhakha ukuthuthukiswa waqhubeka. abathwali Imininingwane zidinga semali sesimanje. Eyokuqala hard drive noma nama-hard drive, kwamiswa ngo-1956, IBM amabutho. Kodwa awazange engeke asebenze. Ziyakwazi kunangendlela ibhokisi, bese ton the isisindo bucishe bulingane. Umthamo idatha egcinwe ingeqi 3.5 wamamegabhayithi. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indinganiso yasungulwa, futhi ngo-1995 yathinteka wayibhinca 10 gigabytes. Futhi emva kweminyaka 10, waqhubeka ukudayiswa Hitachi onobuhle ivolumu gigabytes 500.

Ngokungafani nezimo analogue nama-hard drive aqukethe aluminium amapuleti. Idatha yakhiqizwa ngu ukufunda amakhanda. Abanaso uthinte disk, futhi usebenze at ibanga nanometer eziningana kuyo. Kunjalo Umgomo we operation kuyafana izimfanelo HDD abalobi. Umehluko omkhulu itholakala izinto ngokomzimba esetshenziswa izinsimbi amadivaysi. hard drive babé ngesisekelo computer. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi onobuhle zavezwa kuhlangene ngemoto, actuators nangezinto zobuchwepheshe.

Ngaphandle kwimemori main adingekayo okuqukethwe idatha, nama-hard drive abe sesikhashana ethile edingekayo lungisani Isivinini ukufunda kusuka kudivayisi.

-3.5 intshi iflophidiski

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke uya phambili amafomethi amancane. Ulwazi sezindawo kazibuthe ewusizo ekudaleni diskettes, idatha afundwa ngumuntu drive okhethekile. I Analogue okuqala laqanjwa IBM ngo-1971. Ubuningi ukuqoshwa ulwazi olufana abathwali lalingene 3 wamamegabhayithi. Ngesisekelo engikubhalile ngikukopishe kuleyo ncwadi kwaba iflophidiski, embozwe ungqimba izinto ferromagnetic.

Impumelelo main - ukunciphisa Ubukhulu ezingokomzimba abezindaba - ukwenze lokhu format ikakhulu emakethe iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ikota. Kuphela e-United States ngo-80s lokuveza kuze kube diskettes entsha kwezigidi ezingu-300.

Naphezu izinzuzo eziningi, lezipho ezintsha saba nemiphumela ethile engathandeki - luvelo ukuphazamiseka magnetic kanye umthamo ongaphakeme kuqhathaniswa zonke izidingo elandayo labantu abavamile computer yomsebenzisi.

CD

Isizukulwane sokuqala nabezindaba optical waqala CD. sibonelo sabo kwaba namanje amarekhodi. Nokho, abasha zangaphandle idatha abathwali ezenziwe polycarbonate. I disc yalolu ketshezi kwaba enamathela thinnest metal (igolide, isiliva, aluminium). Ukuze uvikele idatha, it wambozwa ukuvenisha ekhethekile.

Notorious CD yasungulwa ngu-Sony amabutho bafakwa ekukhiqizweni ngo-1982. Ifomethi aqale athola udumo eziningi ngenxa ukuqoshwa lula. Umthamo wamamegabhayithi abangamakhulu amaningana bavunyelwe ukuba azixoshe turntables kuqala futhi iteyipu abalobi nangemva. Uma bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi kuqala Imininingwane ivolumu, lona wamuva kwahluka izinga nakakhulu umsindo. Futhi format entsha ithunyelwa diskettes esidlule, okuyinto hhayi kuphela behlaliswe idatha encane, kodwa babengesibo okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu.

compact disc okubangelwa izinguquko emkhakheni computer. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umkhakha imidondoshiya (isib, Apple) ushintshele ekukhiqizeni PC nge ngemoto ukuthi ukusekela format CD.

DVD and Blue-Ray

Optical idatha abathwali isizukulwane sokuqala ukuba agcinwe isitoreji engeza eside. Ngo-1996, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa DVD, okuyinto ngokuya ivolumu lalilikhulu kune kayisemkhulu izikhathi eziyisithupha. Izinga entsha ikunika amandla okurekhoda amavidiyo isikhathi eside. Ngaphansi kwakhe ngokushesha ukuzivumelanisa umkhakha ifilimu. DVD movie baye zizotholakala esidlangalaleni emhlabeni wonke. Umgomo we operation nolwazi esephepheni kuka CD azishintshile.

Ekugcineni, ngo-2006, kube umkhankaso, kuze kube manje entsha, the last abezindaba optical format. Umqulu baba emakhulwini gigabytes. Lokhu kuqinisekisa okungcono ekurekhodeni nevidiyo izinga.

ifomethi impi

Ngokuhamba Eminyakeni yamuva, izingxabano njalo phakathi akuhambisani isitoreji idatha nezakhiwo. ngemoto zangaphandle ezivela abakhiqizi ezahlukene esiteji esilandelayo sokuthuthuka embonini bancintisane ngokuba ayitholwa ngefomethi.

Esinye sezibonelo lokuqala zibala ukushayisana phakathi igilamafoni Edison gramophone Berliner 10-yalolucwaningo XX leminyaka. Eqhubeka izingxabano ezinjalo ziba phakathi CD-amakhasethi futhi 8-track yomsindo amakhasethi; VHS futhi Betamax; MP3 kanye AAC, nokunye. D. sokugcina kulolu chungechunge kwakuyiyona 'impi "phakathi HD DVD and Blue-Ray, nokuyinto eyaphela ngo-ukunqoba lakamuva.

Amadrayivu e-Flash

Izibonelo kwisitoreji semidiya ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kokukhuluma oshayelayo USB flash. I-Universal Bus lokuqala yomkhiqizo yasungulwa ngo-90s maphakathi. Kuze kube manje, kukhona kakade isizukulwane sesithathu lesi esibonakalayo idatha. Amapholisa athi ibhasi le ivumela uxhumano a neuropathy PC. Nakuba le nkinga sekuneminyaka eside ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe-USB, kwanqunywa kuphela kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule.

Namuhla, wonke amakhompuyutha has a slot liyabonakala, lapho ungakwazi ukuxhuma ikhompyutha iselula yakho, umdlali, ithebhulethi, nokunye. D. ukudluliswa Fast idatha kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo esenziwe USB insimbi lwathandeka.

Ukuthandwa enkulu yatholwa flash ngemoto noma flash oshayelayo ngolimi lomdabu ezisuselwa kulesi esibonakalayo. idivayisi okunjalo USB-isixhumi, chip microcontroller, a elalinembobo asebenza ngebhethri futhi LED. Zonke lezi imininingwane iye yasiza ukugcina ephaketheni of gigabytes idatha. Ngobukhulu USB flash drive unika ngisho amadiski floppy, ukuba nomthamo 3 wamamegabhayithi. Ngezinye izikhathi lenyuka amadivayisi ivolumu, lapho isitoreji Imininingwane wenziwa. Abezindaba, ngokuphambene zivame ukunciphisa umzimba.

isixhumi yizinhlobonhlobo ivumela ngemoto ukusebenza nje kuphela ama-computer, kodwa futhi nge-TV, DVD-abadlali namanye amadivayisi nge-USB ubuchwepheshe. Inzuzo enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabalingani optical ziphelelwa ukungenwa amathonya zangaphandle. Flash drive akesabi imihuzuko nothuli eyayiyingxenye usongo ofayo ukuba CD.

esingokoqobo virtual

Eminyakeni yamuva, isitoreji ikhompyutha abezindaba isikhundla kuthathelwe ehlukile ebonakalayo. Kusukela namuhla kulula ukuxhuma PC kunethiwekhi global, ulwazi lulondolozwe wabelane. Izinsiza kukhona elingenakuphikwa. Manje, ukuze uthole ukufinyelela amafayela zabo, umsebenzisi ayidingi naphakathi ngokomzimba. Ukuze uhlanganyele idatha esifundeni ngokwanele ngaphakathi Ukuhlanganisa wireless Wi-Fi kanye t. D.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simanga kusiza ukugwema ukudideka nge ukwehluleka ngemoto ngokomzimba ukuthi basengozini umonakalo. Remote iseva ngokuqondene ukuthi isignali ukwesekwa ngeke athinteke, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-izimo ezingalindelekile lapho kukhona eziphindaphindekayo isitoreji idatha.

isiphetho

Kuwo wonke umlando - kusukela kule migede imidwebo kube yizicucu virtual - indoda ifuna ukwenza ulwazi abathwali bulkier, kunokwethenjelwa futhi okungabizi. Lesi sifiso kwaholela yokuthi namuhla siphila enkathini ukuthi aliyona ngaphandle isizathu ebizwa ekhulwini umphakathi ulwazi. Inqubekela wafika yini manje abantu ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke nje kuliminyanise ekusakazeni idatha. Mhlawumbe abathwali ulwazi, okuyinto zonke izinhlobo nande, ukushintsha kakhulu, + ngokuvumelana nomthetho sovremenennogo umuntu.