Yiziphi ezivame kakhulu ekusebenzeni ukuthi yiziphi izinqolobane?

Ukusebenza ne -database kuhambisana nanoma yikuphi uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi noma oluyinkimbinkimbi. I-DB yenza njengendawo yokugcina ulwazi, equkethe yonke imingcele edingekayo ukuze kusebenze kahle uhlelo. Futhi yiziphi imikhuba evamile kakhulu ekusebenzeni? Zisetshenziswa nini? Lezi, kanye neminye imibuzo ingatholakala izimpendulo ngaphakathi kohlaka kwalesi sihloko.

Ulwazi jikelele

Ngakho, okokuqala udinga ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo. I-database yigama lokugcinwa okuhlelekile kolwazi lokungaqondakali. Kungalungiswa hhayi nje ngosizo lwe-IT-ubuchwepheshe, kodwa nangezinye izindlela nezindlela. Kodwa isimiso se-systematization kufanele sisetshenziswe njengesisekelo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlela nokugcina idatha. Izindlela ngayinye zibeka phambili izidingo ezithile. Kunezinqolobane ezihloselwe umsebenzi wokuzimela ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha eyodwa. Abanye bahlinzeka ukusebenzisana nesiphakeli esikude. Uma sikhuluma ngezakhiwo zokwakha, khona-ke okuvame kakhulu kuyimininingwane yolwazi oluphezulu kanye nolwazi lwezinethiwekhi. Lesi sihloko sizogxila kubo.

Ulwazi olulandelayo lwama-hierarchical

Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu kulokhu kuhlinzeka ukuthi into ngayinye imelwe njengenhlangano ethize. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingaba nengxenye yomzali noma yengane. Ukuziqhenya kwalokhu kwakhiwa ukuthi kufanele kube khona into eyodwa okuvela kuyo yonke into. Ekugcineni, sithola isakhiwo esibonakala njengomuthi. Ukuqonda ukuthi inhlangano enjalo isebenza kanjani, cishe noma yiluphi uhlelo oludala oluzosiza. I-database yololu hlobo iyisistimu yefayela yekhompyutha.

Kungavame ukuzwakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo esinjalo akuyona into ephumelelayo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kusasetshenziswa kabanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenza ne-database kuyasiza uma kudingeka ukuba ufunde ngokuyinhloko ulwazi. Phela, kulokhu, isakhiwo sokwakhiwa sikwenza kahle lokhu. Isibonelo, ake sicabangele lesi simo: uma sikhetha ifolda ethize, ukusebenzisana kwenzeka ngokushesha. Kodwa kudingeka sisebenzise ukuskena kwe-anti-virus kwikhompyutha, njengoba izoqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Amanethiwekhi yolwazi

Lolu uhlobo lokuguqulwa kwesibonelo esibonwe ekuqaleni. Umehluko omkhulu lapha kukhona inombolo yokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, kumininingwane yolwazi oluqhamukayo kunikezwa ukuthi isici esisodwa singaba nomzali oyedwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, singakhuluma ngokuqina okuthile ekuthuthukisweni kwedatha. Ulwazi lwe-Network lungaba nabazali abaningana. Lokhu kungaphezulu kokudala i-database esekelwe ku-XML.

Imininingwane yolwazi

Okuvamile kakhulu ekusebenzeni yilokho kanye, uma sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kokukhulu, ukuhlelwa, njalonjalo. Isizathu sokuthandwa kwabo yilapho imininingwane yolwazi oluhlobene nokuxhumana ilula kakhulu ukuchaza ngezibalo. Ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukusebenza, zisetshenziswa kabanzi.

Isazi sesayensi u-Edgar Frank Codd (manje osefile) wasifingqa isisekelo sezinkolelo zabo. Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye wakwazi ukuchaza isakhiwo salolu lwazi olusekelwe ngendlela ecacile futhi enembile, esebenzisa ulimi lwemathematika. Futhi njengokwenza umkhuba kubonisa, inhloso enjalo isisekelo esihle sokuqaliswa kohlelo. Ulwazi oluhlobene nolwazi lwabantu luye lwavame kakhulu kangangokuthi lapho bekhuluma ngama-database, bawaqonda ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ake silalelisise okushiwo ukuqaliswa kwazo.

Izici zezinqolobane zokuxhumana

Isici sabo esiqakathekileko sokuthi idatha igcinwe njengamaqoqo weetafula ezimbili-ntathu. Njengesibonelo esilula, ungabona database yokufinyelela efakwe ku-Microsoft office suite. Kusetshenziswa indima ye-alpha ne-omega kanye nemigqa. Ukuqakatheka kwalowo owayengaphambili ukuthi ngegama labo igama lamasimu, uhlobo lwedatha elisetshenziswe kuwo, lisetshenzisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lamakholomu lihleliwe futhi lingashintshwa kuphela ngamalungelo omlawuli wedatha. Imigqa kukhona izinto zokwaziswa. Inani labo lihluka ngokulula ngokuhlinzekwa kweziyalezo ezikhethekile.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-DB ingumqondo ongabonakali. Ngakho-ke, okuvame kakhulu emisebenzini kukhona ulwazi oluthathwa kuwo amatafula. Ukumelwa okuhle kakhulu kwefayili kule ndaba kunganika ukutholakala okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni. Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke lapho kusebenza ukuklanywa kwesakhiwo. Le nqubo iqukethe ukudala izinto ezibalulwe ngenhla. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi, lapho abaqalayo abaningi beqhamuka khona. Futhi kuyize. Emva kwakho konke, ngenkathi kunedatha encane, izocubungulwa ngokushesha ngekhompyutha. Kodwa njengoba inani lwazi landa, kuzoba khona ukwehla okubonakalayo. Inani lalo lizoba ngokulingana ngqo nobukhulu bemininingwane egcinwe kanye nokuhleleka kokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo.

Ukuklama yolwazi

Ngakho, sibheke izinketho ezithandwa kakhulu ekwakheni i-database. Manje ake sikhulume ngokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezivame kakhulu emisebenzini yilapho zidalwa nokuthi kungani. Isibonelo, cabanga nge-MySQL. Ngakho, emphumela wokugcina kunezidingo ezinjalo:

• I-database kufanele ibe yinto elula ngokucubungula.
• I-database kufanele ihlanganiswe ngobukhulu.

Ngokuhlangenwe nakho, kulula ukubona ukuthi le mibono iyaphikisana. Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda kahle ukuthi yini ezodluliselwa ku-database bese isuswa kuso. Emaphrojekthi amakhulu, ungathola inqwaba namakhulu amathebula enezinombolo ezingavamile. Imibuzo elandelayo kufanele icatshangelwe:

1. Thola ukuthi iyiphi idatha ezogcinwa.
2. Thola ukuthi ulwazi luzothunyelwa kuphi.
3. Nquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwedatha ongakhetha kukho ikholomu eyodwa.

Ukuze unciphise umthwalo, ungasebenzisa ukuhlukana zibe amatafula ahlukene. Kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi unakekele ukuthi kunezinto ezithile zokuhlanganisa.

Isiphetho

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo luyingxenye ebalulekile yephrojekthi noma ngaphezulu eyinkimbinkimbi. Ekuqaleni, ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo, umuntu angase akwazi ukuhlela uxhumano oluhle. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho ufunda le nsimu futhi ukwandisa isipiliyoni, ungakwazi ukudala izinto eziphambili kakhulu.

Futhi, akufanele sishaye indiva iqiniso lokuthi izakhiwo zesofthiwe ezithuthukisiwe kancane kancane zenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwedatha lungasiza ekusebenzeni kahle . Banikeza unjiniyela ngemisebenzi eminingi engasetshenziswa ukufeza cishe noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-DBMS zikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungakhetha kahle ukuthi yini ofuna ukuyizwa.