Yiziphi ekuvikeleni izinto ezahlukene? Ezibekiweko nezinhlelo zokusebenza

Uma ibanga ekhaya lakho ngisho emgwaqweni abavamile, awudingi ukuchaza ukuthi yini umsindo futhi kuthinta kanjani isimiso sezinzwa somzimba womuntu. Ngisho esimweni engcono, kuzobangela abantu ukucasuka njalo bese ukwethuka anda. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunomsindo ulinganiswa decibel (dB). Ngokusho kwezinkambiso enelanga, ebusuku, leli nani kumele singeqi 30 dB, futhi ngesikhathi sasemini - 40 dB.

Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu Chile kuzosiza tintfo letitinhlobonhlobo nangokuvikela, olutholakalayo ezihlukahlukene umkhakha yesimanje.

Nasi soundproofing

Injongo yalezi izinto kuyisivikelo izakhiwo kusukela Ukungena umsindo ezingadingekile. Ingxenye umsindo ilibele bachitheka, abanye-ke kubonakala futhi uya emuva ku imvelo. izinga Acoustic zezakhiwo zinezikhathi ngokuyinhloko ukushuba we izindonga. I mkhulu bakuphi, cishe ukuthi vibration emoyeni uzokwazi ukuze uthumele amandla abo. Ikhono "ukuqeda umsindo" kuboniswa njengoba umsindo ukwahlukanisa Inkomba okuyinto izakhiwo zokuhlala ezivamile ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane kusuka 52 kuya ku-60 dB. It possesses ezinhle nekhono eziphathekako izitini, bese ungena glulam evamile. Plasterboard kwezinhlamvu, ngokwesibonelo, kahle ubamba umsindo, kodwa has a reflectivity ehloniphekile. By endleleni, ngakho. Yini nangokuvikela izinto kahle ngempela ikwazi ukumumatha ngomsindo wabo, kunokuba nje sikubonakalisa, udala resonance kakade ngaphakathi ezakhiweni?

uzwakale iyavuleka

ukumuncwa Sound libhekene ikhono iwukudambisa ngokuphelele, ucime kunyakaza wave. Compounds okuyinto ifa izici ezinjalo, luyimbudumbudu, fibrous noma anezikhala. Njengasendabeni yabase langaphambilini, izici ekuvikeleni izinto kulinganiswa usebenzisa ipharamitha okuthiwa lula ukuqagela, umsindo ukumuncwa Coefficient. Nomkhakha kule ezidlula akuyona ubanzi kakhulu: kusuka 0 kuya 1. Uma umsindo kubonakala ngokuphelele, inkomba value kuyinto "0", uma ugxile ngokugcwele - "1". Quality izinto ngokokuhlobisa indlu elingaphakathi sibonisa ikhono umsindo-nangokuvikela materials ezingeni okungenani 0.4.

izinto Simple umsindo iyavuleka

Ukusetshenziswa izinto umswakama akusito itholakala kuphela abakhi abangochwepheshe. Ngakho, fiberglass nje, okuyinto angathengwa at cishe kunoma iyiphi imikhiqizo wokwakha esitolo ongaphumelela esikhundleni nozakwabo professional. Ngisho embhedeni phansi kuyinto sakhaphethi obukhulu, ungakwazi balahle echo ecasulayo. Ngisho ezimweni lapho lezi ongakhetha azisizi, zikhona izindlela kakhulu ukuba "umoya wenkosi" imvelo: ifenisha nge ukupheda obukhulu ubamba komsindo, kanye amakhethini esindayo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo draperies.

Yiqiniso, uma ungakwazi, kungcono ukunikeza izindlela eziphumelelayo xaxa ukuvikela umsindo. izikrini Acoustic ngezinto ezijabulisayo angathengwa ukusetshenziswa kulezo amakamelo, lapho imisindo elikhulu abavunyelwe ngokomthetho (kuyo izinsana). Eziningi zalezi izikrini yasungulwa ngu abaklami onjiniyela ukuze singathwesi "ukubhala ngaphezulu" isitayela jikelele komhiaba. Ngamafuphi, lokhu kuyinto enhle kakhulu impahla umsindo-nangokuvikela izindonga zezindlu efulethini. Ngeshwa, ekutholeni ngeke kuzo zonke esakhiweni esitolo, futhi izindleko akuyona nomusa kakhulu.

Ukhululekile umsindo value. Than emazingeni aphezulu umsindo?

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi umuntu ovamile ukhululekile kakhulu 25 dB. Uma inani kuyinto ephansi, kukhona ijwayelekile abaningi "ukushaya" ukuthula ukuthi liletha umuzwa ukungakhululeki ngokwengqondo. Ngokuvamile abantu buthule ukubekezelela umsindo ezingeni 60 dB, kodwa yokuhlala unomphela ezonini enenani lo index 90 dB iza ukuqwasha, okuyinto ngokushesha liba neurosis, okungaveza iziyaluyalu kakhulu engqondweni. Ngezinye 100 dB nangaphezulu kukhona ingozi ukulahleka Imininingwane ekuzweni. Ekuvikeleni imiphumela enjalo ngeshwa nje ukwaziswa okufanayo nangokuvikela isetshenziswa. Ziyakwazi elithambile, semi eqinile eqinile.

Izimpawu uhlobo okuqinile

Njengomthetho, zenziwa ngesisekelo granulated amaminerali uvolo, kodwa zikhona ezehlukile. Ngakho, kukhona izinto okuyinto zihlanganisa ilula zemvelo, "igwebu" Perlite, vermiculite. ukumuncwa yabo Coefficient kuyinto 0.5. Isisindo izinto ezinjalo kumele singeqi 300-400 kg / m ^3.

izinhlobonhlobo ezithambile

Nalapha, zenziwa ngesisekelo okufanayo amaminerali uvolo ne-fiberglass. Nokho, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo kakhulu ngokuvamile ngaphezulu esetshenziswa ezivamile uvolo lobuchwepheshe wawungathi zithandwa kakhulu futhi. Kulezi izinto, umsindo ukumuncwa Coefficient ziyahlukahluka kusuka 0.7 kuya 0.95. Yiqiniso, ewonke alula kakhulu ukwedlula izinguqulo ezandulele: isisindo sabo ingeqi 70 kg / m ^3.

Semi-uhlobo

Kulokhu libhekisela izinto nangokuvikela for flat, ezenziwe ngengilazi noma amaminerali Imicu yotshani kanye izindwangu zokwenziwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lokhu ukucindezelwa kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezaba Foam polyurethane. zinhlobo Semi futhi abe sezingeni eliphezulu ukumuncwa Coefficient, okuyinto zingahluka kusuka 0.5 kuya 0.75. Isisindo ongafinyelela 130 kg / m ³ kodvwa hhayi ngetulu Inkomba 80 kg / m ^3. Ngakho, ezimweni eziningi kunconywa ukusebenzisa zinhlobo esithambile ukuthi isisindo okungenani babe kakhulu umsindo ukumuncwa.

Indlela ukukhetha impahla esifanele izakhiwo zokuhlala?

Nokho, kukhethwa uwufanele impahla ngokuyinhloko futhi kuncike onjani imisindo iyakuphazamisa ihlale ngaphakathi ezindlini. Ngakho, umsebenzi zikagesi kudala okuthiwa umsindo emoyeni (vacuum cleaner omkhathi, izinwele dryers, amakhompyutha). Uma sikhuluma ukuhamba, umsebenzi ahlukahlukene ukwakhiwa kanye nezinye izinto, lokho kwakusho ukuba umsindo umthelela hlobo. Ezimweni wethu, futhi ngokuvamile lesi simo lapho kwakhiwa indlu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umsindo izinto ezivamile nangokuvikela futhi wabutha luhlaka eqinile he jikisa omunye umthombo omkhulu yokungcola umsindo. Kulokhu sikhuluma umsindo kwesakhiwo.

Sound ukwahlukanisa izinto nge isakhiwo solwazi (ilula, polystyrene) ukwenza umsebenzi oncomekayo ngenxa yokushaqeka imithwalo. umsindo Air isici kakhulu iningi izakhiwo zokuhlala, kahle damped esebenzisa fibre amabhodi noma okulingana yabo. Maye, kodwa iziyaluyalu kwesakhiwo kungenziwa combated kuphela ngemva uhlaziyo eziyisisekelo teluhlaka kanye nokusetshenziswa gaskets obukhethekile izimfanelo ezinhle umsindo.

Ukuphungula umsindo emoyeni

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi le sici eziyisisekelo wempahla ukuthi unekhono ukuncela umsindo sisemoyeni, kuyinto okuthiwa ukumuncwa Inkomba (RW), okuyinto lubonakaliswa decibel angu. Khumbula bangezwa yona ikamelo endlini odongeni, kubalulekile ukuthi izakhiwo nangokuvikela zezinto (ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha izindonga) babe isilinganiso alinganayo ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-50 dB. Sesixoxile mayelana umsindo ukumuncwa Coefficient: sisondelene komunye, ngcono. igumbi lokuphumula, lesi sibalo kufanele okungenani 0.5.

Indlela ethembeke kakhulu ukuvikela ngokumelene umsindo ongafuneki kuwukubulala ukufaka izibuya aminyene futhi omkhulu ingaphakathi. Kuhle kulokhu kungase kutholakale ukhonkolo evundile amabhlogo nokhonkolo ne enwetshiwe ubumba inclusions okwanele. Kubalulekile ukuthi kwezindonga isakhiwo Monolithic ngempela. Ukuba khona noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka noma izimbobo akuvunyelwe. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezahlukene ekuvikeleni impahla izindonga ingasetshenziswa kwelinye design, wanikeza okuqinile futhi Monolithic uxhumano therebetween. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa isixazululo eliphezulu. "Ingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli" Ngokwesibonelo - udonga zikasimende, ahlukaniswe ebhekene kwezitini noma yokufakelwa kanye / noma itshe yemvelo.

Nokho, kubalulekile, acabangele yokuthi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo anjalo esikhathini isakhiwo kakade owakhiwe - kunzima kakhulu futhi okungezona eziwubala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma indlu ngokwayo yakhiwe ngezinto zokwakha izinga kakhulu, isilinganiso olunjalo belungaphelelwa ukunciphisa umsindo Imininingwane by 10-15 DB, okuyinto akwanele umsindo ukwahlukanisa evamile.

lula futhi eshibhile yokwenza ukwahlukanisa ngesisekelo a izakhiwo ngokwanele futhi kube lukhuni nezinhlobo ezahlukene ukwahlukanisa. Uma senza ukuqhathanisa izinto umsindo-nangokuvikela, kulesi simo, ukuthi Ungakanani umehluko ngeke ubone ngisho ne flooring kukakhokho ...

Kulokhu, substrate eqinile nakho ngeke kusize kungase kungabi kuphela kwezitini ngamabhoksi nofana ngamabhlogo, kodwa ngisho ezivamile Gypsum ibhodi ngesisekelo ugodo, eyayisetshenziselwa womshini ngezinga kahle muthi owomile. Ayanda ukuminyana, ngcono umsindo nangokuvikela ikhono material. Yiqiniso, indima esemqoka ekubopheni umsindo izodlala ungqimba izinto ezithambile. Njengoba sishilo kakade, kuwusizo kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo lunemicu ezifana amaminerali yoboya noma fibre ingilazi ezindaweni okuhlalwa kuzo: basuke ukuncela kakhulu ngempumelelo umsindo emoyeni.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuzo zonke izimo ukushuba ngempumelelo ngodonga akumele ibe ngaphansi kuka-50 mm. Futhi omunye. Okungenani u-50% umthamo isamba ngodonga yangaphakathi ngempela ukushiywa izinto nangokuvikela lokwakha izindonga, ngoba ukusebenza ngenye okusezingeni eliphezulu uthola ngeke ukwazi. Futhi manje nixoxe kwezinhlobo ezithile.

fiberglass

It ezenziwe ngengilazi ezivamile. isici Its main amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi kuyaqina vibration. izinto eziningi nangokuvikela ngoba izibuya zenziwa ngesisekelo ingilazi agxishiwe. izici zayo ngenxa yokuthi phakathi imicu ine inqwaba emoyeni izingqimba. Kukhona izimfanelo eziningi ezinhle ngengilazi: ke asiphazamiseki ngokuphelele ngisho nelangabi evulekile, has a isisindo ukukhanya kakhulu, ayikwazi ukudonsa umswakama kanye esihle umhwamuko permeability. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uvolo yokwenziwa amakhemikhali futhi akakubangeli ukugqwala e insimbi, yiziphi contact. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kule ndaba, njengoba abaningi ekuvikeleni impahla izindonga kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo. Lapho silungisa emafulethini nge kubalulekile kuphela ukukhumbula ukuthi engene ezinhlayiyeni ezincane ngengilazi uvolo ohlelweni zokuphefumula engathandeki kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ngomshini ezinhle.

amaminerali uvolo

Mhlawumbe, it is zonke Umakhi ezaziwayo. Kungase kwenziwe kusuka ncibilika (silicate) edwaleni slag, okuyinto imfucumfucu Metallurgical. Njengasendabeni yabase langaphambilini, indaba bangaveziwe ukuvula ilangabi futhi akabubangeli ukugqwala metal izakhiwo ukuthi kukhona nabo. umthamo Excellent for ukumuncwa umsindo ngenxa yokuba khona e oyiyo le ndathane fibre, okuyinto zitholakala endaweni kunezinxushunxushu ngokuphelele, interweaving ifomu.

Isaziso esibalulekile

Ungayididanisi uvolo amaminerali ne-fiberglass kanye izici imicu ehlukene. Ngezinye glasswool ubude bayo akuyona esingaphansi 5 cm, kuyilapho kuwebhu amaminerali fibre lesi sibalo ingeqi 1.5 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezibonakalayo zize kuqala (amaminerali uvolo) itsatfwa kulula nokubaluleka kwalo Kuthi aphansi. Ezingosini zezingxoxo ikakhulukazi ezinomsindo ngokuvamile kufanele uhlele okuthiwa Uphahla lwangaphakathi acoustic: sibonakalisa izakhi zalo lizobonisa umsindo extra, kuyilapho izinto zawo ezithambile kahle ukuncela. Kwakamuva ibekwe esikhaleni phakathi "bomdabu" ophahleni kanye olwelwesini i enamathela acoustic.

Ukukhiqiza panel multilayer

Ukuze kwenziwe lula umsebenzi, uzimisele ukuthatha izakhi Zips uhlelo. Zingasetshenziswa njengenhlangano ngempumelelo umsindo ukwahlukanisa-ungqimba izindonga ezenziwe ngezinto kanzima (isitini noma ukhonkolo). Ikhipha panel ezifana silula, ngoba aqukethe isangweji panel kanye material esehlanganise ngesimo Gypsum ebhodini. Sam "isangweji" kuhlanganisa bonke okwakhiwa ngalo la mabhodi efanayo, okuyinto alternates izingqimba yezimbiwa yoboya noma-fiberglass. Okubalulekile Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphansi amakamelo ehlukene, ungakhetha onobuhle ekhethekile nge ukushuba ezahlukene 'yezinto ezibonakalayo. ekhona. " Ikakhulukazi ngoba lolu hlobo ukwenza ezinye izinto ekuvikeleni i-iminyango.

Plus panel ezinjalo kungukuthi kokuba luhlaka metal, babe nesisindo esincane kakhulu futhi kungenziwa nasezinsikeni odongeni ezivamile izinkuni ngezikulufo ubude ofanele. Qaphela ukuthi phakathi odongeni eziveza noma ukwahlukanisa kungcono ukubeka gasket esikhethekile ukwahlukanisa umsindo. Ngokungafani izinto langaphambilini, Zips kungokwalabo esigabeni of kabi ezivuthayo, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo ukusetshenziswa panel e zokugeza kanye nezinye izindawo lapho kukhona kungenzeka ukuxhumana i ilangabi evulekile.

Kuye imodeli, ukushuba izinto ezinjalo ongafinyelela 13 amasentimitha. Nale inkomba umsindo ukwahlukanisa Inkomba 18 dB. Ngakho, lapho unamathisela Zips ejwayelekile odongeni ukujiya phezu yokuhlala, degree zvukozaschischennosti bengase bazikhandlele 63-65 dB. Qaphela: ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke ezinjalo nangokuvikela ezindongeni ukukhanda kungaba flat kuphela uma amandla anele nithela izakhiwo, njengoba isikwele imitha isisindo Zips ongafinyelela 21 kg, ngisho ephakeme.

Indlela ukuvikela umsindo umthelela?

Kulokhu-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ezinjalo, okungase dudula abese esakaza amaza omsindo, kunokuba ukuncela kubo. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, izinto nokunwebeka efanelekayo. Elivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kukho nge pads ekhethekile ukuthi ibekwe esigabeni yokumiswa phansi kokuqendwa.

kukakhokho ulwelwesi

A esiyingqayizivele impahla yemvelo, ayikho ngaphansi isenzo isikhunta, umlilo, isikhunta namagundane. inert kakhulu ngokuya zamakhemikhali, kuphephe ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo metal izakhiwo. Impilo sevisi idlule iminyaka engu-40. Kakhulu izinhlobo eliphezulu kunganciphisa izinga umsindo nomthelela by 12 dB esisodwa. Maye, kodwa izindleko ngokuvamile negates zonke izinzuzo zezinto ezibonakalayo, njengoba per imitha square ucelwa ngamaRandi ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha. Lapho le nkambo kuyabiza ... Ukube bekungekhona ukuthi leli qiniso, ukhokho izibuya lingachazwa ngokuthi "okungcono ekuvikeleni izinto."

Foam

Okuningi "isabelomali" Ukuvikelwa inketho ngokumelene umsindo umthelela. polyethylene Foamed lunesibalo ka-20 kuya ku-80 kg / m ^3, elibangela lesi kungenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwalo cishe zonke izinhlobo izakhiwo. It has izinhlobo eziningana:

• Non-crosslinked. Ama-molecule izinto ezingahlobene nomunye ngezibopho zamakhemikhali. Izinhlobonhlobo ashibhe kunganciphisa kunomsindo ngu emithathu kuya kwemine decibel angu.
• Emzimbeni crosslinked. Ezinye yezinhlayiya yakha isakhiwo sasivumela obukhulu. Ngale ndlela, umsindo ukwahlukanisa izindawo ezihlukahlukene zameno ngenhla (ukunciphisa umsindo nge-decibel angu amahlanu noma ayisithupha). Ngesisekelo lolu hlobo zenziwa, abanye izinto ekuvikeleni i-ophahleni.
• Amakhemikhali crosslinked. La ma-molecule abe nesibopho esiqinile nomunye. Ngenxa yalokho, indaba has a ukusebenza kuphela kancane kunabayeni nalezo ulwelwesi ukhokho.

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo polyethylene muhle ukusebenzisa lapho obandayo screed emisiwe, kubalulekile ibekwe ngaphansi floorboard kanye laminate. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kusetshenziswe ukuqinisa emalungeni. Emzimbeni eqinile, amelana amakhemikhali amaningi. Oluvuthayo ngakhoke akumele zisetshenziselwe kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona ilangabi evulekile. Ngaphansi isenzo emisebeni ultraviolet ngokushesha ukulahlekelwa impahla yayo zokuzivikela. Kuyinto engathandeki ukubeka substrate ku presences ababhemayo, ngoba imithwalo eqinile mechanical ngokushesha othwala phandle. Ingabe umswakama, kwezinye izimo kudala preconditions sokuthuthukiswa isikhunta. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, okusekelwe kuso ukwenza okuningi izinto umsindo-nangokuvikela ngoba ukushanela (ulwelwesi), njengoba polyethylene kuyinto eziphansi kakhulu.