Yini ulwandle ivuliwe Antarctica? Climate futhi ubudlelwane bezinto eziphilayo Antarctica

Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma ngani Antarctica - nezwekazi elahlekile elikude, itholakala eningizimu Zomhlaba. Ake sibone ukuthi yini le leli zwekazi engaqondakali. Yini ulwandle ivuliwe Antarctica? Futhi iyini sezulu yezwekazi lase?

engxenyeni yolwandle oluzungeze i-Antarctica Yiziphi?

Ukuqala ingxoxo mayelana nezwekazi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izilwandle ezizungezile Antarctica, ngoba ukugeleza yabo futhi ngibangele labo izimo zezulu lapho itholakala.

Ngithanda ukugcizelela ukuthi maphakathi nezwekazi cishe kulingana eSouth Pole (ezindawo). Coast Antarctica wageza andle ezintathu: Pacific, Indian kanye ne-Atlantic. Unofficially, amunye, Southern Ocean. Njengoba kulindelekile, i-geography ngeke uthole into enjalo.

Antarctica sizihlanganisa naso ezweni nemisinga eya eziqhingini ezizungezile, nge endaweni engaphezu kuka nane kwezigidi ezingu amakhilomitha square.

ocean eningizimu

Umangele lokho izilwandle ezizungezile Antarctica, kuyaqondakala ukuthi isisusa sabo ezingezinhle is kuhlangene zibe yisikhungo esisodwa (wesihlanu Ocean). Bona indandatho okuqinile ngempela ezungezwe ezwekazini.

Ukuhlukaniswa izilwandle zomhlaba - kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ibilokhu wafunda amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi sebekwazi ukukhuluma izingxenye ezine (Pacific, Indian, Atlantic futhi Arctic). Yiqiniso, imingcele enjalo uquqaba ezinkulu amanzi ngeke ukuchitha isici esisodwa ezingeguquleke. Futhi ngakho akukho kancane, kuchazwe ubunye izinqubo ezenzeka kule ndawo ye hydrosphere. Indima ebalulekile udlalwa lapha ukuma ugu ebesingesihle sogu lolwandle, nezinye izinto eziningi.

Ngokufunda ukuthi izilwandle ezizungezile Antarctica, ososayensi baye bafinyelela isinqumo ngeziphansi ukubahlanganisa endaweni eyodwa - South. Wesihlanu (South) olwandle omkhulu. Ucwaningo lwakhe enemininingwane wathatha isikhathi eside ngoba akulula kangako ukuqonda imodi ukhona.

Ukukhululeka Isikhala sokusebenza Somqulu phansi iyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyingqayizivele. Isici esiyinhloko siwukuthi abesifazane abathile zaleli zwekazi ngilugcinile ukujula okuhle ngendlela engakholeki. Ububanzi eshalofini kuyinto namashumi amahlanu amakhilomitha. Ngemva ukujula anjalo engajulile, iconsi abukhali.

Ngokuvamile, indawo esekujuleni kolwandle emhlabeni izwekazi kuyinto dimples ezintathu omkhulu ekujuleni ezinkulu. Basuke ixhumeke indandatho eyodwa emhlabeni Antarctica. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukujula 8252 amamitha ukujula enkulu, kodwa kamuva yathola ukujula sonar ka 8590 amamitha, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i esigodini Byrd.

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo Antarctica

Antarctica - nezwekazi okungenamusa Emhlabeni. Insimu yalo lokushisa air ingabi ngaphezu kuka umnkantsha. Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka Mesozoic, isimo salo sezulu yonke le mbulunga kwaba manzi futhi ukufudumala. Futhi i-Antarctica ngaleso sikhathi kwaba seduze kakhulu nenkabazwe ku amahlathi alo ezishisayo. Kodwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye kwaba izigidi zeminyaka, futhi wazithola ezwekazini zone subpolar ezaholela glaciation zaleli zwekazi. Lo mcimbi hhayi kuphela ushintshe sezulu Antarctica, kodwa kwaba imbangela ukupholisa lonke Nenkabazwe oseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwandle zinyamalele tropical ngokuthi Tethys, okuyinto sekuqala ukufudumala kuye nge amanzi abo efudumele. Futhi emhlabeni abandayo Arctic kwakhiwa ukugeleza ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa, okubandakanya i-Atlantic, i-Pacific, Indian Ocean. Sekube nezigameko eziningi izinqubo eziye zaholela ekubeni ubone jikelele Ukupholisa umphumela ku-Earth, ukuze izifunda zalo polar ezineqhwa, ukwakha ehlane ezindaweni ezibandayo ucingo. Isimo sezulu baba nokhahlo futhi yomile.

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo ibhande nezwekazi

Antarctica itholakala zokuzamazama ezimbili zezulu ngokuthi subantarctic nase-Antarctic. Kwezinye izindawo e ukuphela esenyakatho iNhlonhlo ye-Antarctica kungaba indawo athokomele. Kuphela akukho ukwehlukana ebusuku polar kanye ngosuku, kodwa izimo zisekhona ezinzima kakhulu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo Antarctic ithatha cishe lonke izwekazi. Izwekazi ngokuphelele embozwe iqhwa ishidi, ogama ukujiya ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela 4.5 amakhilomitha. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu, i-Antarctica kubhekwa nezwekazi eliphakeme. Ice oluyisisekelo khona zaleli zwekazi. He is okhonzile hhayi kuphela sezulu kodwa futhi semvelo i-Antarctica. Ice uquqaba kubonise engaba amaphesenti angu-ayisishiyagalolunye wokukhanya kwelanga, ngoba leli zwekazi akukaze wotha ilanga. Ezindaweni sezulu yezwekazi kuyinto of kobukhulu ethile, lokushisa sehliselwe -64 degrees ku polar isikhathi ebusuku, futhi ehlobo kungaba igcinwe ngezithuba -32. imimoya enamandla kusuka mpumalanga yezwe ukujula.

Enyakatho iNhlonhlo ye-Antarctica iyona ibhande subantarctic. Lapha, izimo zokuphila kancane ethambile. Ehlobo izinga lokushisa kungaba ngisho kancane ngenhla zero. Ice amashidi akuzona njengoba obukhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuvula rock lapho kukhona ulele futhi wona. Nokho, umthelela izifunda yangaphakathi zaleli zwekazi likhulu ukuze izimo ngempela okungekuhle abantu.

Antarctic zone

kokuma Meteorological eyenziwa ezwekazini, ukuvumela ukwaba isici sezulu esihlukahlukene -Antarctica.

Ngokwesibonelo, indawo yasethafeni okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto libhekene ongaphakeme lokushisa kanye sezulu izimo ehlobo nasebusika akuyona ikakhulukazi washintsha. Umoya owomile kakhulu. Inzika siyenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela, bese kuphela ngesimo zinhlayiya.

Zone Antarctic emithambekeni zinomoya eqinile unyaka wonke, kanye ukuhwamuka ngesimo blizzards.

Kodwa endaweni engasogwini ezahlukene ukwehluka zezulu. Lapha kukhona nokuntengantenga zesimo sezulu, okuyinto ukusondela kuyaqondakala of onqenqemeni ice zaleli zwekazi ukuba olwandle efudumele. Lonke ogwini indawo uhlushwa umoya. Ehlobo izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kuze uphawu, kungenzeka ukuba agcine ukuncibilika kakhulu iqhwa.

ukukhukhuleka ice zone itholakala phakathi ezwekazini ogwini futhi iqhwa elintantayo. Isibhakabhaka kuyinto sezulu engazinzile nge esinokuduma ngokucijile izinguquko zomzabalazo, iziphepho ngokuvamile zenzeka.

endaweni Arctic evulekile libhekene ukungabi khona amanzi ice ngalesi ongaphakeme lokushisa olwandle ukushisa kwelanga neze lingena lapha, ngoba isibhakabhaka kufihliwe fu.

izimila Antarctica

Ingxenye enkulu yezwekazi lase-- kuyinto ehlane ice, isikhathi sibonakala sebeyekile e-Antarctic. It akantuli nje isitshalo, kodwa futhi zezilwane khona abantu. Izitshalo kungatholakala kuphela eziseceleni yezwekazi futhi kulezi ziqhingi. Umcebo kuyahluka umcengezi amanzi kuphela.

Kusukela izitshalo kungenziwa kuphela atholakala lapha ulele, wona, amagciwane, isikhunta, ulwelwe aphansi. Ingcebo enkulu kakhulu ye ulele ezahlukene, futhi izinhlobo abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Bahlangana phezu kwezwe izindawo ice-DRM. Wona ekhona iziqhingi, ukwakha ngisho Peat (80 zinhlobo).

Indlela elula ulwelwe ezincane bahlala ehlobo e emadanyini ice amashidi ekukhanyeni kwelanga okufudumele. ekuqongeleleni imikhiqizo yabo oluhlaza, obomvu, ophuzi kuyinto izindawo elikhanyayo kakhulu. Amakoloni ulwelwe kwangempela utshani green.

Kodwa eziqhakazayo ezwekazini ukuthola. Eziningana yohlobo lwazo abakhona kuphela iNhlonhlo ye-Antarctica.

Izilwane Antarctica

Antarctica engacebile e nezilwane zasezweni, ezincelisayo ngokuvamile singahlangabezani elula izimpethu, wingless kanye ezinamagobolondo. inhlanzi Amachibi azinabantu. Akwaziwa thembeke ezimbili kuphela zezinyoni isidleke esiqhingini.

nezilwane Marine kuba acebile kakhulu. Indian, Pacific nasolwandle Atlantic kukhona esihle ukuze uhlalwe kuka ezinzima ice ebusweni zwekazi. Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile kukhona ubukhulu omkhulu se-jellyfish saba, kokufinyelela ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu Kilos isisindo. Iningi izinhlanzi basonta sekuphenduke umkhuba. Njengoba for ezincelisayo, inezinhlobo imikhomo eziningi futhi pinnipeds. Ezahlukene zama-seal zitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene: eyodwa ekhethwe ice ukukhukhuleka, elinye - isilungisiwe. Indlovu ukhetha ogwini lingasempumalanga yalesi siqhingi, okwamanje inani lalezi zinyoni uwile kakhulu.

Ngo amanzi Antarctica, ekhaya kuya Izilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo - imikhomo: imikhomo sei, imikhomo yohlobo lwe-humpback, imikhomo fin, imikhomo okwesibhakabhaka. Ubude ngobukhulu izidalwa ezinjalo zabulala ngu whalers, kwaba amamitha amathathu nantathu. Phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwakukhona ukwehla kwenani imikhomo kusukela abazibambile emthethweni. Ngesisekelo amandla lezi zilwane ezinkulu kukhona ezinamagobolondo, nakuba ziziningi emanzini olwandle abandayo.

Wezilwane izwekazi emhlabeni

Bird ezweni ezwekazini kuyinto eyinqaba kakhulu. Izinyoni zibukhoma emanzini, zidla izinhlanzi ezincane nabameleli zasolwandle. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke phakathi kwabo - kungcono penguins, amaphiko awo zifana ngaphambili emaphikweni. Ziyakwazi ezinkulu ukubhukuda, futhi ngaleyo ndlela abakwazi fly. Zidla on mollusk ezinamagobolondo nenhlanzi. Ngo-Antarctica, izimpilo nesikhombisa zama-penguins. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - Imperial, nesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu amahlanu. Lokhu engavamile yenkukhu okukhipha bese zikhulisa amachwane azo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bazizwa ngempela ukhululekile.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

izimo ezinzima zezulu kubangelwa ezahlukahlukene luwuthinte izimila nezilwane, okwenza kube ngempela eziningi, njengoba zonke izinto eziphilayo ophilayo okwaziyo ukujwayela ukuphila endaweni nokhahlo kangaka.