Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-Finland esikhathini sethu

Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi ulimi olukhulunywa e Finland. Phakathi ngezilimi eziningi ezizwakala kuleli zwe, okuholela Finnish, isiSwidi, futhi Russian. Ngezinye ezahlukene izigaba zomlando zishintshile izilimi isimo eFinland. Ulimi abalukhulumayo Finns zanamuhla? Sobabili zizozama ukuphendula lo mbuzo.

Izici komasipala

Komasipala selulwimi lunye esetshenziswa Finnish kuphela noma Swedish kuphela. Ukuze uthole ezinye izinketho letimbili kubhekwe main Finnish ulimi esizweni esincane sabantu emphakathini okhuluma isi-Swedish. Okungenzeka nokuhlukile nge lobudlelwano, ie izenzo Finnish njengoba imodi yesibili yokuxhumana.

amakhasi omlando

Wokuqonda lokho ulimi olukhulunywa e-Finland, siphendukela umlando waleli zwe. Kuze 1809 njengoba kolimi olusemthethweni Finland wakhuluma Swedish. Kuze kube ngo-1917, Grand Duchy of Finland wawuyingxenye umbuso isiRashiya, ngakho kule nkathi ezweni esetshenziswa izilimi ezintathu: Finnish, isiSwidi, Russian. Yiluphi ulimi eFinland kwaba uthishanhloko ngalesi sikhathi?

Russian esetshenziselwa ehhovisi, Finnish kwaba ngaleso komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane, futhi IsiSwidi ulimi salahlekelwa. Ngo Vyborg esetshenziswa futhi isiJalimane.

Alexander 1 ngemvume isimemezelo ngo-1908 kwi ukuziphatha kwamacala Finland isiSwidi. Umbusi ngaphambilini ukungena esikoleni isiRashiya. Okwami ukuthi kwakufanele nezikhulu eza isimo, inkonzo yezempi kuleli lizwe.

Phakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye uyekwa saziso Russian lwati lwelulwimi izikhulu.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-Finland kusukela 1858? Phakathi nale nkathi, ukudala isikole sokuqala okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto eyenziwa esikoleni sokuqeqeshelwa ulimi Finnish.

Kusukela 1863 e inkulumo Helsingfors University ungaphakathi Finnish. Kwakuphakathi nalesi izikhulu isikhathi kuleli zwe usho Finnish isiSwidi. Ukwenyuka inani amaphephandaba Finnish, ekuthuthukiseni isiko ulimi Finnish-.

Ngo 1892 izwe wamemezela njengoba ulimi olusemthethweni ulimi Finnish, kwathi ngo-1922 ingezwe nalokho Swedish. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kukhona isimo ekhethekile ngolimi Sami. Ngokwesibonelo, zonke izinqumo ezibalulekile kanye nemithetho kahulumeni, okuyinto zihlobene ngokuqondile Sami nezindaba ngempela eyahunyushelwa kulolo limi.

yesimanjemanje

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-Finland namuhla? Ngoba iningi labantu kuleli zwe njengoba ulimi lomdabu ukhuluma Finnish. Mayelana ezinhlanu abangaba amaphesenti angu-ekhuluma ulimi isiSwidi, engaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa cabanga Russian ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.

Tatar, Karelian Ulimi olusetshenziswa mayelana 1.8% wesibalo sabantu. Abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane izakhamuzi zaleli zwe enyakatho ukuxhumana e uphawu Finnish.

Izici ezilihlukanisayo izilimi

Wokuqonda lokho ulimi olukhulunywa e-Finland, siphawula ukuthi kwaba ulimi Finnish kuleli zwe is njengenkondlo ebonisa olusemthethweni. Ukuvela e yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, kuba ngokomthetho induna ezweni.

Ulimi Swedish ifundiswa kusukela ebangeni lesithathu komasipala abayisithupha: Imatra, Tohmajarvi, Savonlinna, Puumala, Lappeenranta, Mikkeli. isiRashiya inikezwa abafundi ebangeni lesikhombisa, ukuqeqeshwa uqhutshwa ngesicelo izingane nabazali bazo.

ezintathu izinhlobonhlobo izilimi Sami zivamile enkolweni banamuhla Finland: Northern, inarisaamsky, severosaamsky, Skolt Sami. Ngo izinkulisa eziningi kanye nezikhungo zemfundo Sami wesifunda inikeza imfundo inqubo ukuqeqeshwa kuyinto ngolimi Sami. izinhlelo athuthukile kanye ekhethekile isimo okuhloswe ngaso ekulondolozeni amasiko ngokolimi, ukudluliswa yabo ngayo esizukulwaneni esisha. UMthethosisekelo has a section ekhethekile lapho semthethweni amalungelo labantu Sami.

isiphetho

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi manje Finland abakhuluma izilimi eziningana, kunengozi yangempela kokulahlekelwa ezinye zazo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthinta nje emihlanu eziyinkulungwane nengxenye Finns ukukhuluma Kalo Finnish. Lolu limi lusetshenziselwa Finnish Roma (Kale), abangena ezweni waseScotland.

Abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu abakhileyo Finland yesimanje xhumana ngolimi Karelian. Abacwaningi baye baphawula ukuthi kubantu kukhona umkhuba kancane kancane ukwandisa isibalo sabo, ngenxa yokufuduka mass Karelia kuleli zwe.

It likhula ngokushesha futhi abakhuluma isiRashiya minority insimu Finnish. isiRashiya isibe eminyakeni embalwa edlule eFinland, eyesithathu ezivamile. Okwamanje ayinayo isimo ezisemthethweni ulimi isimo, kodwa abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-65 ngo-2012 (ngokuvumelana ngemiphumela yocwaningo kwezibalo) okuxhunywana kulelizwe zaseScandinavia kuyinto ngesiRashiya.