Wentaba Patom futhi imfihlakalo yayo

Enyakatho ye-Irkutsk esifundeni kuyahluka esuka kwezinye izindawo eSiberia, hhayi kuphela ubuhle ekhethekile landscape, kodwa futhi nokuba khona into, osiqalo sakhe sisukela namanje imfihlakalo ososayensi. wentaba Patom, noma "entabeni sidleke sokhozi", yatholakala maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Sokuma kwezwe Vadim Kolpakov ke wayengazi ukuthi ukuvulwa zayo nxazonke uyosiqokomisa yomphakathi. Riddle Patom sigodi ukuthi kukhona izinguqulo eziningana lasungulwa, akekho okuyinto engazange athola ubufakazi ucishe iyakholweka.

History of the ukutholakala emgodini eSiberia: kwakukubi kangakanani

Umlando kokutholakala engavamile kumiswa Geological kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ehlathini laseSiberia. Patom wentaba, isithombe engesiyo kaningi, kodwa namanje kuyabonakala phambili ekukhulumeni kwabezindaba, saqale yokutholwa Vadimom Kolpakovym futhi iqembu lezazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba abakha ibalazwe Geological kwendawo, ngoba utalagu abavamile.

Konke okwenzeka ehlobo, isimo sezulu kushisa kakhulu. Huge ngobukhulu into efana isivivane, kamuva oluthathwa ososayensi njengoba inqwaba USilo imfucuza, kodwa azikho izimpawu ezikhomba ukuthi izimayini watholakala eduze. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke, ngo-1949, Vadim Kolpakov waqaphela ukuthi Patom wentaba - uyinto ekhethekile. imicabango eziningana ngezimbangela yena isihambile imfundo yakhe: ukuzalwa intabamlilo omusha, iminonjana meteorite bawa noma ezenzeka ezindaweni ezijulileyo ukusabela enemisebe.

Umbono wokuqala: ukuwa kwemvula yezinkanyezi ezinomsila

Lolu hambo kuqala, hamba hlola wentaba Patom, ogama izixhumanisi zalotshwa Kolpakov kwaba eqoqwe iminyaka engu-15 kuphela ngemva kokuphenywa kwecala cishe - ngo-1963. Labe setha usayizi atypical Geological sezwe into bese iqukethe izinto okungenzeka ezisikhanyisela ngomsuka wayo. Nokho, ngisho nalokhu akuzange asize ekutholeni ngokuqiniseka kungani phakathi amagquma oluhlaza embozwe AmaConifers, bakha wentaba omkhulu kangaka.

Esivuna a meteorite wathi izici ezifana ukuma wentaba kanye engela yayo emthambekeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezansi le uphondo omkhulu zimpawu Meteor idwala etholakele. Ngisho Siyagcwaliseka imbobo dvuhsotmetrovuyu akuzange kusize abacwaningi bathola ubufakazi ukukhuluma mayelana isikhala ithrekhi.

Intaba-mlilo noma ...

I nguqulo ye obukholisayo lokuqala yesibili, kungani ehlathini yabonakala wentaba Patom - mlilo. Nokho, ikhumbula isakhiwo se- izingqimba zomhlaba, futhi zingenzi lutho olunyakazisa zokuzamazama komhlaba endaweni emashumini eminyaka ambalwa adlule, ososayensi zaphoqeleka ukuba zishiye lo mbono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ntaba-mlilo esanda umsuka (ifomu wentaba is kangcono ngaphansi kwalesi definition) akatholakalanga uyayeka futhi aqhubeke ukuxosha idwala ejwayelekile bese kuthi amagesi emathunjini akhe, njengoba kuyinto evamile phakathi yaqala yabo.

Kuvele ukunkenketha Tunguska meteorite?

Le nguqulo esilandelayo umsuka wentaba wafakwa phambili ambalwa emashumini A. M. Portnovym. Ngemva lokuqoqa olunye uhambo ukufunda Patom wentaba (2013), usosayensi othile ezama ukuthola "Tunguska umzila." Iqiniso ukuthi imfundo sifana kakhulu kwenye indawo, esisogwini umugqa oqondile phakathi Patom wentaba futhi indawo lapho okuthiwa wawa Tunguska meteorite. Nokho, le nguqulo kuba fiasco fast kakhulu njengoba larch, ezikhulayo emithambekeni olungavamile kumiswa Geological, bakhula meteorite lapho ngisemncane kakhulu ngesikhathi Tunguska emfuleni (mayelana 130-150 iminyaka). Ngokusekelwe kulezi amaqiniso, ososayensi inqabe uxhumano kanye ubuyekezo meteorite of enjalo zokwakheka Geological njengoba Patom wentaba. 2014 futhi cha phendla anything entsha, ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, le "trace imisebe."

i-imeyli engahlonziwe noma enye into?

Naphezu namandla emisebe ye-ingemuva endaweni ngaphandle kwesizathu sekukhona kumiswa Geological, kukhona inguqulo ukubonakala kwakhe babekwazi kubangele ukusabela ukubola enemisebe izinto. Spila izihlahla kwenziwa ngesikhathi olunye uhambo avunyelwe ososayensi ukunquma ukuthi Patom wentaba unobuhlobo ethile nabo. izindandatho yonyaka larches okhule eduze ke, aqukethe isotopes. Ukwahlulela indlela lapho kuba kwaqobe mnyaka abangu yenziwe yaba yasendaweni izinto radioactive, ochwepheshe sezisungule usuku esikiselwayo ekuqhumeni umsebenzi onjalo: cishe 1845. Konke lokhu utshelwa izazi zokuma komhlaba nezinye Ochwepheshe ukucabanga mayelana kungenzeka ukuzibandakanya esimweni flying lezinto kusukela kwamanye amaplanethi, ezisetshenziswa njengoba uphethiloli uranium.

umzila alien

Ngokusho ososayensi abathile, Patom wentaba ku esifundeni sase-Irkutsk ezingavela ngenxa ukungqubuzana Umhlaba sento cylindrical. Kungani ijabulise? Okokuqala, emgodini ukujula kubonisa Ukungena sasivumela ezijulile umzimba edwaleni, okuyinto ejwayelekile yamafomu ezifana lezinto falling. Okwesibili, emhlabeni wentaba atholakele amatshe imfucumfucu, okuyinto ekwindla lezinto cylindrical avele cishe njalo inqwaba. Umbono kusekelwe yokuthi uMbhalo emva okungena ekujuleni kuya cishe 300 metres ukujula luhlangabezane ephaketheni igesi, azishiye rocks luthuli Basunduzelwé ukuphuma kwamanzi. Kuze kube manje, le nguqulo kubhekwa omunye ozwakalayo kakhulu, kanye nokuntuleka kobufakazi sokuwa into isikhala kuchazwe yokuthi ekhulwini le-18 (usuku ezimisiwe wentaba Patom), endaweni awuzange ngabavela kuwo.

Yakut ezinganekwaneni Patom wentaba

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa Patom wentaba Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa e sonke isiFunda. Izakhamuzi, ngubani bakubize ngokuthi "intaba sidleke sokhozi", kukhona zinganekwane eziningi ehambisana nale ndawo. Kuthiwa eduze abantu bayo babe nomuzwa ofuna ukuphumela obala of ukwesaba, ukudumala, noma okubi. Zonke abake bahlala naye, kungakabiphi bafa: wazibulala noma edwengulwe namabhere. Yiqiniso, ehlathini Ezimweni ezinjalo kungase kube into evamile, kodwa ebusika noma kwentwasahlobo. Nokho, endaweni Patom wentaba izenzakalo ofuna ukuphumela obala zenzeka: kuhlasela bear ehlobo, engesiyo ejwayelekile ngabo.

Abahlanganyeli Geological mikhankaso besendleleni eya kule ndawo, njengoba ngawabo simbe. Ngakho, ngo-2004 endleleni eya wentaba konke kusenjalo wafa Irkutsk sokuma Yevgeny Vorobyov. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi kamuva, umyeni wakhe uhlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo iphutha, nakuba ngaphambili umcwaningi inhliziyo wakhononda. Yiqiniso, lesi senzakalo akunakubangelwa ukukhathala evamile ngenxa ushintsho eside yehlathi, kodwa namanye amalungu bomkhankaso futhi wazizwa kabuhlungu kakhulu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ke yakhiwa isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa amaqiniso, izinto zokwakha kanye neminye imininingwane ezingase ezisikhanyisela umsuka Patom wentaba, indaba iqala naye kuphela. Kungenzeka ukuthi eminyakeni edlule, izazi zokuma komhlaba, izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu futhi ososayensi nabanye bakwezinye izindawo bazokwazi ukuthola indlela phakathi ehlathini lapho kwakuyisimangaliso.