Virgin Monastery, Kazan: umlando ikheli, ingcwele, li

Sekuyisikhathi eside omunye amathempelana ohlonishwa kakhulu kuyinto Russian Kazan Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Kaningi ngemithandazo wafihla 'indlovukazi yamazulu' ukuze ikhava yakhe yayo izwe lethu izinkinga ezimbi, ngoba azenzayo nalo eziningi uhlu, futhi idume ngomtapo izimangaliso. At the site yokufuna isithombe yasungulwa Kazan Virgin Isigodlo, uvuka kamuva eziningi izikhungo ehola ezingokomoya yeRussia.

Vision intombazana Matrona

Nakuba kwaba kudala, kodwa isiko asigcinele kona indaba maye eyehlela e 1579 Strelets yekhulu Daniel Onuchina azinza e Kazan engu nanhlanu ngaphambi. Yazi kwabathukuthelisa Nkosi serviceman umuntu ukuvakashelwa iNkosi Wezulu owakhe kwenzeka endlini yakhe, osanda ezakhiwe futhi namanje ukunuka fresh zikaphayini izingodo, lyutomu umlilo. Kungakhathaliseki ikhandlela shrine lehla, noma Ember bummed out amaziko kwambulwe, kodwa kuvela ilangabi ukuze uDaniyeli ayengayisebenzisa gxuma yebo ukuyikhipha komlilo nomkakhe Catherine nambili indodakazi umhlengikazi ophethe.

Baqaphe, thina lusizi, kodwa yini ongayenza - intando kaNkulunkulu. Thina uvikelekile izisulu umlilo ngaphambi kwesikhathi abantu okuhle. Kanjalo-ke, ngobunye ubusuku, intombazana Matrona yena 'indlovukazi yamazulu', bazibuyisa ukuya endaweni lapho indlu esama, nokuthi ungazithola kuphi wakhe ngendlela ethembekile, kufihlwe ngaphansi inqwaba umlotha. intombazane yaba novalo, kodwa embonweni ofanayo kwaba kuye ngokuphindaphindiwe. Khona-ke, ukwesaba okukhulu Ukutshelile konke kunina, futhi waphuthuma ngqo uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Kazan uJeremiya.

Ukuthola isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso

Malusi ka Nkulunkulu asabela ngayo indaba yakhe ngaso sonke isibindi futhi ngokushesha kwaholela abefundisi isonto nemithandazo kanye chants waya nge Catherine ku emlotheni. A isikhathi eside ukuba imishini yinqwaba umlotha futhi Amalahle, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni, ezandleni indodakazi Catherine Matrona kwakungelona uphawu ukuthi esifanayo, okwaholela ke 'indlovukazi yamazulu'. Yaba nkulu intokozo kanye ngosuku olufanayo shrine washukumiseleka ukuba ibandla St Nicholas wayemi eduze Tula.

Okukhulu kakhulu, ozalwa iseluleko eNgophezukonke

Kwathi 1479, okungukuthi, lapho eNgophezukonke Ivan Vasilyevich (Grozny). Ukuze iqiniso, yize le nkosi yayiyisazi Febhuwari, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuba isibonelo ehlonipha. Ngakho lesi sikhathi, Found mayelana isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso watholakala, sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli walala endaweni efanayo esontweni, futhi njengoba uzolunga ukuhlela eceleni sezindela abesifazane yakhe ukuba izindelakazi ngomthandazo bedumisa isihe sa phansi iNdlovukazi yezulu. Ngakho, iseluleko eNgophezukonke yasungulwa Kazan uNina kaNkulunkulu esigodlweni, okwakubekelwa tonsured futhi Katerina yena nendodakazi yakhe Matrona, e monasticism eyingoduso amaMoor. YiNkosi vouchsafed kamuva okwakuzoba yisikhungo abbess we sezindela.

Ubani enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi ngemva kokushona kukayise lo mbusi omusha Fyodor Ivanovich, efana nje uyise, wayephana esigodlweni sezindela entsha futhi yayala ukugxumeka kuwo esontweni itshe kumemori isimangaliso wabonakaliswa lapha. Njengoba osebeni iVolga, kanye isimemezelo sasebukhosini esithinta kwenzuzo imali kusebenta kwaso, umsebenzi waqala, futhi kamuva akukho ngaphezu konyaka enyukela ezulwini, ezindongeni ithempeli eliphakamileko behlonipha ukubonakala Kazan Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Kuyo, yena lalimisa adluliselwe ubudala amasonto kancane lokhuni.

pilgrimage isikhungo

Ngenxa masinyane kwaba obunengi izimangaliso, Ibonisani imithandazo phambi isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, ngokushesha Virgin Monastery (Kazan) liye laba yindawo jikelele pilgrimage. Kusukela kulo lonke elaseRussia bahlangana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi wayehamba amakhilomitha angu-pilgrim. Kuyaziwa ukuthi hhayi ikhandlela, ngisho puds, kudingeka 'indlovukazi yamazulu', futhi isimo lomtshikatshika umuntu Orthodox ukuphuma ukuhamba futhi bakhothamela isithombe sakhe.

Lokho pylili emigwaqeni string engapheli Rus abangabazi yokuzithandela, uya lapho Kazan Virgin Monastery. Asiyeki them nor ebusika ukushisa abandayo noma ehlobo. Ikakhulukazi bezama ngoNovemba 4, lapho Day lugujwe isithonjana Our Lady of Kazan. Kulesi iholide ngezindleko-pilgrim wahamba ngezinkulungwane.

Avakashela Monastery mithi

Kazan Virgin Monastery waphinde wavakashela amalungu endlu yokubusa. Abaningi babo, lihamba iVolga, kwadingeka njengoba umsebenzi wabo kubalulekile ukukhulekela isithombe of the Virgin Ubusisiwe, lilondolozwe ezindongeni sezindela. By the way, ulwazi ukwazi, owawuthi isabelomali idolobha kuleyo minyaka by 70% lalinabashumayeli ukuqhutshwa ngezithukuthuku izindwendwe benkolo abaningi labetibambile esigodlweni sezindela, futhi uhambo mass.

ikhumbuleka ngokukhethekile kwaba ukuvakashela abantu sezindela ezimbili eyayibusa. Entwasahlobo ka-1722, ngavakashela umbusi uPetru mina, futhi ngo-1767 Virgin Monastery (Kazan) ahlonishwe khona uCatherine II. Umama Empress ezinikelwe ukuhlobisa izithombe ezingcwele zabantwana Virgin Ubusisiwe, eziyigugu idayimane umqhele koMsindisi akusho behlele kithi, futhi irretrievably acwiliswe olwandle we ziyaluyalu kwekhulu XX.

I Pugachevshchina umlilo

Ezinsukwini lapho loMfula iVolga abangu siyadlula umlilo pugachovskogo kuvukela, Isigodlo baba hhayi kuphela ufakazi kodwa futhi umhlanganyeli unwitting e nezenzakalo ezivusa amadlingozi. Kazan izakhamizi wazama ukuthola phakathi kwezingange zalo ukulondolozwa kusuka orgy onegazi lezi zihlubuki, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya.

Omunye amayunithi bagqekeza yesigodlo, bawagqogqa ka izindelakazi wakhe, afakwe wezikhali zakhe, ebekubanjwe kusukela umlilo Kremlin. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi, naphezu kwazo zonke ukuntula ukuzikhuza yayo, lezi zihlubuki azizange athinte noma iyiphi isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso noma yomhlobiso wawo. enkantolo Lasemhlabeni, babengesabi, futhi phambi waseZulwini namanje bathuthumela.

Bookmark lombhishobhi entsha

Old iKazan Cathedral, lapho amakhulu amabili eminyaka igcinwe isithonjana eziyisimangaliso ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII kuyinto agugile kakhulu futhi ngoba Commission neyaziwayo yezakhiwo unrepairable yayo, ukuthi adiliza. Ukuze wenze lo nokulahlekelwa endaweni efanayo ngo 1796 e khona uMbusi uPawulu mina, indodana yakhe u-Alexander - winner ikusasa uNapoleon, futhi le ndodana yalo Constantine yesibili lalimisa wasungula lombhishobhi entsha.

Umbhali nomklamo walo, lwenziwa isitayela zakudala, isibe odumile Petersburg wezakhiwo IE Kuvele ubudala, eyaduma Petersburg for yobuciko yayo njengoZiqu-zintathu Cathedral of Alexander saseNevsky Monastery, Prince uVladimir Cathedral, Tauride Palace futhi eziningi nezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibabazekayo.

sezindela ukuchuma leminyaka elidlule

Khona-ke olandelayo XIX leminyaka kwakuyinkathi yokululama sokwakha ngendlela esheshayo kakhulu, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho Virgin Monastery (Kazan) kushintshile ngale ukuqashelwa. At ekuqaleni we iminikelo yendlu yizicukuthwane Musin-Pushkin lamiswao UZandile Cathedral, futhi ngokushesha futhi yakwamukela iphrojekthi umuzi ovuselelwe ephelele Isigodlo, wafakwa umkhuba kuze cishe ekupheleni kwekhulu.

Ladilizwa agugile ngokuphelele ngesikhathi isakhiwo omdala sezindela - isonto St Nicholas Tula esakhiwe ngesinye ngemiyalo yezikhulu Ivana Groznogo. Esikhundleni salo wakha ibandla elisha efudumele, lapho uye kusukela igcinwe isikhathi ebusika isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso. Esakhiwe njengoba ekamelweni wesigodlo, futhi lapho zitholakala iseli nezindelakazi. Engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulu leminyaka ensimini ka wezindela kwakukhona isakhiwo, ngokuthi emzimbeni Cross oNgcwele. It kwaku ithempeli yokudumisa Ekuphakanyisweni Wesiphambano oNgcwele, sacristy, Refectory, isikole imidwebo, okuvutshelweyo, isinkwa futhi ezihlukahlukene ibhizinisi emagcekeni.

amathempelana Ukuthunjwa Kwezingane

Ekupheleni Juni 1904, eRussia onyakaziswa izindaba ezimbi: Oshayasibhamu abangaziwa bakwazi ukungena ebusuku eNcasakazini Monastery (Kazan), wathunjwa ekhaya shrine wakhe wethempeli - yaseKazan Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Ukucinga abenzi bokubi exhunywe kwi-abaphenyi engcono yezwe, ngoba kwakungathi i-kuze kube manje engakaze ibonwe ezingcwele, wabizelwa umphakathi a resonance ububanzi.

Laba baboshwa amasela, kodwa izithonjana abazange babe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho lobufakazi babo, futhi ngesisekelo sokuthi kuqhutshwe uphenyo ayikwazanga ongasho ukuthi wayekuphi wakhe. Isiphetho alandelayo isithonjana kuseyimpicabadala kube yilolu suku.

Nokho amashwa kwamehlela Isigodlo akazange ukunciphisa inani pilgrim efuna ke, ikakhulukazi usuku Kazan Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. In the ukungabikho shrine abantu bahamba ukuze akhulekele okungenani endaweni lapho wayeke wahlala. Esontweni elilodwa, noma kunalokho ku emgodini wakhe, endaweni lapho okwake kwaphila ayitholile isithombe ngokuyisimangaliso, isonto komhlaba yokudumisa esenzeka ngalo Romanov lwamakhosi trohsotletnego Kwahlelwa ngo-1913. Izimali indalo yayo, banikelela Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna - udadewabo iNdlovukazi.

izikhathi ezinzima

Ngemva Okthoba 1917 yesigodlo asewile zonke izinkinga efanayo kwezinye elinezinkathazo sezindela Russian. Ingxenye yamagceke ngokushesha nje ngafakwa kusukela nodadewabo ibekwe anawo omunye amayunithi lempi ngesikhathi. Esikhathini eko ngasekupheleni isimo usufinyelele kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi Isigodlo wagcina uvaliwe, futhi iningi izakhiwo yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo ehostela abafundi ekolishi Pedagogical.

othisha Ikusasa nabafundisi yakhelwe "ukuhlwanyela ezinengqondo, ezinhle, kwaphakade", ngaphansi koNkulunkulu, wahola sezindela esidabukisayo. Ngisho iqulo zasendle pugachovskaya ayibangelwa abode nosizi. othisha Young wadiliza izicabha namafasitela, aphihliza headstones mlando bese ishiswa lokhuni izitebhisi futhi isimo ezisebenza.

Kwabe sekuqala inkathi okwakungenziwa insimu sezindela okumele asetshenziswe yokugcina izinto ezinhlelweni zokuthenga ejensi, bese wadluliselwa ukwakhiwa studio ifilimu. Kuze kube yimanje, ladilizwa izakhiwo eziningana mlando. Phezu kwalesi yasha iKazan Cathedral, elaklanywa wayeyisazi Russian IE Starova. Nezinye izifo eziningi wazibonela sezindela phakathi neminyaka wokuhlubuka.

Ezisanda Aqine Monastery e Kazan

indlela Nzima ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo waqala ngo-1993, lapho bhishobhi wendawo wadluliswa isonto Gate Sofia, elamiswa ekhulwini XIX. Ngemva yayibuya abanikazi bayo ababesempini nabanye ngasinda ngokuyisimangaliso, kodwa walahlekelwa ukubukeka endala izakhiwo. It wabhekana umsebenzi kunzima futhi kuyabiza ukubabuyisela.

ukuphila Izigodlo libuyiselwa izindonga lasendulo ngo-2005. Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu esiGungwini Esingcwele, Isigodlo lavuselelwa, kodwa njengoba amadoda. Khona-ke Kazan Virgin sezindela kwaba nesinye isici senzakalo esijabulisayo. Ufike kulo muzi, Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow All Russia Alexy II ezinikelwe esigodlweni sezindela nge uhlu intshontshiwe ekuqaleni we XX leminyaka isithonjana eziyisimangaliso Virgin. Okokuqala-ke wagcinwa iVatican kanye yanikwa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ngu Pope mathupha. Namuhla uyisikhonzi elibuyiselwe Holy Cross Church sezindela zamanje.

Namuhla, abazalwane Isigodlo, iholwa wesigodlo Mark (Vilna), namanje encane kakhulu futhi siqukethe abantu abayisishiyagalombili kuphela. Eziyisithupha zazo hieromonk, izindela ie, sezizonke kakhulu nobupristi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yokuthola amalungelo okwenza izimiso. Ababili ngaphezulu - hierodeacon. It namadiyakoni, kodwa ngokungafani nozakwabo okuqondene abefundisi zezwe, wathatha izifungo Izigodlo.

Naphezu iqembu elangenza ezincane ezinjalo, Kazan Virgin wezindela Kazan, ogama ikheli: Str. Esikhulu Esibomvu, 5, is kokuvulwa ukubaluleka njengenhlangano isikhungo ezingokomoya ezibaluleke. shrine eyinhloko akhathazeke ngayo "iVatican" uhlu izithonjana ezintshontshiwe okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokukhulekela izithombe namathempeli zibonakala ngokucacile futhi ngokuyisimangaliso walondoloza ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yokujama tsi ezintathu yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ethempelini Izigodlo ekhona.