Uyini-Ethernet - izinzuzo main of inethiwekhi inthanethi

Yileyo-Ethernet, yabe seyaziwa e ngeminyaka yoma ekhulwini XX. Sasungula lolu hlobo LAN Robert Metcalfe, owayesebenza ngaleso sikhathi Xerox Corporation. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-'70 Metcalfe wavula inkampani yakhe 3Com, lapho usuqede ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu indawo izinhlobo ezikhona bese amanethiwekhi wendawo, futhi inkampani Metcalfe waba umholi kulo mkhakha.

Igama elithi «-Ethernet» yakhiwa amagama ether (ether) net (inethiwekhi). Manje bakutshele okwengeziwe, okungukuthi i-Ethernet, futhi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko lolu hlobo inethiwekhi. Lolu hlobo lwe-nethiwekhi inkanyezi noma isakhiwo komugqa nge velocity of 10-100 megabits / yesibili. Ekuqaleni i-Ethernet yayisekelwe ikhebula coaxial, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ubuchwepheshe siguqule, futhi waqala ukwakha inethiwekhi esekelwe ye-fiber-optic noma pair elisontiwe. Manje kukhona mayelana amathathu zezintaka-Ethernet kumanethiwekhi kuhluke isivinini, nesimo sendawo, ubungako kanye uhlobo ikhebula. Akubona bonke zinhlobo bathole isicelo kwezohwebo. Kulabo abafuna ukwazi ngokuningiliziwe lokho-Ethernet, thina uhlu ubuchwepheshe ethandwa kakhulu.

Xerox kwe- - ubuchwepheshe esekelwe ikhebula coaxial nge rate esiphezulu 3 megabits ngomzuzwana. Ukuguqulwa StarLan, yakhishwa okokuqala isetshenziswa pair elisontiwe. Ijubane lale uxhumano incane - 1 megabit kuphela ngomzuzwana.

Ubuchwepheshe 10BASE5 ikhebula coaxial lokudlulisa ngesivinini 10 megabits / yesibili. Uqinisile ijubane lokukhanya alishintshi futhi StarLan10, kodwa coaxial ikhebula lapha ithathelwe indawo pair elisontiwe. Ngemva kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe isibe uhlobo 10BASE-T, lapho emaphahla lamane ezisontekile esetshenziswa.
Ngo ukuguqulwa 100BASE-T isivinini ezisontekile-pair anda ukuze eziyikhulu megabits / yesibili. Lolu hlobo iye yabizwa kuqhutshekwe athuthukile. 100BASE-FX lokudlulisa phezu fibre optic ikhebula at ibanga amakhilomitha 10 ngesivinini eziyikhulu namashumi megabits / yesibili. I 1000BASE-T isebenzisa emaphahla lamane vytye, futhi ibanga ilingana eziyikhulu amamitha. Encwadini ukuguqulwa 1000BASE-LH ibanga lakhuphuka lafika ku-km 100. ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi abe ijubane eliphezulu kakhulu, kukuwe 1000 megabits ngomzuzwana.

I-Ethernet, okuhlanganisa zonke lezi ukulungiswa ixhunyiwe nge isilawuli ekhethekile aqiniswe ibhodi uhlelo.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini izinzuzo lolu hlobo inethiwekhi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu-ke inzuzo - kungcono ukutholakala. Ikhompyutha ixhunywe kunethiwekhi ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ngaphambi kokuba uye ku-inthanethi asikho isidingo ukudayela umhlinzeki. UHlelo Lokudlulisa phezu kwe- ngokuyisisekelo ubizwe umugqa yaqashiswa, lapho imodemu omane ayidingeki. Enye inzuzo - ngesivinini evumela protocol-Ethernet. Speed inikezwa yi lesinesitfombe-sibuko, kungakhathaliseki wahosha ifayela noma zithunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye-Ethernet-uxhumano kungaba kwesisekelo corporate noma wendawo endaweni inethiwekhi lapho wonke amakhompyutha izotholakala okufanayo high speed uxhumano.

Ukulondeka Ezweni lanamuhla-Ethernet-nethiwekhi futhi ihlelwe kahle. Ngokuvamile, abahlinzeki ukunikela umsebenzisi real-IP amakheli ukuqinisekisa Ukuzifihla kwabantu ikhompyutha "World Wide Web." Yiqiniso, hhayi inzuzo okungenani we lenethiwekhi Kulula kakhulu ukuxhuma. Awudingi eye- noma iyiphi isofthiwe ekhethekile, ukuze ibe ikhadi inethiwekhi ukuthi yakhiwe cishe zonke motherboards. Lokhu kungenxa malula futsi ukufinyeleleka kanye izindleko eliphansi-Ethernet-uxhumano. Kubiza kancane eningi ngaphandle lwenethiwekhi lomhlaba nge-dial-up imodemu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu hlobo inethiwekhi iyoba kufinyeleleke nakakhulu. Kakade, kukhona ukushintshwa, nokunikeza ngesivinini mayelana 10 gigabits / yesibili. Maphakathi zaleli shumi leminyaka kulindeleke okukhipha ubuchwepheshe, ezizohlinzeka isivinini elilingana 1 terabit / yesibili. Njengoba nemibono umxhwele ngamunye uyaqonda lokho-Ethernet, ngeke ufuna ukuxhuma kuleyo nethiwekhi.