Uthini umlayezo kwabaphostoli

Incwadi iqoqo, behlanganiswe igama elivamile "Umyalezo zabaPhostoli oNgcwele," kuyingxenye iTestamente Elisha, okuyinto ingxenye yeBhayibheli, kanye ebhaliwe ngaphambili eTestamenteni Elidala. Yakha imiyalezo libhekisela esikhathini lapho, ngemva Ascension likaJesu Kristu, nabaPhostoli wazungeza izwe iVangeli (izindaba ezinhle) kubo bonke abantu, ukuba sigcine ebumnyameni zobuqaba.

Abashumayeli ukholo lobuKristu

Ngenxa abaphostoli ukukhanya okukhulu kokholo kweqiniso, uyokhanya eZweni Elingcwele, zagcwala peninsulas ezintathu, uphakathi nendawo yamandulo - Italy, Greece nase-Asia Minor. Umsebenzi sevangeli kwabaphostoli enikelwe incwadi eyodwa ngaphezulu the New Testament - "iZenzo zabaPhostoli," kodwa kukhona umzila phakathi kwabafundi abaseduze kaKristu banikwa awangaphelela.

Leli gebe ugcwele ulwazi oluqukethwe "Epistle", futhi kubekwe kulo maSiko Angcwele - izinto, canonically obonwa iSonto, kodwa hhayi kufakwe Old noma eTestamenteni Elisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imilayezo eliyigugu indima ekuchazeni izisekelo zokholo.

Isidingo ukudala imiyalezo

TaPawula amelela iqoqo ukutolika kanye ukucaciseleka leyo nto iqukethwe amane eBhayibheli (Isonto eyaziwayo) AmaVangeli sakhiwa abavangeli ongcwele: uMathewu, uMarku, uLuka noJohane. Isidingo izigijimi ezinjalo kuba ngenxa yendlela zakhe, izwi lomlomo ekusakazeni isigijimi ivangeli, abaphostoli ezihlukahlukene obuKristu usekelwe.

Nokho, izimo awubavumelanga ukuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa, futhi sebewushiyile imiphakathi elalisanda kumiswa esongelwa izingozi ezihlobene ne kokubili buthakathaka ngekholo ukuphambuka endleleni yeqiniso force ezithwalwa kobunzima nokuhlupheka.

Yingakho siguqukele ukholo lobuKristu lapho neze leso sikhuthazo, ukuqinisa, isiyalo nesikhuthazo, akalilahlile Nokho, ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo namuhla. Kuze kube yimanje, futhi izincwadi ezalotshwa ngabaphostoli, ukuchazwa okwakufanele abe isihloko imisebenzi izazi eziningi ezivelele zomphakathi.

Ezifaka taPawula?

Njengazo zonke izikhumbuzo ekuseni ukucabanga yenkolo yobuKristu, incwadi esekhona, zabhalwa okuyinto kuthiwa wenziwa abaphostoli, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili. Esokuqala okuthiwa semibhalo ye-Apocrypha, okungukuthi ematheksthi akufakiwe phakathi abagcotshwa, futhi ubuqiniso balezo ayibonwa by the Christian Church. Iqembu lesibili siqukethe imibhalo, iqiniso zazo ngezikhathi ezahlukene ngesikhathi usulungise izinqumo ngawo emikhandlwini yamasonto, okuyinto zibhekwa.

ETestamenteni Elisha ifake 21 isikhalazo yabaphostoli emiphakathini ehlukene yobuKristu futhi abaholi bawo benkolo, abaningi kubo abasekhona izincwadi St Paul. Zazo zikhona 14. Ziyakwazi omunye nabaPhostoli ezimbili libhekisela abaseRoma, kwabaseGalathiya, yabase-Efesu, YabaseFilipi NeyabaseKolose, amaJuda, umphostoli ezingcwele abafundi ayisikhombisa kaKristu futhi Bishop Thithu Filemoni - the Primate yeSonto saseKrethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sithumela imiyalezo amabili eya kwabaseThesalonika, ngokushesha kwabaseKorinte, futhi njengokulindelekile, umbhishobhi wokuqala Efesu Thimothewu. Zonke ezinye zezincwadi ezazingaziwa zabaPhostoli basonta abalandeli abaseduze abafundi bakaKristu futhi: UJakobe, kunye, kubili uPetru, uJohane, futhi ezintathu uJuda eyodwa (hhayi Iskariyothe).

TaPawula eyabhalwa Umphostoli UPawulu

Phakathi imisebenzi zemfundiso yenkolo ababefunda ifa epistolary zabaPhostoli, endaweni ekhethekile kuhlala incazelo yezincwadi zikaPawulu. Futhi kwenzeka lokho kwakungengenxa nje yokuthi izinombolo zabo ezinkulu, kodwa futhi ngenxa ongavamile umthwalo semantic nokubaluleka nezimfundiso.

Njengomthetho, phakathi kwabo kukhona "Epistle of St uPawulu awabhalela abaseRoma," ngoba kubhekwa isibonelo consummate hhayi kuphela eTestamenteni Elisha emiBhalweni, kodwa ngokuvamile wonke ka izincwadi zasendulo. Uhlu yazo zonke lezi zincwadi 14 okuqondene uPawulu, ngokuvamile kuqala, nakuba kwezikhathi ngokubhala akusiyo.

Ikheli kumphakathi Roman

Kuyo umphostoli ukhuluma umphakathi wamaKristu eRoma, okwenzeka kuleyo minyaka, ikakhulu ngenxa lalabo abaguquka kwezizwe, njengoba wonke amaJuda kulelo '50 babexoshiwe kusukela dolobha yoMbuso ngesinqumo somthetho koMbusi uKlawudiyu. Ebhekisela ukuminyana ngokushunyayelwa kwezindaba zabasebenzi ukuthi wamvimbela ukuvakashela Okuphakade City, uPawulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo luthemba ukumvakashela endleleni eSpain. Nokho, njengoba uma ubona ukungabi nakwenzeka lokhu inhloso, ayekhuluma amaKristu aseRoma lo omude kakhulu futhi ezinemininingwane isigijimi sakhe.

Abacwaningi bathi uma nezinye izinhlamvu umphostoli uPawulu kuphela okuhloswe ukuze senze ukulungisa kulezo noma ezinye izinkinga yobuKristu sisonke izindaba ezinhle Anikeza mathupha, bese ephendukela abaseRoma, wakhonza, empeleni, okwethula e indlela efingqiwe yokubhala igama zonke izimfundiso ivangeli. Emibuthanweni yesayensi, kucatshangwa ukuthi Epistle ayibhalela abaseRoma yabhalwa uPawulu iminyaka engaba ngu-58 ngaphambi kokubuyela eJerusalema.

Ngokungafani nezinye izincwadi zabaphostoli, ubuqiniso lokhu somlando akukaze. udumo lwakhe okungavamile phakathi kwamaKristu okuqala kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi omunye lokuqala otolika zayo zaba Kliment Rimsky, naye owayengumculi omunye wabaphostoli ayisikhombisa kaKristu. Ezinkathini zakamuva kuya ayibhalela abaseRoma wabhekisela imisebenzi nezifundo zenkolo abavelele ezifana nani bobaba nesonto njengesilo uTertullian, uIrenaeus, Justin le sefilosofi, Kliment Aleksandriysky nezinye abalobi abaningi.

Epistle eya kwabaseKorinte bawela baqede

Enye indalo emangalisayo okuqala uhlobo epistolary lobuKristu "Epistle of uPawulu kwabaseKorinte." On kufanele futhi ukwenaba. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemva kokumiswa isonto uPawulu ongumKristu emzini waseGrisi waseKorinte, umphakathi wendawo lapho bamyisa umshumayeli okuthiwa u-Apholo.

Nge zonke intshiseko yakhe ukuba egomela kokholo eqiniso, kuba nalwazi wenza Ukungezwani impilo benkolo namaKristu wendawo. Ngenxa yalokho, baba zahlukaniswa abasekeli ka Umphostoli UPawulu, umphostoli uPetru, futhi -Apholo, incazelo siqu wayengahambisani nokuchazwa kwemiBhalo, okuyinto, akungabazeki, is a uyimbuka. Ekhuluma namaKristu aseKorinte isigijimi sakhe futhi waxwayisa ngabo ukufika okuseduze enombono ukucacisa nezindaba phikisa uPawulu ephikelela nokubuyisana jikelele kanye nenhlonipho sobunye Kristu, esishunyayelwa bonke abaphostoli. Korinte iqukethe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, futhi ahlulelwa izenzo eziningi esinesono.

Ukulahlwa wemikhuba njengefa kusukela ubuqaba

Kulokhu sikhuluma labo imikhuba emibi, eyayibonakala osakazwa kabanzi phakathi kwamaKristu zendawo, ababengazange ephethwe kodwa ukunqoba predilection ngofuzo kubo kusukela yobuqaba esidlule yabo. Phakathi izenzo ahlukahlukene besono nokungapheleli esakuzuza entsha engakabi elisungulwe izimiso zokuziphatha omphakathi, i-Uyabalahla umphostoli ne intransigence konke okusemandleni kugcwele kuhlalisana ne nosingamama wakhe, futhi kubonakaliswa ubulili. ukugxekwa kwakhe kwabaseKorinte udalula isiko ukuqhuba nezinye imithetho ngamunye engapheli, kanye angahlala e ukudakwa ekuzitikeni ngokweqile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ncwadi, umphostoli uPawulu unxusa amalungu omphakathi asanda kusungulwa ngaphandle ukuhlala ukwaba izimali ukuze kugcinwe nabashumayeli kakhulu ukusiza abaswele amaKristu eJerusalema. Futhi ikhuluma ukuqedwa imikhawulo yokutholwa ukudla yamaJuda, okuvumela ukuba usebenzise yonke imikhiqizo, ngaphandle kwalawo amaqaba wendawo ezihlatshelwe izithombe zabo.

Quote engendering impikiswano

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eziningi zemfundiso yenkolo, ngasekupheleni ikakhulukazi esikhathini, amanothi kule Apostolic Incwadi Amanye amaphuzu le mfundiso kungamukelwa iSonto njengoba subordinatizm. essence yayo itholakala ukugomela ngokuthi ukungalingani kanye kwakuwukuthi incarnation zintathu Ongcwele, lapho uNkulunkulu iNdodana noNkulunkulu uMoya Ongcwele kungabantu kwezidalwa kuNkulunkulu uYise futhi ungaphansi kwaKhe.

Lo mbono ngokuyisisekelo ngokuphambene Izinkolelo eziyisisekelo zobuKristu, evunyiwe 325 Okokuqala ukucindezelwa eMkhandlwini WaseNicaea waze washumayela kuze kube namuhla. Nokho, ebhekisela "Korinte" (isahluko 11, ivesi 3), lapho umPhostoli lithi "uNkulunkulu iyinhloko Kristu", eziningi abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngisho nabaPhostoli uPawulu akophulwanga ngokuphelele emiphumeleni yezimfundiso zamanga wobuKristu bokuqala.

Ngo nokungakhethi, siphawula ukuthi abaphikisi babo bathambekele ukuqonda le nkulumo ngokuhlukile kancane. Igama Kristu ngokoqobo ihumusha ngokuthi "ogcotshiwe", futhi leli gama lisetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo nababusi autocratic. Uma uqonda amazwi Umphostoli UPawulu kulo mqondo, okungukuthi, ukuthi "zonke ikhanda autocrat Nkulunkulu", bese konke uwela indawo, futhi kuwukuphikisana zinyamalale.

Afterword

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi zonke ngabaphostoli umyalezo benamandla umoya weqiniso iVangeli futhi oFata beSonto sinconywa ukuyifunda yonke, ofuna ukwazi ngokugcwele nangokwengeziwe ukuhlupheka imfundiso esisinikezwa uJesu Kristu. Kubo ukuqonda kangcono nencazelo kufanele lungabi okunomkhawulo ukufunda kuphela imibhalo ngokwabo, ubheke imisebenzi Abahlaziyi, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke futhi onethonya phakathi kwazo Bishop Feofan zatvornik (1815-1894), okuyinto ucedzela Kwesimo sendatshana. Ngendlela elula futhi kufinyeleleke ke icacisa ngempumelelo ezintweni eziningi, okushiwo okuvame buyamphunyuka kumfundi wanamuhla.