Umshayeli womsebenzi. Incazelo yomsebenzi, umholo

Umsebenzi wokushayela ungenye yezinto ezifunwa kakhulu emazweni amaningi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha kuphakamisa izidingo zabaqhubi, izimfanelo zabo zobuchwepheshe. Ukuzikhethela lo msebenzi akusho nje ukuzimisela ukuchitha amahora amaningi ngesondo lemoto, kodwa futhi nokutholakala kwezimfanelo ezithile zobuchwepheshe ezizokusiza ukuba ube yingcweti yomsebenzi wakho.

Umshayeli womsebenzi. Incazelo kanye nezici

Umshayeli ungumsebenzi olawula imoto ethile futhi unelayisensi yokushayela enezigaba ezivulekile ezihambisanayo. Umshayeli uyadingeka emikhakheni eminingi yomnotho nokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke akulula ukuthola umsebenzi ochwepheshe kule ndawo. Izinkampani ezinkulu zinezimoto zemoto yazo futhi ziqasha abashayeli bezimoto zokuhamba nomgwaqo. Ukusebenza komqhubi wemoto kuyadingeka kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala ezitimeleni, ezitholakala kuwo wonke amadolobha.

Ngaphandle kwezimoto, abashayeli baphatha ama-trolleybuses, trams, amabhasi, imishini ekhethekile, njll Kunezithuthi zokuthutha abagibeli, izimoto zokuthutha neminye imisebenzi. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imoto ilawulwa umshayeli, uhlala ephethe ukuphepha kwezimpahla ezithwalwayo kanye nokuphila kwabagibeli. Ukuze ube ngumshayeli wemoto ethile, kuyadingeka ukuba ube namalungelo aqinisekisa ikhono lokuphatha le moto.

Izigaba zelayisensi yokushayela

Ukuze usebenzise isithuthuthu, udinga ilayisensi yokushayela enezigaba ezivulekile A. Ukuba khona kwesitifiketi sesigaba A kubonisa ukuthi umshayeli angakwazi ukushayela izimoto ezimbili ezinamasondo, kanye nesithuthuthu esinomqhubi, onesisindo esiphelele semishini ayidluli ku-400 kg. Kulesi sigaba, isigaba esilandelayo A 1 sigcizelelwe , ukuvula kwayo kwenza kube lula ukulawula amamodeli ezithuthuthu ngevolumu encane ye injini.

Isigaba B yizimoto ezihamba ngezimoto eziphethe izihlalo ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili zomgibeli kanye nobunzima obufinyelela ku-3 500 kg. Ukuba khona kwalesi sigaba kubonisa ukuthi umshayeli uvunyelwe ukushayela imoto nge-trailer encane (kuze kube ngu-750 kg) noma imoto yokuthutha ngesisindo esiphelele esingadluli amathani amathathu nengxenye. Ukushayela imoto nge-trailer enzima, umshayeli kufanele abe nesigaba se-BE.

Ukuphathwa kwamaloli kudingekile ukuba nesigaba esigcwele C. Lezi zimoto zifaka amaloli anesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayi-3.5, kuhlanganise ne-trailer encane. Ukuze usebenzise iloli ene-trailer esindayo, kumele ube nesigaba esengeziwe se-CE. Futhi esigabeni C, i-subcategory C1 no-C1E zihlukanisiwe. Ukuvulwa kwesigatshana sezinhlamvu С1 kuvumela ukuqhuba amaloli ebangeni lesisindo 3,5-7,5 amathani. Isigaba esilandelayo C1E sihlanganisa amaloli anesisindo esindayo esinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-750 kg, uma nje ubuningi bezinto ezakhiwa zingekho amathani ayizi-12.

Isigaba D esitokisini sokushayela sithi umshayeli angakwazi ukuqhuba ukuhamba kwabagibeli, kuhlanganise nokuthutha nge-trailer encane. Izindlela ezinjalo zihlanganisa amabhasi kanye namateksi omgwaqo ongenqunyiwe, inani lezihlalo zabathengi abangadluli abantu abayisishiyagalombili. Ukukwazi ukuqhuba ibhasi kanye nebhasi eliphethe i-trailer enesisindo esingaphezu kuka 750 kg, linikeza isigaba DE. Nika isigaba esincane se-D1, esikuvumela ukuthi uphathe ukuthutha, okuvela ezihlalweni ezingu-9 kuya kwezi-16, kuhlanganise ne-trailer encane. Ukuphatha izimoto ezisezingeni lesigaba D1, kodwa nge-trailer enzima, kubalulekile ukuvula isigaba D1E.

Isigaba E okwamanje asifakelwe emvume yokushayela. Yashintshwa yizigaba ezichazwe ngenhla nge-Isiqalo E, isibonelo BE, DE noma CE. Umshayeli wesigaba E angakwazi ukushayela izimoto ngezintambo ezinzima (ngaphezu kuka 750 kg). Ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha, udinga ukushintshanisa isitifiketi sakhe sesisha. Kunezinketho ezimbili zokushintsha ikhadi lakho. Uma umshayeli wesigaba E evula ngaphambi komhla ka-01.01.2001, isitifiketi esisha sizoqukatha zonke izigaba ezivulekile ngaphambili nesibalo sesiqalo E. Uma kwenzeka sithola isigaba E emva kwalolu suku, kuphela lezo zigaba lapho izivivinyo ezidlulisiwe zizoya esitifiketi. Kulezi zigaba ezintsha zomthetho zabashayeli bama-trolleybuses nama-trams adalwe.

Izidingo zabashayeli

Ukusebenza komshayeli kusho ukuthi umuntu unezimfanelo ezithile zomuntu kanye nezinkomba zezokwelapha ukuze abe ngumsebenzi ebhizinisini lakhe.

Ukucabangela nokuqapha emgwaqweni kusiza ngesikhathi sokusabela esimweni esiyingozi, esingabangela imiphumela embi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshayeli kumele abe nenkumbulo enhle, ngoba kubalulekile ukuhamba ngezinombolo eziningi zomgwaqo.

Izimpawu zezokwelapha kubashayeli zihlanganisa: amehlo omuhle, ukungabikho kwezifo ezihambisana nokunyakaza okuzimele, impilo yengqondo.

Imithwalo yomshayeli

Ngokuya endaweni yomsebenzi kanye nohlobo lwemoto eqhutshwayo, imisebenzi yomshayeli nayo iyahlukahluka . Umshayeli womuntu siqu ubhekisela kubasebenzi basekhaya futhi, ngaphezu kokuphathwa kwezokuthutha, imisebenzi yakhe ijwayele ukuhlanganisa ukugcina imoto ihlanzekile futhi igcine ukusebenza kwayo.

Umsebenzi womshayeli webhasi ubonisa, ngaphandle kokuhamba kwabantu, ukuhamba kwemithwalo yabo. Ngokujwayelekile ibhasi linomzila ovunyelwe, umshayeli kufanele alandele ngokwethembeka. Umshayeli we-tram noma i-trolleybus kufanele akwazi ukuhlola isimo semoto futhi aqede ukuhlukumeza okuyisisekelo.

Ungaba kanjani umshayeli?

Umsebenzi womshayeli kusho ukufundisa imfundo ekhethekile. Itholakala ekuqhubeni izifundo, ekugcineni kwayo futhi ngemva kokudlula ukuhlolwa kwelayisensi yokushayela enezigaba ezivulekile. Izifundo ezinjalo zifakwe kwezinye izinhlelo zemfundo ephakeme kanye nezikhungo zamabanga aphansi. Ukutholakala kwelayisensi yokushayela akusho ukuthi ubuchwepheshe besisebenzi. Kulo msebenzi obaluleke kakhulu yilokho okuhlangenwe nakho, ngoba amakhono amaningi afika nenani lokushayela amahora asetshenzisiwe.

Imiholo

Umholo womshayeli uncike enkampanini lapho asebenza khona, kanye nesimiso kanye nenani lamahora omsebenzi. Umsebenzi ohlonishwa kakhulu kule ndawo ungumshayeli womuntu siqu, ngoba lapha umholo wabasebenzi uxhomeke kakhulu kumakhono omqashi kanye nezinsizakalo ezinikezwa umshayeli. Umholo wesilinganiso womshayeli webhasi yi-ruble engu-50 000, i-trolley noma i-tram - ama-ruble angu-40,000.

Umholo wabashayeli bezimoto ezihloselwe ukuthuthwa kwempahla kuncike kakhulu kumgomo webhizinisi. Ngasese, umshayeli angathola okuningi, kepha umsebenzi ebhizinisini ubhekene nezinkokhelo ezizinzile, okunye okuyizingxabano ezinzima.