Umqondo nekhompyutha eziyisisekelo izakhiwo.

Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 60 program eziningana seziqale ukuthuthukisa design zakamuva, kuhlanganise ukuxuba hardware ne-software ekuhlanganyeleni futhi emenza kwencazelo computer izakhiwo. Computer Architecture buye baba ingxenye ebalulekile kwezwe computer, futhi uhlala kanjalo kuze kube namuhla.

Umqondo nekhompyutha eziyisisekelo izakhiwo

Computer Architecture - Symbiosis yezenzo ngokuhlanganyela amaningi, ukumisa kanye oluchazayo logic eziyisisekelo ISIZINDA ikhompyutha. Lokhu Symbiosis ukhonza for ukusebenza imisebenzi umsebenzisi, futhi buyela ezicini eziningana ukuza ndawonye ukudala hardware ne-software, lapho ukucindezeleka main ewela synthesis ukuxhumana kanye nezimiso esingokwemvelo ukulungiswa ahlukahlukene wekhompyutha. Ngokwesibonelo, emsebenzini wokukhiqiza yezingxenye eyinhloko imishini ubunjiniyela nokusebenza yayo kungaba okufanayo, kodwa amasampula ahlukene kuthathwe ukungezwani okuphawulekayo intengo, isivinini kanye nokusebenza.

Phakathi nomsebenzi nsuku zonke anoma yimuphi umsebenzisi ngokuyinhloko unesithakazelo hhayi kuphela kahle nesivinini umshini, kodwa amakhono ayo ukuxazulula imisebenzi ethize. Ngenxa yalokho, iqoqo idatha izimfuneko ikhasimende kwaholela kwakuyisenzakalo esiphawulekayo base elementi ikhompuyutha kunokwethenjelwa futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Kufanele siqonde ukuthi okwandisa amanani kahle izici ngamunye kunomkhawulo, yingakho ochwepheshe ehamba phambili ubone isixazululo sale nkinga in the sesimanje computer izakhiwo.

Ngenxa yalokho we sesimanje amakhompyutha Kwamiswa ama-computer anamandla nge multiprocessor izakhiwo, okuvumela ukuba usebenze zonke izilimi eziningi kanyekanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namandla kakhulu computer, kulapho umsebenzi wakhe abathintekayo izilimi.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu computer izakhiwo

lonke uhlelo lwekhompyutha uhlukanisa izinhlobo computer izakhiwo ngamaqembu amathathu, ngenxa inani imifudlana imiyalo nedatha, sibheke kubo:

• Umuntu owasungula le izakhiwo zakudala lwekhompuyutha isizukulwane 1 no 2 kwaba Dzhon Fon Neyman, ngubani washayelwa izimiso eziyisisekelo ukulandelana. Ukuze leli qembu eyakhe uniprocessor izinhlelo kokuba kwelinye icala idatha ukusakaza olulodwa (SISD), kanti eyesibili - amaningi ekusakazeni idatha (SIMD). Lemibiko Imishini ngenxa olulodwa Vector imfundo ukugeleza, kuyilapho sebuningini idatha nokusakazwa ngokwabo.
• Iqembu elilandelayo, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo izakhiwo - MIMD. Ingabe uhlelo multiprocessor kokuba multiple imfundo ukusakaza kanye ukusakaza idatha. Lolu hlelo yezakhiwo ikakhulukazi elisetshenziswa anamandla yesimanje.
• Futhi zokugcina, izinhlobo wesithathu izakhiwo - MISD, emelela uhlelo olulodwa idatha eningi. Ngeshwa, MISD akunancazelo esisebenzayo. Lolu hlobo ubizwa hhayi computer izakhiwo kanye ukwakha izinhlelo parallelizing. Libonisa ukukhishwa ngesikhathi esisodwa amakhophi amabili noma ngaphezulu uhlelo ofanayo ezahlukene processor amamojuli ngedatha ezahlukene.

Kuwufanele icubungula siqondiso eqakathekileko yokuthuthukisa i computer izakhiwo njengoba idatha umshini ukusakaza. In the 80s kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi nethemba ikhompyutha ukusebenza okuphezulu kuhlobene ngokuqondile kwikhompyutha elawulwa idatha ukugeleza lapho lezi notshwala bayakwazi ukusebenzisa imiyalo amaningi, nakuba kubhekwa ngenhla izinhlobo computer izakhiwo kuthiwa Computing izinhlelo, ephethwe pokami amaqembu. Ngo zokukhiqiza yesimanje ejwayele ambalwa nje yezinhlobo indlela esetshenziswa microprocessors equkethe sebuningini amayunithi obusebenzayo ezisebenza synchronously zilindele ukutholakala operands.