Umlobi u-Andrei Sinyavsky: Biography, nobuciko kanye kumbhali

umbhali Russian Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich, ogama biography laqedwa ngo-February 1997 e-Paris, namuhla akuyona kuphela akayikhohliwe, kodwa uhlala omunye izibalo ezisemqoka zemibhalo ihlelo Russian phesheya. Igama lakhe njalo ezishiwo acute mpikiswano setepolitiki oluqubuka empandleni phakathi kwamaqembu tetinhlobo letehlukene tetemibhalo. Ngakho, ningazifanisi engadingekile kokukhumbula le ndoda engavamile futhi sizibuze ukuthi kazi yimiphi imicabango nemibono wayefuna ukuwudlulisela kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela.

Kusukela biography of umlobi

Umlobi esizayo Andrei Sinyavsky wazalwa ngo-1925 eMoscow. Wakhulela e-i umndeni bokusungula nge imisuka ahlukile. Okhokho balezi umbhali labetibambile izikhundla eziphakeme uMbuso isiRashiya, kodwa futhi kumakwe nokuhlanganyela izenzakalo wamavukelambuso. Eqinisweni abaziwayo ukuthi kuba imvelo kwamasiko nabanengqondo uye nethonya juqu kwi ukwakheka ubuntu zokudala. Kuyinto kule ndawo futhi ikusasa Umbhali odumile Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Umndeni asekelwe kakhulu isifiso le nsizwa ukuze uthole ulwazi. Okunabileko kuyinto Andrew awubonisa kolimi kanye Ukufunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Kodwa imfundo yakhe waphazanyiswa kugqashuka impi. Kusukela ekwindla ka 1941 nomkhaya wakhe babehlala kuhlengwe Syzran. Lapho ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme Andrei Sinyavsky wabuthelwa ebuthweni. I-Faculty of Moscow State University, wabhalisa ngo-1945, ngemva kokunqoba. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zakhe, wahola kocwaningo e-Institute of Imibhalo Yomhlaba, futhi wafundisa journalism eMoscow State University kanye eMoscow Art Theatre School.

umsebenzi wokubhala

Ngokuqinisekile indlela yabo ku umbhali omkhulu izincwadi Andrei Sinyavsky owaqala ngokuvukela Tindzaba esibucayi, izifundo etemibhalo Umlandvomphilo we zabuna ezincwadi Russian kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Umsebenzi wakhe kule ndawo abonakale ukuthi angobani ekufundeleni iningi. umbhali osemusha wasijabulela idumela esasiwafanele emibuthanweni laseMoscow bohemian, futhi ngalé kwemingcele yayo. Phambili kwakungamadodana vistas emangalisayo futhi khona ochumayo eSoviet umsebenzi etemibhalo. Noma kunjalo, umlobi u-Andrei Sinyavsky, ogama biography savela kahle, ukulungele ukwenza empilweni yakho ube esejika. Yena neze wayazi yena lokho uthuthumele zini ezazimlindele phambili.

Abrama Tertz

Ngezinye isigaba esithile lakhe lokusungula umbhali wayebhekene nenkinga ezibonakala unsolvable - ukungakwazi ukukhuluma nokubhala iqiniso engokoqobo, futhi isihlobo sakhe kuso. Akukho muntu owake ukufunda noma wezwa into zazihlose ukusho ezincwadini Russian Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Bhuka nje akukwazanga ukushicilelwa eSoviet Union. Kodwa ikhambi utholakale. Ngaphansi igama Kusolwa wayengathi yini ayecabanga ukuthi kunesidingo. Kanye nekushicilela umbhalo wabo ngaphandle kwezwe lakubo lendabuko. leli gama lakhe Andrei Sinyavsky lathathwa ubunjalo Odessa amasela iculo. It ezixoxwa ukuzidela isela ngobala ka ubuzwe abangamaJuda. Ngakho waba Abrama lwesithathu. Ngo sixties ekuseni eNtshonalanga zishicilelwe inoveli "Bathandekayo", indaba "Inkantolo uya" futhi isihloko ngokucijile publicistic "Liyini Namaqiniso Socialist?", Adumileyo akahlekwa izimiso ezisemthethweni izincwadi Soviet. Ezweni lakubo, ambalwa ukuyichaza ukuthi umlobi zalezi kwemisebenzi Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Izincwadi zakhe waphuma igama lika-Abrama Tertz ekhasini lesihloko. Sinyavsky kwaba ngomunye wabokuqala ngubani akwazi ngayo ukukhohlisa ukucwaninga Soviet.

inqubo

Kuphela manje iziphathimandla zaseSoviet ukuhlaselwa okunjalo phezu kwezisekelo zawo akazange abathethelele. Ngo-September 1965, umlobi waboshwa i-KGB. Thina wamthatha Nikitsky Boulevard esitobhini sebhasi. Ngakho, lapho u-Andrei Sinyavsky, biography okuyinto kuze kube manje ongazange enze ematfuba abukhali ezinjalo, baba isiboshwa sezombusazwe. Ngokusho icala elifanayo, waboshwa futhi umbhali Yuli uDaniyeli, futhi ishicilelwe ku West, izincwadi zabo ngaphansi mbumbulu. Inqubo Sinyavsky-Daniyeli ibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni umcabango nomphakathi. ESoviet Union wazama abalobi imisebenzi yobuciko. Kwaba kakhulu afana a ephakathi uyathakatha ekuzingeleni.

ukunyakaza Social evikela Sinyavsky noDaniyeli

Icala abalobi yaphela isigwebo seminyaka engu-eziyisikhombisa, ebangele okukhulu ukukhala umphakathi eSoviet Union nangale. isici esihle kwakuwukuthi abathunjwa abaningi wamelela lizwe. Futhi lokhu kuye kwenzeka naphezu engalawulwa inkulumo-ze olusemthethweni. Ukuze uthole amandla, ihlelwe kushushiswa Sinyavsky noDaniyeli, kwaba isimanga edabukisayo. Abantu lokuqoqa amasignisha ngoba izicelo evikela abalobi athatha ngisho nohambo ukubonakaliswa phakathi edolobheni laseMoscow. Lesi sikhundla kwakudinga isibindi fair. Abavikeli abalobi lalingabulawa kalula ziyafinyelela. Kodwa inhlangano shirilos emhlabeni wonke evikela umsolwa. Ngo-dolobha eziningi eYurophu, futhi kwezilwandle yabamba umbhikisho phambi ohambweni Soviet zamanxusa.

In ekuthunjweni

Isiphetho Andrei Sinyavsky wakhonza Mordovia, in the "Dubrovlag". Ngokwe umyalelo kusuka eMoscow, lalisetshenziswa kuphela imisebenzi eziqine. Kulokhu, umbhali akanayo umsebenzi wokubhala. Ngemuva ngocingo oluhlabayo Andrei Sinyavsky wabhala eziningi izincwadi -. "Voice kusukela Ikhorasi," "Ukuhamba Pushkin", "Ethunzini Gogol" Umbhali wayengekho ngisho uqinisekile ukuthi wadala ekuphetheni uyofinyelela at intando, ngco kulofundzako. Ngaphansi ingcindezi omlobi umbono womphakathi ngamazwe, wadedelwa ejele ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi. Ngo-June 1971 wakhululwa.

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ngo-1973, abadumile Sorbonne University eParis sika has uprofesa entsha ezivela eRussia - Andrei Sinyavsky. Biography yembhali ekudingisweni baqhubeka. Umsebenzi nokufundisa France, wamenywa ngokushesha ngemva kokudedelwa ejele. Kodwa umbhali professorship eyodwa kuphela ngeke kube okulinganiselwe. Andrei Sinyavsky, ogama amabhuku kwadingeka ibe usizo ababukeli ngokokuqala ngqá ekuphileni kwami kwaba esimweni lapho ayengathola ukushicilela noma ngabe ebona kufaneleka khona. Ngaphandle ngokuphathelene ukucwaninga. Okokuqala umphakathi kukhona ukuthi yabhalwa emuva eSoviet Union.

Kubandakanya esitokisini. Ikakhulu, i-"Ukuhamba Pushkin." Lena ngenye yezincwadi ezingcono eyindida kunazo zonke, olwasungulwa Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Unkosikazi lalobhalako, Maria Rozanova, ngokwezinga elithile, kuba co-umbhali. Le ncwadi Andrei Sinyavsky wabhala abasetilongweni futhi ithumela kuyo izincwadi yangasese kusuka ngemuva ngocingo oluhlabayo. Ngokusho izahluko ngabanye.

Andrei Sinyavsky, "An Open Letter to uSolzhenitsyn"

Ngikanye namalungu athile ukumangala Sinyavsky lwembula ukuthi etemibhalo phesheya ubilise ugqozi efanayo eMoscow. ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian kwakusala kude ubunye. ukukhuluma kuqhathaniswa, yayihlukaniselwa kwaba amakamu amabili - Liberals futhi alwa. Futhi ukusabela ohlangothini yokushisekela izwe e izihloko etemibhalo lesibonwa uprofesa entsha Sorbonne kwaba ngokucijile ezimbi. Ikakhulukazi ungathandi incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi u ABram Tertz "Ukuhamba Pushkin." baxgeki Iningi wazibuza ke ngubani ngobuzwe Andrei Sinyavsky. U-Abrama Tertz akazange ukudanisa izethameli, ekuletheni uthethisa abukhali ukuze abaphikisi bakhe. Ngo abadumile yakhe "Incwadi Vula uSolzhenitsyn," wagxeka compatriot abadumile ukutshala authoritarianism entsha nokungabekezelelani yokubukwa enye. Futhi nge ingcosana ukubhuqa wakuyisa ukunakwa ekhelini ukuthi izinkathazo abantu abakhuluma isiRashiya ukuba asolwe ngokwakhe, hhayi amanye amaJuda wasenganekwaneni nezinye namabutho amnyama. Ngemva lokhu kufinyelela impikiswano ku-Abrama Tertz e emigre nakomagazini yavalwa unaphakade. Umlobi u-Andrei Sinyavsky waphoqeleka ukuba cabanga ngesisekelo magazini ethu.

"I-syntax"

Lolu hlobo yadalwa. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi omunye izikhungo Luhambo bokusungula nangokomoya ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe isiRashiya kwakuwulimi "syntax" magazini. It ishicilelwe e Paris, Andrei Sinyavsky noMaria Rozanov. Umagazini lihlanganisa izihloko zokuphila kwezenhlalo, ezombusazwe nokulotshwa kwalo. Le ncwadi ngokuyisisekelo livulekele abantu timvo letehlukene. It ishicilelwe izinto ezazivela eSoviet Union. "Syntax 'laholela impikiswano okuqhubekayo nomunye ethandwa edition emibuthanweni emigre -" Izwekazi " uVladimir Maximov.