Umjikelezo wokuphila Software: umqondo, amazinga, izinqubo,

Ukuthuthukiswa Software akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqonda okubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila. umsebenzisi Ordinary kungaba, futhi akudingeki ukuba wazi, kodwa kuyatuseka ukuba ufunde namazinga eyisisekelo (ngemuva kwalokhu uzotshelwa kungani lokhu kudingekile).

Software umjikelezo wokuphila: kuyini ngomqondo esisemthethweni?

Ngaphansi ukuphila-umjikelezo yimuphi umkhiqizo isofthiwe siqondwa njengoba isikhathi ukhona, eziqala esigabeni ukuthuthukiswa futhi phambi ukwenqatshwa ephelele ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni akhethiwe kwesicelo kuze ukuhoxiswa ephelele ekusetshenzisweni isicelo.

Ngamafuphi nje, izinhlelo zezokwazisa ngesimo izinhlelo, yolwazi, noma ngisho "of yokusebenza izinhlelo" bayindlala kuphela esimweni idatha ukuhlobana namathuba owenziwa ngibo.

Kukholakala ukuthi incazelo umjikelezo wokuphila nganoma iyiphi indlela asisebenzi ukuhlola izicelo, ezifana beta izinguqulo, okuyizinto engazinzile kakhulu umsebenzi. kakhulu efanayo Umjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, phakathi lapho omunye izindima eziyinhloko eyadlalwa medium lapho uhlelo izosetshenziswa. Nokho, ungakhetha futhi imigomo jikelele elisetshenziswa kwencazelo umqondo umjikeleto wemphilo.

izidingo kokuqala

Njengoba kukholelwa kanjalo ngokuvamile, wasebenzisa lezimo eziningana mayelana nentuthuko yayo futhi ukusetshenziswa noma yimuphi umkhiqizo isofthiwe, okuyilezi:

• ekwakhiweni inkinga;
• ukuhlaziya izidingo mutual uhlelo esizayo;
• umklamo;
• izinhlelo;
• esephepheni futhi sokuhlanganiswa;
• ukuhlolwa;
• ukulungisa iphutha;
• ukuqaliswa kanye nokugcinwa software.

Ukuthuthukiswa Software yakhiwa zonke izinyathelo ezingenhla, futhi ngeke akwenze ngaphandle okungenani oyedwa wabo. Kodwa ukulawula izinqubo ezinjalo lokubeka izindinganiso eziqondile.

amazinga Process lomjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila

Phakathi izinhlelo kusengaphambili izimo kanye nezidingo izinqubo ezinjalo manje ngokuthi kwamasonto ayinhloko amathathu kuphela:

• GOST 34.601-90;
• ISO /-IEC 12207: 2008;
• Oracle CDM.

Ukuze yesibili kwamazinga amazwe ngamazwe lilingana Russian. Lokhu GOST R-ISO /-IEC 12207-2010, unesibopho isistimu nesofthiwe zobunjiniyela. Kodwa umjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila, ezichazwe kokubili iziqondiso, liyefana ngoqobo. Isizathu sisobala ngokwanele.

Izinhlobo software izibuyekezo

Modern zezokwazisa abanjalo ukuthi ukusungula ezivamile imiqondo isicelo.

Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izinhlelo uhlelo kanye Tinsita, multimedia amathuluzi, kudivayisi abashayeli, izicelo ehhovisi nokunye. D. Ukuze yiluphi uhlobo isofthiwe kungacacisa ukuthi ukuba khona izigaba umjikelezo wokuphila.

isandiso wayo iyindlela ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ka Ukuvuselela (kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenzisa nakuzingxenyekazi nesofthiwe yohlelo). Cishe akudingeki uqale ukuchaza ukuthi noma yimuphi umsebenzisi kohlelo computer okusekelwe Windows izibuyekezo lidlule isigaba kohlelo noma izingxenye ezifana Microsoft .NET Framework noma ewumshini Java.

design isigaba

Manje amagama ambalwa ngqo mayelana izigaba yentuthuko. Sokuphila ekuqaleni lihlanganisa ukuhlela project, uhlelo ukuhlaziywa kanye target izidingo, kungenzeka umklamo kwangaphambilini noma enemininingwane, esephepheni nokuhlolwa, kungenzeka software application kumasistimu ezikhethekile, nokunye. D.

Amamodeli lomjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila kusikisela ukuthi ekuqaleni usethe umsebenzi wokudala isofthiwe kufanele igcine ekuthuthukiseni kwezicelo ejwayelekile noma imikhiqizo software ukusebenzisa ezinye imvelo uqalisa.

design

Development izinhlelo uHlelo izilimi. design software esigabeni sokuqala zingancishiswa phansi.

Ingabe lokhu ++ C + / C, i-Java, eDelphi noma efanayo Pascal ephelelwe yisikhathi - akubalulekile kangako. Umbuzo uwukuthi, indlela isicelo wadala kungaba kuhlanganiswe ohlelweni yokusebenza usebenze ngokushelelayo.

Ngalo mqondo, omunye umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-testing software kuba nesikhathi ukufakwa kokuqala umkhiqizo kuze kususwe ngokuphelele ngenxa ukungafani nezidingo zomshini, inoperable noma ukungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ekuqaleni.

izikhawu ezilandelayo

ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo ukuchaza umjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila, kuza esephepheni ukukhiqiza futhi wamukele ikhodi yomthombo lokusebenza.

Endabeni a khulula (evulekile) ukusabalala isitifiketi okuthiwa kusetshenzisiwe esekelwe ilayisensi GNU evumela izinguquko isofthiwe ngokwayo ngesicelo umsebenzisi, ujwayelene ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo ngalo isicelo yadalwa ukuthi.

Uma ikhodi avaliwe, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi afana Disassembler. Kodwa kulokhu, kuphela emagama elisebenzisekayo Exe-amafayela bungatholakala, futhi ngokuqinisekile ungaboshwa DLL imitapo ashukumisayo.

Kodwa lo mbono. Ekusebenteni, esigabeni lomjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila ihlanganisa nohlu izinto kakhulu. Ngisho sekulingisa kakhulu elula ukuthi siqukethe ukubuyekeza amazinga kanye nokusungulwa kokuma (izidingo ephezulu level izakhiwo, afanayo ikhodi elisebenzisekayo, izindlela kanye nezindlela yokuqinisekisa). Lena inqubo umjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila. Kodwa lapha kubalulekile ukuqonda futhi ulawule ezinye zezimiso izinhlelo ezinjalo kanye nezinhlelo.

ukuphathwa Basics

isofthiwe sokuphila ukuphathwa kusekelwe noqhekeko izinhlelo tincenye, enikeza anhlobonhlobo ngokwanele amathuluzi ukudala kubo.

Kukhona Yini embi ngalo. Kukhethwa amamojuli kukhawulwe ngunjiniyela yokuqala yesikhulumi ngesisekelo okuyinto kuveza izinhlelo. Yiqiniso, uma acabangele ubunye kanye ukuthayipha esetshenziswa amathuluzi ukuthuthukiswa (amamojuli esebenza ngokukhethekile), kungabaza ngalokho.

Kodwa izigaba zokuqhubeka kwempilo isofthiwe ngempela zihlanganisa ukusungulwa ngokucubungula idatha yezifiso, isimiso sezinto ezithile, imitapo ejwayelekile, nokuningi.

amamojuli esetshenziswa

Futhi akukho sokuphila inqubo isofthiwe kuqedile ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa izingxenye ezithile kakhulu. Phakathi kwalezi zinto eziza kuqala lokhu okulandelayo:

• Chief (Shona) module obhekene kwethulwa umkhiqizo isofthiwe;
• Control Unit, obhekene ngokubiza izingxenye unamathisele noma ashukumisayo isixhumanisi imitapo;
• ukusebenza kanye processing idatha inkonzo amathuluzi kanye namathuluzi eyengeziwe.

Ifayela elisebenzisekayo ngokuvamile, ngoba izinhlelo Windows-based uvezwa uhlobo "ekzeshnika". izingxenye Control une-configurators isandiso (config.sys isetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza), eminye isixhumanisi imitapo nesandiso DLL. Kusho lokulawula processing nemisebenzi kanye izilungiselelo ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingase zivele ngesimo amafayela we-XML.

Ziyakwazi ngenhlanhla ngoba iningi izinhlelo abezindaba eyaziwa njengamanje Uyi Indlela yokulondoloza eyisisekelo ukucushwa nemingcele. Ukusebenzisa software zalolu hlobo, yebo, ephansi, kodwa ukuqonda imigomo ejwayelekile yomsebenzi ngabadlali efanayo abezindaba akukwazanga ubuhlungu. Nasi isizathu.

Empeleni, lokho isofthiwe sokuphila wabeka kuphela ezingeni wokuphila lokulungiswa umdlali noma ukufakwa amakhodekhi futhi decoders. A umsindo nevidiyo transcoders ko esingokwemvelo yanoma yimuphi umsindo noma ividiyo uhlelo.

Isibonelo esekelwe Uhlelo FL Studio

Ekuqaleni, isengezo studio sequencer FL Studio Lalingubani igama elinuka Loops. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo isofthiwe e ukuguqulwa zalo eziyinhloko siphelile, kodwa isicelo kancane aguqulwe futhi atholwe ukubukeka kwayo kwamanje.

Uma sikhuluma ngezigaba umjikeleto wemphilo, kuqala at the stage of ekwakhiweni inkinga esabekwa izimfanelo eziningana:

• ukudalwa isigubhu module uhlobo sigubhu imishini efana Yamaha RX, kodwa eyodwa-shot-isampula noma ukulandelana e WAV format, eqoshiwe bukhoma in the studio;
• ukuhlanganiswa ohlelweni lokusebenza le-Windows;
• kungenzeka iphrojekthi ukuthekelisa WAV, MP3 kanye Ogg;
• ukuhambisana amaphrojekthi nge isicelo ezengeziwe elinuka Amaculo.

"C" kusho izilimi izinhlelo ayesetshenziswa esigabeni ukuthuthukiswa. Kodwa endaweni yesikhulumi wabheka sasivumela zazingavumi kahle futhi bengenalo enganikanga kumsebenzisi wokugcina oyifunayo izinga umsindo.

Kule ndaba, ngesikhathi sokuhlola futhi ilungise inkinga esiteji onjiniyela kwadingeka ukuba ahambe ngendlela ye-German Corporation Steinberg futhi zisebenza izidingo eziyisisekelo umsindo umshayeli usekelo imodi Okugcwele Duplex. izinga Sound wayemude futhi bavunyelwe ukushintsha Tempo, iphimbo kanye abeke ezengeziwe FX-imiphumela ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukuqedwa ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-software ubhekwa ekhishwa inguqulo yokuqala esemthethweni FL Studio, okuyinto, ngokungafani oyise, wayekade agcwele sequencer esibonakalayo nge ikhono ukuhlela izilungiselelo virtual 64-isiteshi ukuxuba console nge kwalokho angenamkhawulo amathrekhi alalelwayo nama-MIDI-amathrekhi.

Wokukhuthazwa uhlelo akagcinanga lapho. At the stage of ukuphathwa project usekelo yokuxhuma VST format izijobelelo laqanjwa (sokuqala, sesibili, bese version lwesithathu), kanye akhiwa Steinberg. ukukhuluma Cishe, iyiphi synthesizer virtual esekela VST-host Ungaxhuma hlelo.

Akumangazi ukuthi ngokushesha yimuphi umqambi angasebenzisa analogy 'nensimbi' onobuhle, ezifana amasethi ephelele imisindo kanye ethandwa Korg M1. Okuningi - ngaphezulu. Isicelo amamojuli ezifana Yama Izigubhu noma ipulaki jikelele Kontakt ukuyodlala imisindo bukhoma zomculo zangempela, aqoshiwe bonke shades ukuhambisana e studios okhokhelwayo.

Onjiniyela baye bazama ukufeza izinga esiphezulu nokudala usekelo umshayeli ASIO4ALL, ngubani kwenzakala ukuncishiselwa ngaphezu Mode Okugcwele Duplex. Ngenxa yalokho, i-bitrate anda. Namuhla, ikhwalithi akhishelwe khona ifayela lokulalelwayo kungenzeka 320 kbit / s ngesilinganiso zalokho 192 kHz. Futhi lokhu professional umsindo.

Njengoba for the version kokuqala sokuphila yayo yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi eqeda ngokuphelele, kodwa amazwi anjalo lilinganiselwe ngoba isicelo kuphela yashintsha igama layo, futhi uye wathola amathuba amasha.

amathemba ukuthuthukiswa

Ziyini izigaba lomjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila, kuyacaca kakade. Kodwa lapha ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obufana kufanele kuxoxiswane ngokwehlukile.

Akubuzwa ukuthi yimuphi unjiniyela isofthiwe akanandaba ukudala umkhiqizo odlulayo, okuyinto neze alinikeza emakethe iminyaka eminingi. Esikhathini esizayo, wonke umuntu obheka ukusetshenziswa eside. Lokhu kungafezwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kodwa njengoba umthetho, cishe bonke of them ubilise phansi ukhiphe izibuyekezo noma izinguqulo ezintsha software.

Ngisho esimweni se-Windows, ukuthambekela okunjalo kungabonakala ngeso lenyama. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi namuhla kukhona okungenani umsebenzisi oyedwa, usebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana izinguqulo 3.1, 95, 98, noma Eyinkulungwane. Ukuphila kwabo umjikelezo luvaliwe ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-version XP. Kodwa nakhu version iseva ku NT ubuchwepheshe esekelwe zisasebenza namanje. Ngisho Windows 2000, namuhla akuyona kuphela efanele kakhulu, kodwa ngandlela-thile ukufakwa noma ukuphepha odlulele ngentuthuko yakamuva. Kungokufanayo uya NT 4.0 izinhlelo, kanye ukuhlela kabusha ezikhethekile Windows Server 2012.

Kodwa-ke uma liqhathanisa lwalezi nhlelo namanje uthi ukusekela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa block ngesikhathi Vista is ngokucacile uhlangabezana umjikelezo kwelanga. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kwaba konke ungakapheli, ngakho namanje futhi iphutha uqobo, futhi kwamaphutha ohlelweni sayo sokuvikeleka yayiningi ukuze sikwazi kuphela ukuqagela mayelana ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukwethula isixazululo Isofthiwe untenable.

Kodwa uma sikhuluma iqiniso lokuthi ukuthuthukiswa software anoma yiluphi uhlobo (control noma isicelo) akuyona esikhundleni, singase kuphela amaqiniso. Phela, namuhla kuziwa hhayi izinhlelo kuphela ikhompyutha namadivayisi eselula, futhi lapho ubuchwepheshe ngokuvamile ngaphambi emkhakheni computer. Ukubukeka chips processor esekelwe cores eziyisishiyagalombili - akuyona isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke? Kodwa namanje, akuzona zonke laptop kungaba ukuziqhayisa kokuba onjalo 'nensimbi'.

Ezinye imibuzo eyengeziwe

Ngokuqondene ukuqonda isofthiwe umjikeleto wemphilo, ukusho ukuthi waphelela esithile isikhathi, kungaba ngokungenasizathu kakhulu, ngoba isofthiwe usenayo ukusekela onjiniyela ukwakha kubo. Kunalokho, ukuphela libhekisela izicelo legacy musa nezidingo izinhlelo yesimanje futhi ayikwazi ukusebenza kule ndawo.

Kodwa ngisho nangosizo yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, abaningi babo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ayikwazi eyaqinisa. Bese kuzodingeka wenze isinqumo noma ukukhipha izibuyekezo noma ukubukezwa okuphelele wonke umqondo, ekuqaleni linamathele software. Yingakho - futhi umjikelezo entsha nge ushintsho izimo kokuqala, imvelo nokuthuthukiswa, ukuhlolwa, futhi kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa eside endaweni ethile.

Kodwa ngo-ubuchwepheshe bama-computer namuhla ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa ngokuzenzakalela zokulawula (ACS), okuyinto asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto. Ngisho uhlelo lokusebenza, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu izinhlelo ezikhethekile, ulahlekelwa.

Imvelo efanayo esekelwe Basic kufundisa kakhulu ethandwa ezingaphezu kuka-Windows-system. Futhi mayelana isofthiwe isicelo ngaphansi Unix-uhlelo asikhulumi nhlobo. Yini engingayisho, uma cishe ngaso sonke amanethiwekhi okuxhumana we efanayo e-United States sisebenza ngokukhethekile kuzo. By the way, uhlelo ezifana Linux ne-Android, futhi, zase Ekuqaleni kulengxenyekazi. Ngakho-ke, cishe, Unix amathemba okungaphezu kwalokho zonke ezinye imikhiqizo kuhlanganiswe.

esikhundleni umphumela

It uhlala ukuze ungeze ukuthi kuleli cala kukhona imigomo ejwayelekile futhi izigaba zomjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila kuphela. Eqinisweni, ngisho umsebenzi wokuqala ingahluka kakhulu. Ngakho, kungaba umehluko waphawula kwamanye izigaba.

Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa core ubuchwepheshe imikhiqizo software nokusekela kwabo okwalandela kumele kucace. Kukho konke, kufanele acabangele imininingwane isofthiwe wadala, futhi imvelo lapho okuthiwa kumele basebenze, bese kuthi kungenzeka izinhlelo enikeziwe kumsebenzisi wokugcina noma ukukhiqizwa, nokunye okuningi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi ukuphila imijikelezo ingase ixhomeke endleleni ukuphuthuma amathuluzi ukuthuthukiswa. Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, ezinye izinhlelo ulimi ongasasebenzi, akekho ngeke akwenze ukubhala izinhlelo kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo, futhi nakakhulu - ukwethula kwabo emsebenzini wokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo zokulawula. Kukhona kakade ziqokonyiswe ngisho program, futhi abakhangisi abadinga isinyathelo ngokushesha yezinguquko emakethe computer. Futhi kukhona Ochwepheshe emhlabeni, akukho kakhulu. Izisebenzi kakhulu afanelekayo, ikhono ukugcina isandla sakhe phezu uhlanganise emakethe, ngokuba ethandwa kakhulu. Futhi ngokuvamile okuthiwa "okhadinali mthetho oqondile", lapho kuncike impumelelo noma ukunqotshwa imikhiqizo ethile isofthiwe emkhakheni IT.

Ake sithi zingakubonisi njalo ukuqonda okushiwo hlelo, kodwa kusobala ukuthi akwazi ukunquma imodeli lomjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila futhi ubude besikhathi kwesicelo sabo, esekelwe izitayela global kule ndawo. Kuphatfwa ngemphumelelo ngokuvamile inika Imiphumela obuphathekayo. Yebo, okungenani PR-ubuchwepheshe, ukukhangisa, nokunye. D. Can kunoma uluphi uhlelo lokusebenza umsebenzisi akudingekile, kodwa uma nje iyasebenza ukuziqhayisa umsebenzisi ukufakwa ke. It has, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ezingeni esesimweni sokungaphili ngokuphelele (umphumela efanayo uzimele 25th lapho ulwazi Ufakwa umqondo umsebenzisi, kungakhathaliseki yena).

Yiqiniso, buchwepheshe emhlabeni zivinjelwe, kodwa iningi lethu ngisho bazi kahle ukuthi ingasetshenziswa namanje ukuthonya ingqondo enganakile ngendlela ethile. Lokho kuphela kuyinto "zombie" iziteshi izindaba noma internet sites, ingasaphathwa ukusetshenziswa amathuluzi anamandla kakhudlwana, ezifana ukuchayeka infrasound (lokhu isicelo ukukhiqizwa efanayo opera), ukuze umuntu bangezwa ukwesaba noma imizwa okungalungile.

Ukubuyela isofthiwe, kufanele wanezela ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo ekuqaleni usebenzisa umsindo, amehlo umsebenzisi. Futhi ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lezo zinhlelo zokusebenza iphila ngaphezulu kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo. Yiqiniso, anda futhi umjikelezo isofthiwe ukuphila, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umsebenzi likhokhelwa ekuqaleni. Futhi lokhu, ngeshwa, isetshenziswa onjiniyela abaningi ukuthi kuphakamisa ukungabaza mayelana semthethweni izindlela ezinjalo.

Kodwa hhayi okwethu ukwahlulela. Mhlawumbe kusho ngokuchaza ukusongela okunjalo ezinkulumweni ezothuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Nakuba lena kuphela nje, kodwa, ngokuvumelana abanye abahlaziyi kanye nochwepheshe, ukuba ngokoqobo zimbalwa kakhulu. Uma usuvele udale ikhophi amanethiwekhi yezinzwa zobuchopho bomuntu, kuyobe sekwenzekani?