Ukwakheka nemisebenzi analyzer ezibukwayo. uhlaka umbono

Ukuze uxhumane nezwe ngaphandle, umuntu kumelwe athole abuye ahlaziye ulwazi kusuka imvelo bangaphandle. Kuze kube yimanje, ubunjalo kanye pha yakhe izinzwa. Eziyisithupha kuzo: amehlo, izindlebe, ulimi, ekhaleni, isikhumba, futhi ama-apharathasi vestibular. Ngakho, umuntu akha khona ukumelwa kwabo bonke ozungezayo kuye futhi emkhulu ngenxa ezibukwayo, sokuzwa, olfactory, ethintekayo, gustatory futhi emizweni kinesthetic.

Kungaba neze wagomela ngokuthi abanye isitho umuzwa kubalulekile ukwedlula abanye. Bona umphelelisi nomunye, ukudala isithombe okuphelele kwalelizwe lamanje. Kodwa lokho iningi lonke ulwazi - kufike ku-90%! - abantu azibonayo usebenzisa iso - kuyiqiniso. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lokhu kwaziswa singena ingqondo, futhi kubonakala kanjani ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwayo, kubalulekile ukucabanga isakhiwo nomsebenzi analyzer ezibukwayo.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule analyzer ezibukwayo

Ngenxa okuqonda sibonwa sifunda okwengeziwe isayizi, simo, Umbala, ilungiselelo mutual izinto zezwe, ukunyakaza kwabo noma baxhashazwe. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi multi-step. umbono uhlelo ekusebenziseni irisidi nokucutshungulwa esizibonayo, ngalokho lunikeze - - Ukwakheka nemisebenzi analyzer ezibukwayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, kungenzeka ukwaba (a idatha okokufaka eyamukelayo) neuropathy, nekuhlatiya ingxenye conductive. Ithola ulwazi eyalo uhlelo yokwamukela ebandakanya yeso futhi izinhlelo asizayo, futhi eminye ke uthunyelwa nge emsipheni optic kuya izikhungo ezifanele zobuchopho, lapho kusetshenzwe futhi akhiwa ebukwayo. Yonke iminyango we analyzer ezibukwayo kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni.

Kanjani iso. Olwelwesini yeso

Amehlo zibhangqwe izitho. inhlamvu yeso ngamunye sifana kancane isicaba ibhola ukuma futhi yakhiwa izingqimba eziningana: elingaphandle, maphakathi kanye kwangaphakathi oluzungezile isikhoxe esigcwele uketshezi esweni.

Udonga lwangaphandle - capsule obukhulu fibrous esilondoloza ukuma esweni futhi livikela izakhiwo zayo zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwe eziyisithupha ukulungisa imisipha motor yeso. Udonga lwangaphandle siqukethe esobala phambi ingxenye - cornea kanye nangemuva, opaque - sclera.

I-cornea yiso abezindaba yezokubona, kuba convex, unombono lens futhi, esikhundleni salokho, wenziwe izingqimba eziningana. It akanawo imithambo yegazi, kodwa ziningi kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa. ezimhlophe bluish noma sclera, ingxenye ebonakalayo ngokuvamile okuthiwa amaprotheni amehlo kwakhiwa kusuka ezicutshini. Ukuze wakhe futhi imisipha enamathiselwe, ukuhlinzeka iso iphendula.

Isendlalelo phakathi uthinta inhlamvu yeso

choroid Isilinganiso ehilelekile izinqubo umzimba, ukuhlinzeka iso umsoco futhi Ukuhoxiswa imikhiqizo umzimba. Ngaphambili, ingxenye ephawuleka kakhulu ngakho - kungcono Iris. izidakamizwa esikhunjeni e iris, noma kunalokho, senani kunqunywa ngamunye Hue iso womuntu kusukela blue, uma akwanele ukuba hazel, uma ngokwanele. Lapho sombala engekho, njengoba kwenzeka albino, kuba sobala plexus semithambo, futhi iris iba bomvu.

Iris itholakala nje ngemuva cornea, isisekelo salo imisipha. Kuboshwe umfundi - round imbobo iris igxile - sibonga le misipha ilawula Ukungena ukukhanya ku iso dilates ngesikhathi ukukhanya ongaphakeme futhi tapering at esikhanya kakhulu. Kuyinto phambili iris ciliary (ciliary) emzimbeni. Inhloso yalolu ingxenye analyzer esizibonayo ukukhiqiza uketshezi ukuthi uyasondla iso labo neminyango ukuthi akudingeki ezitsheni zabo siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba ciliary unomthelela oqondile phezu ukushuba we lens esebenzisa nemisipha ekhethekile.

I posterior ingxenye yeso ungqimba oluphakathi nendawo iyona choroid, noma langempela semithambo iso igobolondo cishe ngokuphelele yegazi ubukhulu ezahlukene.

-retina

Ngaphakathi, ungqimba thinnest, - akha i-retina noma retina is by ezinzwa. Kukhona bezibona oqondile yokuhlaziya okuyinhloko kanye esizibonayo. Ingxenye engemuva siqukethe photoreceptor ekhethekile Izigaxa ngokuthi (7 mn) nama-rod (130 mn). Is they banesibopho bezibona izinto iso.

Izigaxa banesibopho ukuqashelwa umbala ukunikeza umbono emaphakathi ikuvumela ukuba ubone imininingwane emihle. Ngezinduku ekubeni more sensitive, ukunikeza umuntu ithuba ukubona ngemibala omnyama nomhlophe ezimweni ongaphakeme ukukhanya, futhi banesibopho umbono neuropathy. Izigaxa Iningi bagxila kule okuthiwa indawo ophuzi phambi umfundi, kancane ngenhla emnyango emsipheni optic. Le ndawo esiphezulu acuity ezibukwayo. I-retina, kanye zonke izingxenye analyzer ezibukwayo, isakhiwo akulula - e oyiyo ukwaba 10 izingqimba.

Isakhiwo ingaphakathi iso

core Ocular siqukethe lens, namagumbi Vitreous egcwele uketshezi. Kubonakala njengendlela lens convex nhlangothi zombili lens okusobala. Akanalo imithambo yegazi noma kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa futhi imiswe okwesikhashana kusuka-spikes ezizungezile umzimba ciliary, imisipha okuyinto ushintshe ugobile yayo. Leli khono ngokuthi yokuhlala futhi usiza iso ukugxila eduze noma kunalokho, izifundo ezikude.

Ahambisana Naleli lens, ukunamathela nalokho futhi eminye ukuze bonke ubuso retina, wahlela Vitreous. Lena into ecacile gelatinous ayizwayo iningi ivolumu isitho mbono. Ukwakheka lokhu gelatinous mass 98% - amanzi. Injongo yale ncwajana - ethwele imisebe yokukhanya isinxephezelo intraocular ingcindezi izinguquko, ukusekela ukuqinisela of ukuma yeso.

Anterior ekamelweni iphahlwe i-cornea ne-iris. It is zixhunywe umfundi nge ekamelweni elingemuva iyincane, esukela iris lens. Bobabili ingaphakathi intraocular egcwele uketshezi, ukhiphela ngokukhululekile phakathi kwazo.

kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya

ezibukwayo analyzer uhlelo ezifana nokuthi ekuqaleni imisebe yokukhanya kuthiwa refracted futhi nigxilile ngokucabanga cornea idlule iris egumbini anterior. Esebenzisa ingxenye umfundi maphakathi ukukhanya ewela lens, lapho esinembile ngokugxila, bese ngomzimba Vitreous - retina. Kulindeleke kuyi-retina yesithombe sifundvo encishisiwe futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ifomu nabokhulumile kanye namandla we imisebe yokukhanya photoreceptors ibe emsipheni amaza. Ulwazi nge emsipheni optic ingena ubuchopho. Beka kuyi-retina, lapho emsipheni optic, akububonisi photoreceptors, abizwa kanjalo indawo abayizimpumputhe.

Locomotion uhlaka umbono

Eye ukuze phendula esifike ezintweni, kumele kube ephathekayo. Phakathi ukunyakaza apharathasi ezibukwayo ukuhlangabezana amabhangqa amathathu imisipha iso: amabili namabhuzu iqonde futhi omunye etshekile. Lezi imisipha cishe kunazo ngesivinini emzimbeni womuntu. Kulawula ukuhamba emsipheni inhlamvu yeso oculomotor. Yena ixhuma isimiso sezinzwa ezine imisipha iso eziyisithupha sibanike umsebenzi ezanele nokunyakaza ehlelekile emehlweni. Uma emsipheni oculomotor, nganoma isiphi isizathu, uyeke ukusebenza kahle, lubonakaliswa izimpawu ezinhlobonhlobo: strabismus, ptosis leminyaka, izinto double, mydriasis, indawo iziyaluyalu, iso protrusion.

Uhlelo ayisivikelo iso

Iqhubeka isihloko sale ncwadi, njengoba isakhiwo nomsebenzi analyzer ezibukwayo, ingasaphathwa izinhlelo ezivikela ke. I inhlamvu yeso itholakala ithambo ingaphakathi - emzileni, ku umcamelo ukushaqeka-iyavuleka fat, lapho ngokuphephile bavikelekile umthelela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho emzileni, emzimbeni ayisivikelo apharathasi kuhlanganisa nezinkophe yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi ne eyelashes. Zivikela amehlo kusukela ngaphandle lezinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nezinkophe ukusiza ukusatshalaliswa iyunifomu phezu iso uketshezi izinyembezi ngesikhathi eshaywa isuswa izinhlayiya cornea ngomzuzu ngothuli. Amashiya, futhi, ngokwezinga elithile umsebenzi zokuzivikela, ukuvikela namehlo akho angachiphizi uvela ebunzini lakhe simanzi te.

Ekhoneni eliphezulu elingaphandle iso isokhethi elise lacrimal nezindlala. Iyini imfihlo yabo ivikela, uyasondla futhi moisturizes cornea, futhi has a action magciwane. uketshezi okweqile ngokusebenzisa izinyembezi imbobo namadreni phakathi komgodi acinene.

Kuchubeka kanye nokwaziswa kokuqeda

Conductor analyzer ahlukaniswe siqukethe pair of izinzwa optic ukuthi aphume nezinyawo zazo kule ingaphakathi cranial futhi ubandakanya iziteshi ekhethekile, ukwakha eminye ingxenye Ukunqamula noma chiasma. Izithombe ezivela yesikhashana (yangaphandle) ingxenye retina ukuhlala ohlangothini olufanayo kodwa umnsalo kwangaphakathi - sawela futhi adluliselwa uhlangothi zobuchopho. Umphumela uba ukuthi ilungelo emkhakheni ezibukwayo icutshungulwe nge Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele bese kwesokunxele - kwesokudla. Lokhu ukugqagqana kuyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe nomqulu yesithombe ezibukwayo.

Ngemva kokuwela phezu umnyango nezinzwa umqhubi siyaqhubeka ipheshana optic. Visual Imininingwane ingena ingxenye cortex cerebral zobuchopho, okuyinto unomthwalo ukuyicubungula. indawo enjalo itholakala esifundeni occipital. Kufika ukuguqulwa lokugcina ulwazi etholwe umuzwa ezibukwayo. Lona ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi analyzer ezibukwayo.

Ngakho, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi analyzer ezibukwayo wukuthi umthetho okunjalo noma yiziphi izingxenye zayo, kungakhathaliseki Umqhubi okucatshangelwayo noma ukuhlaziya zone, kuhilelani ukwehluleka komsebenzi wakhe wonkana. Kuyinto ezahlukene kakhulu, uhlelo mncane futhi ephelele.

Ukuphulwa analyzer ezibukwayo - azalwa naso noma bathenga - yena, kuholele izinkinga eziphawulekayo ukuqonda ngokoqobo nokukhubazeka.