Ukumeda wegazi - izinyathelo algorithm. ingcindezi lwemithambo

Ukuze sithole umsebenzi inhliziyo, isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi nezinso kuyadingeka ukukala blood pressure. I-algorithm Lezinyathelo nenchazelo okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo ukuze uthole izinombolo sinembe kakhulu. Kusukela zokwelapha uyazi ukuthi ukuhlonza esifike ingcindezi iye yasiza inqwaba iziguli ukhubazeka begodu uwasindisile izimpilo eziningi.

History of the amadivaysi yokulinganisa

ingcindezi yaqale ulinganiswa izilwane Hales e 1728 Ukuze wenze lokhu, uSathane wasungula ngamapayipi ingilazi ngqo Umthambo wehhashi. Ngemva kwalokho Poiseuille ingezwe ku-tube ingilazi nge mercury manometer esikalini, futhi kamuva Ludwig yasungulwa kymograph nge iflothi, okwenza bakwazi ukurekhoda ngokuqhubekayo wegazi. Lezi apparatuses anemisila uhlobo Izikali futhi izinhlaba. Direct izindlela yokulinganisa blood pressure esebenzisa catheterization imithambo isetshenziselwe izinjongo zocwaningo laboratories zokuxilonga.

Indlela Unjani umfutho wegazi?

Kufinyeta Rhythmic wenhliziyo zihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili: systole futhi diastole. Eyokuqala isigaba - systole - uyisifushaniso imisipha yenhliziyo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho inhliziyo iphampa igazi ku le-aorta ne-pulmonary Umthambo. Diastole - yinkathi izimbotshana inhliziyo ukwandisa bese ugcwalisa ngegazi. Khona-ke aphinde kufika systole futhi diastole esikhathini esizayo. Igazi izitsha ezinkulu: elikuyi-aorta ne-pulmonary Umthambo sihamba indlela eya kencanikhulu - arteriole futhi kuma-capillary, kucebisa zonke kwezitho nezicubu zihlangana nomoya-mpilo lokuqoqa-carbon dioxide. ukudlula capillary ku ama-venule ke - emithanjeni emincane nezitsha abakhulu, futhi ekugcineni - ku imithambo ukuthi Site inhliziyo.

Ingcindezi ku imithambo yegazi nemithambo ye inhliziyo

Lapho ejection igazi emakamelweni inhliziyo kontanga 140-150 mm HG. Art. I-aorta kuyehla kube 130-140 mm HG. Art. Futhi ezikude inhliziyo, the ephansi kwengcindezi kule ama-venule kuba 10-20 mm HG. Art, futhi igazi lihambe ngemithambo emikhulu -. Ngezansi ozungeze umhlaba wethu.

Lapho igazi ogeleza usuka inhliziyo, igagasi ishayela kulotshwe, okuyinto kancane kancane inyamalala njengoba uthuthukela ngokusebenzisa zonke izinto. Its isivinini esiphelweni incike blood pressure kanye kuyaqina noma kuyaqina izindonga semithambo.

Njengoba bekhula, umfutho wegazi iyakhula. Abantu abavela iminyaka engu-16 kuya ku-50, kuba 110-130 mm HG. Sihloko, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-60 -. 140 mm HG. Art. nangaphezulu.

Izindlela sokulinganisa blood pressure

Kunezindlela oqondile (koda) kanye engaqondile. Ngo indlela yokuqala, umkhumbi ne transducer ipayipi wegazi kukalwa. Algorithm izinyathelo kulolu cwaningo ukuthi usebenzisa ikhompyutha Kwenziwa ezishintshayo isignali inqubo control.

ngendlela eqondile

BP nesilinganiso amasu kungaba ngokungaqondile izindlela eziningana: palpatory, auscultatory futhi ostsilometricheskim. Indlela yokuqala kuhilela kokucindezelwa akusheshi futhi ukuphumula nasemilenzeni e imithambo nokuzimisela umunwe ishayela kokucindezelwa ngezansi indawo yayo. Rivva-Rocci ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, basikisela ukusetshenziswa 4-5 cm cuff futhi mercury manometer esikalini. Nokho, i-cuff ewumngcingo enjalo overstated idatha kweqiniso, kwasikiselwa ukwandisa yona 12 cm ububanzi. Futhi manje yisikhathi wegazi nesilinganiso nqubo ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwalesi cuff ethile.

Ukucindezelwa ke akhishwa ukuze afinyelele eqophelweni lapho ishayela inqanyulwa, futhi kancane kancane bese incipha. ingcindezi systole - lena okwamanje uma kukhona okusizwa ukushaya, diastolic - lapho ishayela is attenuated, noma kakhulu kuye embili ngesivinini.

Ngo-1905, NS Korotkov ezihlongozwayo indlela yokulinganisa blood pressure ngu auscultation. Idivayisi ejwayelekile sokulinganisa blood pressure at Korotkoff - tonometer. Siqukethe cuff, esikalini mercury. Emoyeni cuff is Ayihaba nge Blower, bese kancane kancane ukukhulula emoyeni ngokusebenzisa Isivalo esikhethekile.

Lona ejwayelekile indlela auscultatory ukukala blood pressure iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, kodwa, ngokusho kocwaningo, odokotela akuvamile athobele izincomo ziphazamiseke blood pressure sikalo technology.

Indlela oscillometric isetshenziswa kumadivayisi ezenzekelayo futhi poluavtomaticheskh egunjini labagula kakhulu amayunithi, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwalezi amadivayisi akudingi umjovo okuqhubekayo umoya ongena cuff. ukurekhodwa blood pressure wenziwa emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko wendlela nokuncipha ivolumu emoyeni. Ukumeda wegazi kungenzeka futhi auscultatory ukwehluleka Korotkoff ababuthakathaka umsindo. Le ndlela lencike kancane kuyaqina isitsha izindonga nekwenteka yabo isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. indlela Oscillometric uvunyelwe ukudala amadivayisi ukuzimisela lemithambo ahlukahlukene wemikhawulo yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. It ivumela ukwenza inqubo esinembile ngokunciphisa isici womuntu

Regulations BP nesilinganiso

Isinyathelo 1 - khetha imishini esifanele.

Yini uzodinga:

1. Eliphezulu IselulekoSesihenqo

2. lesifanele usayizi cuff.

3. barometer noma aneroid sphygmomanometer okuzenzakalelayo - idivayisi ukusebenza ibhukwana ukushaja.

Isinyathelo 2 - Lungisa isiguli: uqiniseke ukuthi ekhululekile, mnike imizuzu 5 lokuphumula. Kwaphela isigamu sehora ukunquma wegazi is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba ukubhema utshwala kanye caffeine. Isiguli kufanele ahlale oqotho, ukukhulula ingalo elingenhla, usibeka endaweni ekahle isiguli (kungenziwa abeke etafuleni noma ezinye ukwesekwa), izinyawo kufanele kube phansi. Susa izingubo ngokweqile olwalungase luphazamise emoyeni akhishwa phakathi cuff noma igazi ligeleze isandla. Wena kanye isiguli kufanele uyeke ukukhuluma ngesikhathi nesilinganiso. Uma isiguli usesimweni lisalele, kubalulekile ukuba libeke ingalo eliphezulu enhliziyweni ezingeni.

Isinyathelo 3 - ukukhetha lesifanele usayizi cuff, kuye ngokuthi inani izandla zivame amaphutha zenzeka ngenxa Ukukhetha engafanele wakhe. Beka cuff engalweni lesiguli.

Isinyathelo 4 - Beka IselulekoSesihenqo phezu isandla efanayo, lapho ibekwe cuff, wazizwa isandla sakhe endololwaneni, ukuthola indawo ishayela esiqine umsindo, bese usetha isihloko sekholomu phezu Umthambo brachial kule ndawo.

Isinyathelo 5 - kufuthwe cuff: Qala futha, kuyilapho ukulalela ishayela. Lapho amagagasi ishayela zinyamalale, kodwa wena ungezwa noma yimuphi umsindo ngokusebenzisa isihloko sekholomu. Uma i-pulse akuyona ezwakalayo, kubalulekile ukuze kufuthwe ukuze inalidi ingcindezi gauge kwaba phezu izibalo ngaphezu 20 kuya 40 mm HG. v. kunokuba ingcindezi ehlosiwe. Uma leli nani ayaziwa, kufuthwe cuff 160 - 180 mm HG. Art.

Isinyathelo 6 - kancane deflate cuff: deflation iqala. Nangodokotela bababhekene nezifo zenhliziyo Sisikisela kancane ukuvula valve ukuze umfutho cuff kwehle 2 - 3 mm HG. Art. wesibili, noma ngaphezulu sincipha ngokushesha ngayinye kungaholela izilinganiso olungalungile.

Isinyathelo 7 - Lalela-systolic blood pressure - ngowokuqala inhliziyo umsindo. Kuyinto igazi iqala ukuba kugeleze ngemithambo yegazi lesiguli.

Isinyathelo 8 - ulalele ishayela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho ingcindezi cuff kuyehla, imisindo zinyamalale. Lona diastolic, noma umfutho.

Hlola amanani

Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukunemba izibalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ulinganise ingcindezi kokubili izandla yedatha sekulinganiswa. Ukuze ukuhlola umfutho waphinda ngokunemba, linda mayelana imizuzu emihlanu phakathi izilinganiso. Ngokuvamile, wegazi lingaphezulu ekuseni ephansi ebusuku. Ngezinye izikhathi blood pressure izinombolo ayithembeki ngenxa yokukhathazeka lesiguli ngabantu amajazi emhlophe. Esimweni esinjalo, yokukala nsuku zonke wegazi. I-algorithm izinyathelo lapho - sokunquma ingcindezi ngaphakathi ngosuku.

ukulinganiselwa

Okwamanje, indlela auscultatory kunoma iyiphi esibhedlela noma emtholampilo BP nesilinganiso wenziwa. izenzo algorithm has bokwenza:

• aphansi izibalo SBP futhi DBP izinombolo ngaphezu kwalawo etholwe nenqubo koda;

• ezifweni ukuze umsindo ekamelweni, umsindo ezahlukene lapho ushayela;

• Isidingo ukulungisa indawo IselulekoSesihenqo;

• listenability amathoni ezimbi okujula ongaphakeme;

• iphutha ekutholweni - amayunithi 7-10.

Lokhu blood pressure nesilinganiso amasu asifanele ukuqapha izinqubo usuku lonke. Ukuze ukuqapha isimo iziguli egunjini labagula kakhulu amayunithi abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kufuthwe cuff futhi udale umsindo. Lokhu kungase zibulale isimo jikelele isiguli futhi kumenze ukukhathazeka. Ingcindezi PTsifry kube alithembekile. Lapho lesi siguli lutho futhi bandisa inkonzo ngokomzimba akunakwenzeka ukuba abeke isandla phezu ezingeni inhliziyo. Olukhulu isignali ukuphazamiseka ungakha nezenzo engalawuliwe isiguli, ngakho-computer kungaba ukuba afiphale, ukuthi ngabe negate nesilinganiso blood pressure, ishayela.

Ngakho-ke bezmanzhetnye ezisetshenzisiwe ukunakekelwa izigceme olunzulu, okuyinto, nakuba eliphansi in ukunemba, kodwa nokunokwethenjelwa okukhulu kakhulu, fast and elula ukuqapha okuqhubekayo yokucindezela.

Indlela ukukala blood pressure in iziguli ezingane?

Ukumeda wegazi ezinganeni akuyona sihluke imishini ukucacisa yayo abadala. cuff omdala kuphela asifanele. Kulokhu a se, ububanzi okufanele ngamakwata amathathu ibanga ukusuka endololwaneni kuya fossa axillary. Okwamanje, kukhona Ukukhetha elikhulu kumadivayisi othomathikhi bese semi-automatic sokulinganisa wegazi izingane.

izinombolo evamile ingcindezi incike yobudala. Ukuze abale ingcindezi systolic izinombolo udinga ukuthola iminyaka yakhe eminyakeni iphindwe 2 futhi ngakhula ku-80 diastolic 1/2 - 2/3 izibalo odlule.

Apparatuses sokulinganisa blood pressure

Amamitha AD futhi ngokuthi tonometers. Kukhona sphygmomanometers mechanical digital. Mechanical kukhona mercury futhi aneroid. Digital - Automatic futhi semi-automatic. Insimbi olunembile kakhulu futhi eside iyona sphygmomanometer mercury noma sphygmomanometer. Kodwa oludijithali esikahle futhi lula ukusebenza, okuvumela ukuba usebenzise ekhaya.