Ukubalwa kukhanyiswe yikona. ukukhanyisa Street. Ukubalwa isikhala ukukhiqizwa ukukhanyisa

Ezikhathini zasendulo, ukukhanya ziqondakala abantu njengoba enzeka, okuyinto kwakuxhomeke intando yezidalwa ephakeme ... Namuhla-ke akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ungalawula lokhu ngemisebe, yini essence yayo, indlela ukubala kukhanyiswe yikona.

Ukungabi yokukhanya imisebe imiphumela ukwehla okukhulu esebenza, ukuwohloka kwempilo ukunciphisa isimo. Kule ndaba, iphuzu elibaluleke ilungile futhi kuhambisana nezidingo inhlanzeko, ukubekwa kanye uxhumano yokukhanyisa zalapho. Ukuze amabhizinisi inzuzo ezakuthenga imishini eyonga amandla zasendlini kanye le nsimu.

ukukhanyisa ukusebenza

Ngo nombono ububanzi 380-780 NM ku-optical kagesi spectrum emisebeni kuyabonakala. Kungaba lungachazwa yini amanani alandelayo:

1. Luminous Flux (kule ngxenye emisebeni optical ibonwa umuntu njengoba ukukhanya). Yokukala iyona inesikhala. Ngo izibalo ukubizwa ngokuthi F.

2. Amandla ukukhanya (kwabantu yokucucuza elikhanyayo esikhaleni elele isiqondiso ahlangene engela okuqinile). It luchazwa ngokuthi mina, futhi ulinganiswa candelas.

3. I-engeli okuqinile (kule ngxenye isikhala, okuyinto ahlelwe ngaphakathi kwamanzi oyindilinga). Ayephila e steradians. It is kuboniswe kulesi sibalo W.

4. okukhanyisa kubonisa ukubaluleka kwabantu ebusweni yokucucuza elikhanyayo. Kuyinto iyunithi okuntofontofo, futhi okhonjiswe E.

5. Ukugqama kuyinto ebusweni amandla kwabantu ugongolo ebusweni elisemandleni lesi siqondiso. Lokhu kuhamba ulinganiswa candelas ngamunye square imitha futhi luchazwa ngegama L.

6. Inkomba ukukhanya (P) yisikali amadivayisi ukukhanya ukukhanyisa.

7. illuminance umbandela yezwakala (K), ulinganiswa amaphesenti, isetshenziswa ukuhlola isihlobo ukujula illuminance iyehla iyenyuka.

8. Inkomba ukungakhululeki (M) isetshenziswa njenge umbandela kokuhlaziywa ukungakhululeki ukukhanya, elibangela kabuhlungwana umuzwa amehlo lapho amakamelo nonuniform izindawo elijabulisayo ensimini umbono.

yokulinganisa zomculo

luxmeters abahlukahlukene kuncuma illuminance. Ngokwesibonelo, iyunithi "U-116" ikuvumela ukubala le ipharamitha elakhiwe esikhipha nokukhanya zemvelo. imitha Khanyisa isetshenziswa ukulawula ukukhanya kwezolimo, ezokuthutha, umkhakha kanye nakweminye imikhakha.

Ukulinganisa nezinye izinto eziningi, ezifana ukukhanya, isilinganiso okusizwa ukushaya, wasebenzisa amathuluzi analog-digital. Isibonelo kubo kuyinto senhliziyo-ukukhanya imitha "Argus-07". Umgomo we operation yayo - okuguqula yokucucuza elikhanyayo ekhiqizwa izinto enwetshiwe, isiginali okuqhubekayo kagesi wakhona illuminance. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is iguqulwe ibe ikhodi digital ukuthi uboniswa iBhodi electronic.

Izinhlobo ukukhanyisa ekukhiqizeni

Uma ekamelweni esikhanyayo izibani kuphela, izibani phansi, izibani, ukukhanya ie yokufakelwa, ibizwa ngokuthi kukhanyiswe yikona. Kuyadingeka ukuba adale indawo ekhululekile ukusebenza, ukuhlinzwa evamile zezakhiwo namadlelo. It kungenziwa ihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukusebenza.
2. Security.
3. Eziphuthumayo.
4. House.

Eyokuqala isetshenziswa ukuze azenze zikhanye amahhovisi, izindawo lomsebenzi ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Uhlobo ukukhanyisa lesibili nelesine likhona amahora ezingekho ibhizinisi, futhi eyesithathu uqokomisa kweminyango eziphuthumayo, izici ezihlukahlukene ukuphepha. ukukhanyisa Artificial kungase kube into evamile, lapho izibani ahlelwe nombala endaweni engenhla ehhovisi, noma kokubili. Esimeni sesibili inani ungeze ukukhanyisa sendawo ukuthi usuke wadala izibani eseduze emsebenzini.

Uhlobo esilandelayo ukukhanyisa ezimbonini kungokwemvelo. Nalapha futhi, kukhona izinhlobo eziningana: lateral, phezulu, kuhlangene. Okokuqala - lokhu lapho imisebe yelanga ihlaba ungena ekamelweni ngokusebenzisa Skylights ezindongeni zangaphandle. Ngesikhathi ukukhanya wesibili ukuba adabule ukuvuleka ezindongeni ezindaweni udedele ukuphakama kwesakhiwo noma izibani. Uhlobo lwesithathu ehlanganisa ukukhanyisa engenhla kanye ohlangothini. Lolu hlobo ukukhanyisa kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ne khona njalo inani elikhulu labantu.

uhlobo Kuhlanganiswe yokukhanyisa luyinhlanganisela zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Isetshenziselwa ezimweni ezikhethekile lapho umsebenzi kwenziwa kusukela kuqala ezingeni lesithathu, uma kunesidingo izixazululo isikhala-nokuhlelela ukwakhiwa noma lapho zibheke lobuchwepheshe nezomnotho kuqinisekiswa izibalo.

Kwezinkambiso izinhlobo ukukhanyisa

Ngezinye izilungiselelo nemingcele namazinga kudingeka sincike SNP "ukukhanyisa Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo yokufakelwa." Ngakho Ngcono okukhanyisa ezilungisiwe ubuncane bayo ezingeni kuvunyelwe esekelwe izici kanye nohlobo lomsebenzi eyenziwa ezibukwayo (RR). Kunezinhlobo ezintathu LR:

1. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa imisebenzi lapho akudingekile ukusebenzisa amadivaysi optical. ukuhlukanisa into kuleli cala bangase babe at amabanga sihluke iso.
2. Eyesibili evumela ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi optical ngenkathi kwenziwa umsebenzi. Isizathu ukuthi ubukhulu lincane kakhulu into, okungasekelwe ziqondakala iso.
3. Esesithathu kuhlanganisa umsebenzi okuyinto edingekayo ukuze sithole ulwazi kusuka esibukweni. Ukuze lolu hlobo izidingo ezikhethekile ezisebenza ukukhanyisa kwenhlangano.

Ngo Wavuma SNP "ukukhanya Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo yokufakelwa" kukhona izici ezilandelayo imisebenzi ezibukwayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa yokukhanya osenyameni subclass. Kumiswa wokuqala ngenxa yobukhulu bento ukubandlulula, kanti eyesibili - phezu inhlanganisela lightness nekuphikisana nokucwaswa into ngemuva. Ngayinye iLuminance izici kwesejwayelekile, iLuminance ingxenye, isilinganiso okusizwa ukushaya futhi izindlela zabo zokubumba ukubala sokukhanyisa yokufakelwa.

Uma ukukhanya yemvelo egumbini noma kuhlanganiswe ke RR osenyameni Coefficient ungukukhanya zemvelo. Kuyinto isilinganiso ukukhanya yemvelo nenani iqoqo ukukhanya yangaphandle mpo, okuyinto kudala esibhakabhakeni ukukhanya evulekile.

Lapho ukukhanya yemvelo hlangothi ngendlela eyodwa, kukhona ubuncane ukubaluleka Keo e iphuzu okuyinto ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo mpo indiza cross kwesigaba izindawo futhi okunemibandela ebusweni obusebenzayo at ibanga 1 m kusuka odongeni, elitholakala kude kusukela apertures ukukhanya. Uma kungakhanyi ukukhanya engenhla noma kuhlanganiswe ke ukubala kuthatha nenani isilinganiso Coefficient ngesikhathi amaphuzu elise ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo mpo flat indiza kwesigaba kanye ebusweni ukusebenza.

Ukubalwa kukhanyiswe yikona

Into yokuqala ukukhethwa uhlobo umthombo wokukhanya kuyinto ngalolu daba. Kuyadingeka ukucacisa uhlelo ukukhanya kanye nokuhambisana. Into yesibili kuyoba nokubekwa ehhovisi lika luminaire ezikhethiwe kanye ekubalweni illuminance ezindaweni ezithile. Futhi ekugcineni, iphuzu lokugcina kwencazelo amandla olulodwa isibani. Ukukhethwa kwe-umthombo wokukhanya is olwenziwa kokubusa elandelayo: izibani kahle osenyameni asetshenziswa ezindaweni enamazinga okushisa angaphezu izinyathelo ezilitshumi, nezimfuneko ephezulu izinga umbala ukuhumusha nezinga sakugcina yokulimala. Uma ehhovisi kungekho ukukhanya yemvelo futhi ukwenza umsebenzi olunembile, asebenzise izibani Fluorescent. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ukubala ukukhanyisa LED, kufanele sikhumbule lapha ukuthi izibani yalolu hlobo akuzona umphumela stroboscopic, okungukuthi, ukukhanya okuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubala lesifanele okusizwa ukushaya rate ukugwema ukukhanya okuphezulu.

Ekunqumeni uhlelo ukukhanyisa kufanele inake izindleko-ukuphumelela elihlangene ukukhanya uhlelo kanye nenhlanzeko yayo (ukufana kanye Ukukhanya yokucucuza ukukhanya). Lapho imishini ihhovisi engalingani, isicelo ukukhanyisa ehunyushelwe. Ngu kwencazelo uhlobo isibani kufanele wasondela ngokuphathelene imithetho zisakaza Ekukhanyeni okukhulu okwakuphambi emkhakheni buka abasebenzi, kanye kuncike isimo imvelo emoyeni.

Sokusabalalisa ngokucace bhá ukukhanya elakhiwe ukukhanyisa isikimu. Kuyinto ngezinhlobo eziningi: elula (yokuxhuma inombolo encane izibani exhunywe kwi omunye full wesifunda), isikhethi (uxhumano amaqembu amabili esizimele imithombo ukukhanya zilawulwa ngesinye isikhathi), kabili ohlangothini (Ukuvula kanye nokuvala wenziwa kusuka amaphuzu amabili), i-commutator (kulawulwa ezimbili sekuqalile ngezindlela ezimbili, no one - luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa).

Ukubalwa esitolo ukukhanyisa has acabangele nemingcele ezilandelayo: ukuzimisela uhlobo imithombo ukukhanya luminaires, ukubala ukusatshalaliswa abanekhono emkhathini, ekutholweni amandla abo kanye wesifunda amandla. Ngaphezu lezi zinto, kufanele sinake izinhlobo imisebenzi ezibukwayo, zezemvelo, indlela imishini umsebenzi itholakala, inani labasebenzi, eziphuthumayo zokukhanya.

Indlela amandla ethize

Ukubalwa kukhanyiswe yikona ngale ndlela ivumela sokubalwa kungakhanyi ukukhanya elilinganisiwe izakhiwo zezimboni nge ukusatshalaliswa umfaniswano ukukhanyisa zalapho. A amandla isibani ibalwa ifomula:

Pl = PyS / sq

Lapho PY lingamandla ethize kwesibani, okuyinto inenani lwemibhalo. Amandla kwabantu kuxhomeke ohlotsheni nokubekwa nezibani luminaires, ekulesi isikhala Illuminated, kanye ukuphakama ukumiswa. Inani S kubonisa endaweni phansi futhi sq - nenani amashubhu. Imiphumela imvamisa imikiswe ukubaluleka ephakeme.

Indlela elikhanyayo ecucuza ukusetshenziswa isici noma

Ngale ndlela, esibala ngayo ukukhiqizwa ukukhanyisa lapho kungakhanyi ukukhanya umsebenzi ebusweni isethwe. Indlela akuyona ezisebenzayo yenziwe yaba yasendaweni ukukhanyisa zangaphandle kanye lendawo, uma evele ukusebenza akuzona ovundlile, kanye kathisha of ukukhanya kanzulu.

Ukubalwa kwenziwa ngokuvumelana ifomula:

F = En SZK / Nη

Lapho F - kuyinto yokucucuza elikhanyayo; En - normability okukhanyisa; S - endaweni phansi; N - nenani amashubhu; Z - okungenani amandla isilinganiso; K - iphuzu lokuphepha; η - ukusetshenziswa ratio izibani ekukhanyeni imisebe.

Kusukela ukubaluleka yokucucuza elikhanyayo kuboniswe isibani, engase yehluke ukubaluleka ebalisisiwe in the uhla kusuka -10 kuya amaphesenti +20. Uma umehluko mkhulu imikhawulo avunyelwe, inombolo ezilungisiwe ka luminaires.

Spot indlela

Indlela esetshenziswayo yokunquma imisebe yokukhanya izibani lapho ukukhanya kubonakala ayibalulekile. Indlela esetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi indawo ku ebusweni esikhanyayo ezixhunyiwe. Indlela kusekelwe isilinganiso ebusweni illuminance kwencika (E) okuyinto eyenziwe iphuzu umthombo wokukhanya, ibanga ebusweni (r), engela kwesifo (a) futhi umfutho ukukhanya (I):

E = mina cos α / r ²

Ukubalwa esitolo ukukhanyisa, ngokuqondile ukufakwa ukukhanyisa kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezimbalwa:

1. Ukuthola okungenani ukukhanya kwesejwayelekile.

2. Ukukhethwa ukukhanya umthombo hlobo. Icacisa uhlobo zalapho nokubekwa yabo phansi esitolo.

3. Ukuba Wedwa lokulawula amaphuzu nge illuminance aphansi ezivamile ehhovisi uhlelo.

4. Esikhathini amaphuzu control wenziwa izibalo phezu okukhanyisa ezivamile. Ukubala okwalandela zokukhiqiza ukukhanyisa luhlobo kusekelwe iphuzu ne okungenani ukukhanyisa ezivamile.

5. Ngokuqondene amatafula kunqunywa ukukhanyiselwa okuza ezengeziwe isitokwe.

6. Thola ecucuza elikhanyayo sezibani. Ngokusho imiphumela wacosha isibani ejwayelekile.

7. Thola amandla isibani lonke ukufakwa ukukhanya.

ISIBONELO ukukhanyisa izibalo ukunikeza okulandelayo: inkinga banikezwe h height = 4 m, a k ukuphepha isici = 1,5, ezengeziwe okukhanyisa Coefficient u = 1,2, Emin = illuminance kwesejwayelekile 75 lux. Kuyadingeka ukuba ichaze evele ukukhanyisa umsebenzi ezindongeni izibani HPA.

Kusukela izibani yalolu hlobo ukukhanya ngokujulile ukusatshalaliswa, ngabo λ = 1. Ibanga phakathi ukufakwa ukukhanya kuyoba 4 m, futhi kusukela kakhulu ukukhanyisa zalapho ukuze izindonga -. 1 m ezibekwe phezu ukulawula uhlelo amaphuzu A, B (i-iLuminance aphansi) abale ibanga kusuka ukuba izibani kwelivi eliseduze (d). Into elandelayo nokuchazwa okunemibandela-ukukhanya futhi bathole iphuzu nge ukukhanya aphansi. Ngokusho ukubala inani le elikhanyayo isibani ecucuza, umehluko yayo anenani ejwayelekile, futhi uthole ukukhanyisa.

Ukubalwa ukukhanyisa Imininingwane lapho esebenza amakhompyutha

Lapho umsebenzi ihlobene PC wesisebenti, kumele uthobele imithetho esikhethekile ukufakwa ukukhanyisa. Kulokhu, iso kubhekene umthwalo double, njengoba ubona ukukhanya kubonakala kusukela ikhibhodi amadokhumenti, kanye okuqondile okuvela qapha.

Ikamelo kufanele kube ukukhanyisa zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa nge Keo Coefficient hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1.2%. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ebusweni ukusebenza ngama-computer ukuthi kuthambekele ohlangothini ukukhanya Ukungena amathuba ukukhanya yemvelo. yokufakelwa Igumbi ukukhanyisa ukubala wenziwa maqondana uhlelo jikelele umfaniswano sigameko ukukhanya. blestkost Direct engavimba imithombo ukukhanya (ukukhanya amafasitela, izibani amakhabethe nokunye ngomuthi elikhanyayo akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-200 cd / m ^2), futhi reflection ilawulwa Ukukhetha ofanele nezibani isikhundla lezihlalo obusebenzayo, kuye izisekelo yokukhanya (ukukhanya kokufiphala esikrinini, hhayi ningi than 40 cd / m ^2).

Lapho izibani imithombo njengoba ukukhanya udinga ukusebenzisa izibani Fluorescent kanye Fluorescent ezihlangene. Uma izakhiwo elikhiqizayo noma uhlamvu kwezenhlalo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izibani metal halide. Zalapho kufanele kube Louvres futhi uma liqhathaniswa nezibani.

Street ukukhanyisa izixazululo

ukukhanyisa Street has umsebenzi obalulekile iAfrica ezindaweni yangaphandle ibe ebumbene, udlala indima umsizi ukuphepha orientation emkhathini, kanye nokwenza i-touch tebuciko ukuze umhlobiso edolobheni. Ukukhanyisa imishini kwalolu hlobo ukukhanyisa Kufanele kukhethwe kuncike izici nesimo izinto. Abakwazi isebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo noma dispatcher. izinhlobo eziningana ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni bungabonakala:

1. KukaZamcolo. Ingqikithi indlela - ukufaka nokukhomba floodlights. Isetshenziselwa eyayikhanyisa ezokuphepha ezindaweni eziseduze.
2. Ubude. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukusatshalaliswa umfaniswano izibani kolunye uhlobo. Luhle ukukhanyisa izindlela, amapaki, izindawo lapho ezihambayo abantu nezimoto.
3. Ukumaka. Nge lolu hlobo emgwaqweni ukukhanyisa zalapho zitholakala kanye imigqa abazinikezele nomumo. It isetshenziswa ukudala wabuka ezibukwayo, egcizelela impumuzo, ukunquma isiqondiso kwemigwaqo zokuhamba.