Ubani owasungula le ucingo? Ngo ngamuphi unyaka beveza ifoni

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi ucingo-Alexander Graham Bell yasungulwa, kodwa uma ubheka, umbono yasungulwa, lapho isencane kakhulu. It kuvela ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani it is nje ngokwesabelo esigunyaziwe. Ngakho abenyukela ifoni yokuqala mobile? Kwaba Antonio Meucci. has kanjani umlando omude wesizwe ngocingo? Ubani owasungula le umakhalekhukhwini? Zama ukuqonda.

History of the ucingo

Ucingo Development yayiyoba kungenakwenzeka uma abantu ababengakaze bazifunde kanjani okuguqula kunyakaza umsindo ube amaza kagesi. Ngo-1833-ke bafeza KF Gauss futhi W. E. Weber e Gottingen. Ngo-1837, sathola into okuyinto kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi "umculo kukagesi '. Isifunda kagesi kufaka uzibuthe ukhamba, ekuphambukeni bese iseli electrochemical. Phakathi oscillation ka ngemfoloko Tuning, okuyinto livaleke the wesifunda, le electromagnet iqala ngokwenza umsindo kwamagama namanothi.

Amazwi okuqala ngqa ukuthi zakhulunywa ocingweni ngo-1861, wehlela emlandweni njengoba ezinamaphiko: "Ihhashi is hhayi ukudla ikhukhamba isaladi." Ngakho-ke, ngo-ngamuphi unyaka beveza ifoni, akunzima ukubala.

ubuhlakani abampofu

April 13, 1808 e Florence, bazalelwa usosayensi genius Antonio Meucci. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe wasungula ifektri stearin amakhandlela, lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala, ngo-1860 wavula imboni, okuyinto ezikhiqizwa upharafini amakhandlela, okuyinto waba ngowokuqala emhlabeni.

1854 Antonio ophoqelelwe ukucabanga mayelana nokuthuthukiswa indlela yokudlulisela amasignali umsindo kude. Kuleli qophelo umkakhe kwaphoqa isifo kanzima bahlushwa rheumatism. Ngezinye izikhathi ayengakwazi ngisho ukuphuma ekamelweni lakhe.

Ayikho imali eyanele

Ngo-1866, i-ngozi yenzeke isitshalo yayo: kubhayela yamila. Ungeniswe esibhedlela ngenxa yaleli izinyanga Meucci ezintathu. Wayelethwa kamuva emsebenzini, nomkakhe kwadingeka adayise ezinye sokuthuthuka, ukusiza imadlana. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona imiklamo ifoni esizayo. Meucci aqhubeka bahlanganyele ukuthuthukiswa, futhi ngo-1871 wafaka isicelo sokuba Patent Office-United States. Ukuswela imali abathintekayo ekulahlekelweni patent ngo-1873.

11. 06. 2002 e-United States lathatha isinqumo ku owasungula ucingo. Congress neyaziwayo umsunguli Antonio Meucci. Isizathu-non-ukuqashelwa nombhali Italian ukuthuthukisa ukuphila ezikhonjwe yokuntula ulwazi ulimi lwesiNgisi ukuqonda butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela izici ezingokomthetho. Wayengeke amandla okukhokhela abameli futhi avikele amalungelo abo enkantolo. Ngisho nangemva kokuba isethulo eningilizayo yazo zonke lezi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukuthuthukiswa, okuyinto ubufakazi priori zokulungile elingaphezu kukahhafu, akwanele nje $ 10 ukukhokha intela. Ingabe wayesefunde wathola lemali edingekayo ke izwe lonke 1874 ababeyobona igunya of Antonio Meucci hhayi Bell.

Umnikazi esisemthethweni ukuthuthukiswa

Ngakho, ngo-1876 i-Patent Office kwakunoFakazi ababili wesicelo A. Bell noJ elimpunga. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa Belllu esikhishwe isitifiketi copyright 'kudivayisi yocingo okungase adlulisele inkulumo yomuntu. " imodeli okuthuthukisiwe kwakuba base sokhuni, ne i tank acid (lokhu kwaba ibhetri), tube sokuzwa kanye izintambo zethusi. UMdali ngokuthi imodeli yakhe "esigodweni" ngoba ezakheke engavamile. kunqatshelwe Gray patent efanayo.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside imodeli bakudala kwefoni wasala ithunzi. Kwaba ngo-June 1876, lapho namanje wanquma ambonise embukisweni laseFiladelfiya. Izivakashi alisithandi mina apharathasi kuya ekupheleni mbukiso. Kakade ngesikhathi sokuvalwa ifoni sama eduze umuntu omude, ngubani waba umbusi Brazil. Yayinesithakazelo kakhulu igugu wadalula encike yesifakwandlebeni endlebeni yakho. Yayiyini indlela esamangala ngayo lapho ezwa khona izwi lomuntu! Kusukela leli phuzu lezipho ezintsha isibe ukuzwa emhlabeni wonke, futhi ngokushesha lwehla uvalo ukuthandwa.

Ngakho sathola owasungula ucingo, kodwa ngenxa zokuxhumana zanamuhla kudivayisi wehlukile ngowokuqala. Ubuchwepheshe ngakho ithuthukiswe eziye lutho cishe kwesokunxele enibaziyo amamodeli evamile kithi, ngaphandle isimiso wokusebenza. Futhi owasungula iselula, sizofunda okwengeziwe.

ukuthuthukiswa mobile

umakhalekhukhwini noma ephathekayo yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana yeselula. Ukuqalisa ke ocingweni usebenzisa indinganiso ngocingo zokuxhumana kanye transceiver umsakazo.

Phakathi zonke izinhlobo mobile yeselula - okuvame kakhulu. Ifoni mobile ngokuvamile ngokuthi ingqamuzana, nakuba lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Mobility nokuthi backbone ukuyivula futhi ungenantambo amafoni, amafoni satellite.

Ubani owasungula le umakhalekhukhwini, futhi lapho, abakwazi eziningi. Namuhla, ngaphandle kwalo singeke ukucabanga ngokuphila kwethu. Futhi ndaba yaqala, kuvela, akunjalo kudala.

Umqondo wokuqala zokuxhumana ngocingo wabonakala ngo-1946, inkampani-AT & T Bell Labs. Le nkampani iye yasungula ngowokuqala emhlabeni wonke isevisi yerediyo ngocingo. Kwakuyisikhathi ifoni hybrid nomsakazo. Isethi imoto radio, futhi indlela kuphela ungase wenze ikholi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukusho, ngoba ukuze uthi, kwadingeka ukuba ucindezele inkinobho umsakazo, bese uyayekela, ungase uzwe umlayezo impendulo. Idivayisi esingamakhilogremu 12 kg, yafakwa ebhuthini yemoto kanye akude futhi isamukeli eyenziwa kule moto. Ukuze antenna izimbobo abangu yamba emotweni!

Ubani owasungula le umakhalekhukhwini?

Ngo-1957, usosayensi Russian leonid Kupriyanov Ucwaningo wadala efonini isampula ephathekayo. isisindo sawo sasiyitalenta 3 kg. Kamuva, isisindo sayo kwehliselwe ku 0.5 kg, bese kufika ku-70 t. Ngo-1973, owethulwe ifoni yokuqala emhlabeni ephathekayo, ucingo yokuqala esenziwa ngo-Ephreli 3. Motorola DynaTAc, kwaba igama kule divayisi, bekulokhu okhiye 12 kuso futhi akekho umsebenzi ukubonisa. Ungakwazi nokukhuluma kwaba imizuzu 35 kuphela kanti icala edingekayo 10 ezimpondweni okulindele.

1984 kwaphawulwa ukuvela ethengisa yokugcina yeselula phone onobuhle DynaTAC 8000X. intengo yaso $ 3.995! Ngo-1989 wakhulula Motorola MicroTac.

Popular ukuthuthukiswa handsets

Ubani owasungula le ucingo, sathola, futhi bobabili bavele isikrini sokuthinta amafoni? Ngo-1998, izwe wabona esithintwayo ifoni kuqala. Nakuba thina owaklama ngo-1993 inkampani IBM, okuyinto waziphatha ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Isikrini touch aphendvule touch of a umunwe ekufakeni yiluphi ulwazi.

Ubani owasungula ifoni esithintwayo, nakanjani kanzima ukusho, okungenzeka kakhulu nguSamuweli Hurst. Ngo-1971, wakha elograf - Ihluzo ithebhulethi. Ngo-1972, abantu baseMelika ethulwa esithintwayo ifoni kuqala. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 ngaleso fair touch lokuqala TV liye edalulwa.

Ngo-2007, kwaba khona ifoni touch LG KE850 Prada, okuyinto enhle kakhulu umklamo kanye nethuba elikhulu. Ifoni kungenziwa eziqhutshwa nje nge ngomunwe, hhayi kwezitayela.

Ngakho, kancane kancane amafoni iye yathuthuka kukhona abakhiqizi abaningi, igajethi kwaba yinto esisemqoka kithi, bese kuba khona umuntu kakade kukhuphuke ngefoni, abaningi ukhohlwe.