U-Archbishop uSeraphim sana: Biography, izimangaliso, isithombe

windy day ngoNovemba 1920 basuka Sevastopol pier umthetho wesikhathi sokubuya ekhaya umkhumbi "Khersones", ukungenisa ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe zalabo kuphela izolo izingalo uzama ukuphikisa nezinxushunxushu eyayisondela. Phakathi izikhonzi aminyene kwi emphemeni kanye ukubukwa elikulesi sihloko inyamalala phakathi Beach ibanga, wayeyindoda omude amane ngemvunulo Izigodlo - Bishop uSeraphim (sana).

Ebuntwaneni neminyaka ukutadisha ngekusasa lophiko atehlukanisa

Kwazalelwa Saint uSeraphim (sana) December 13, 1881 ku Ryazan. Ubhapathizo engcwele wayethethelela okuthiwa UNicholas. Njengoba ngaphambili etholwe imfundo ekhaya, ngo-1894, izincwadi eziyishumi nantathu Kohl ukuthi ubhalisile kulesi sikole ezingokomoya Ryazan. Njengoba ekuhlolweni emnyango ukuthi singcono kakhulu ulwazi lwakhe ontanga, umhloli wathola kungenzeka ukubhalisa Nicholas ngesikhathi esisodwa ekilasini lesibili.

Le nsizwa, onesiphiwo ngokwemvelo ingqondo into eziyibonayo nokukhuthazela, kwakulula iminyaka eyisithupha esikoleni, ukuba phakathi abafundi engcono ekupheleni cwaningo futhi ngo-1904 ngesikhathi engena Petersburg Theological Academy. Nazi uyazi ngokujulile ukuthi kuphela indlela wawo ahlose ukuba usetshenziswe empilweni okuyiyo ukukhonza uNkulunkulu, umfundi osakhula waveza isifiso sawo sokuba ukuyeka wonke ize futhi babe indela. Ekupheleni Januwari 1908, kakade ngonyaka odlule ngesikhathi Academy, wathatha izifungo Izigodlo elinegama uSeraphim, behlonipha ongcwele uNkulunkulu ka-St uSeraphim of Sarov ebesidinga kulo mkhankaso, futhi kamuva ngenyanga wamiswa ukuba abe ngumpristi.

Ukuqala imisebenzi yenkolo asebenzayo

Ngo-September ka lowo nyaka Hieromonk uSeraphim wabhekana ngivikele mqondo. indaba ephathwayo wakhe wakhetha imfundiso yokuthobeka kokwethula obaba ongcwele V-XV eminyaka ngesisekelo okuyinto ukuqoqwa imisebenzi ngasondelana up, ebizwa nge "Philokalia". Academic oPhethe Academy, bazijwayeze umsebenzi iziqu, evunyiwe ke ngazwi linye, futhi usihlalo walo myalo, UProfesa FF Bronzov wakuthola kudingekile ukwenza ekuvumeni imibhalo irekhodi ukuthi ezingeni lomsebenzi awanakufundwa mqondo yenkosi yakhe.

Isazi semfundiso yenkolo abasha wavula amathuba career ekuseni futhi kuphumelele. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola diploma Hieromonk uSeraphim (sana) siqondiswe umsebenzi pedagogical e Zhitomir, sabe Kaluga, okuyinto engikhiphela ehhovisi lesikole zenkolo uSuperintendent. Manje njalo ngonyaka kuba umsebenzi isitebhisi ngasinye kuye. Ngo-1911, lapho - umhloli sobufundisi Kostroma, futhi ngo-1912 - the Umphathi sabefundisi ka Voronezh. Ngakho, ke liyaphuma futhi sezizonke. Ngo Voronezh, waba Archimandrite. Kanye yokufundisa, FR uSeraphim (sana), esebenza wephephandaba wendawo "Diocesan iGazethi".

Imisebenzi sabefundisi sihlubuki

Rector isikhundla bekatsatsa kuze 1918, kodwa kakade ekuqaleni umsebenzi sibhekene izimpawu zokuqala inhlekelele esikhathini esizayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi bungamandla ngemoto emgwaqweni lokuketula umzimba ke ekhona ohlanga Russian waba umfundi.

Lokhu akusona isimanga. imibono Young, kalula amenable kuya kokusha, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle nibonakala yokubukisa futhi ekhangayo nomphakathi, abafundi ngokuvamile ube yithoyizi ezandleni bamazwe zezombusazwe. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa ngokulinganayo isicelo hhayi kuphela abafundi emanyuvesi Soviet, kodwa futhi ukuba abafundi ezikoleni zenkolo, ukuthatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo iziteleka zezombusazwe nemiboniso.

Abafundi Voronezh li sabefundisi okwakukhona Archimandrite uSeraphim (sana) ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe kuposi esikoleni 'bakhazimulisa "sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia iqiniso lokuthi abafundi bakhe wenza umzamo phezu Umphathi odlule futhi umhloli. Incwadi evela kuBaba uSeraphim of omunye wozakwabo, lapho besho nokusho ukuthi le li esanda emisiwe, liwubiza ngokuthi "naibeznadozhneyshey" sabefundisi naseminyakeni "ukuvukela".

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ophoqelelwe

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution nokuqala kulwiwa, Archimandrite uSeraphim, wesula nemisebenzi Rector futhi breaking ngokubambisana nabahleli "Diocesan iGazethi", ethunyelwe eningizimu yeRussia. Kube wathola anawo isakhiwo igunya sesonto, kwakheka ngo-1919, owawuse-umkhandlu wesonto laseStavropol ngesikhathi. Ukudalwa kwawo kwakubangelwa yokuthi izindawo ezinkulu eningizimu yezwe anqamuka ubuholi abaphezulu ibandla labaseTheselonika Yombango nezimpi.

Ngo-October, 1920 ku Simferopol, ngaphansi izibhamu ukuduma kwayo ekuthuthukiseni iRed Army, St Archimandrite uSeraphim (sana) wakhushulwa kuya episcopacy. Kwaba lobuNaziri bakhe sokugcina ekhaya inhlabathi. Ngo-September 14, ayeya iConstantinople. Uyasala engamashumi amane zokuphila wachitha eRussia, ngaphambi elinde neminyaka ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe.

Encwadini ogwini ongaziwa

Ngaleso sikhathi waseConstantinople baba uyisiphephelo eziningi Abaphunyukayo kusukela ongenangqondo nokungabi nasihe ngokufutheka ukunqoba sebedakiwe we amaBolshevik, washiya Russia. Ukuba kwelinye izwe, ngaphandle othayi, ngaphandle kokwazi ulimi, futhi ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwemali, abantu ayekudinga ashisayo futhi abaqotho umfundisi amazwi, ikhono ukuze aduduze futhi amandla labo okwasala ngemuva. Ngakho Umholi kwezikamoya phakathi kwabo futhi waba Saint. USeraphim (sana) ngokwayo sibhajwe okungenani esimweni esinzima.

Andayo ngo-1920 ku-igagasi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian waseConstantinople ngonyaka olandelayo, kancane kancane ke yaqala ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke. Bekanye Bakwethu zabo kwesokunxele ogwini Bosphorus no bhishobhi uSeraphim. indlela kwayo yazenzela eBulgaria, lapho, naphezu phakathi nenkathi ende yeminyaka umthetho-Turkish, isiko-Orthodox ngokomlando lasendulo.

Phakathi abazalwane ekukholweni

Fika entwasahlobo ka-1921 e Sofia, uthole aphoyintimenti lokuqala umbhishobhi Bogucharsky, futhi ngokushesha ngaba wesigodlo yethempeli uMongameli wangaphambilini we-embassy Russian ezifundeni Orthodox. Lapha, enhloko-dolobha Bulgarian, waqhubeka feat yakhe lokukhonza uNkulunkulu, nje yokugcwalisa yemfanelo ayiphathisiwe ngokulalela njengoba ngentshiseko, njengoba wasebenzisa ukuba khona eRussia.

Ngo-1935, lo saint esizayo uSeraphim waphakanyiselwa isikhundla omkhulu. Kwakungenxa namathathu banesifo esibi, waqala sakhe esinabileko umsebenzi isazi semfundiso yenkolo futhi umbhali. Ngo-1935, aphume uzitholele imisebenzi yakhe, lapho saint ungene mpikiswano zenkolo nge magunya neyaziwayo wefilosofi zenkolo njengoba uVladimir Solovyov, Florensky futhi Bulgakov.

ukubukwa yezombangazwe nezefilosofi Vladyka uSeraphim

Ngo-August 1937 ngesikhathi Zonke-Diaspora Church Council Bogucharsky-Archbishop uSeraphim (sana) isinyathelo nokugxekwa ngekutsi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba fashion ecumenism - ubunye nemibono vsehristianskogo. Ebhekisela yoFata beSonto, yena indisputably kwafakazela unacceptability ngale mfundiso Russian Lobu-Orthodox.

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili encwadini ukuphrinta wabonakala, phezu kwalokho uSeraphim (sana) Bishop wasebenza kule minyaka yamuva. "Imibono yamaKhomanisi Russian" - njengoba echaza umsebenzi wakhe, ukubeka kuye phakathi kwababusi phambi ideologists we monarchism Orthodox. Encwadini, wabona autocracy, njengoba ifomu kungenzeka kuphela uhulumeni eRussia, walahla Inqubomgomo Westernist kaPetru mina nabalandeli bakhe kamuva, futhi wabiza imvuselelo yokubusa kwamakhosi eRussia.

Izitatimende kwashaqisa izilaleli

Emazwini akhe, uMbhishobhi ezazikhona ngaye kwakunzima ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu impela nje kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, abafundi abaningi bedidekile umqondo wakhe isigwebo sokufa sibe abantu akhuthaza ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho futhi yicala lokuhlambalaza. Hard ukusho njengoba umlobi ayeyazi emibonweni efanayo nezimiso esiza abantulayo bobuKristu nokuthethelela.

Ibhanga izifundo ehlaselwe-Archbishop ezazikhona ngaye kwakunzima ezibanzi kakhulu. Ngo ephephandabeni lakhe kwaba khona izihloko engazange indiva futhi umbuzo onjalo, njengoba atholakalayo, ngokombono wakhe, ukungqubuzana ikhalenda likaGregory imithethosisekelo kobufundisi. Le mpikiswano ukuthi ngalesi sihloko yaqhuma, akazange ayeke ngisho isikhathi eside.

isinyathelo ngokugqamile

Isenzakalo esibalulekile empilweni Bishop ezazikhona ngaye kwakunzima isicelo lakhe elilotshiwe, aqondiswa ku-April 1945 e-USSR, Alexy I. ke waqala isicelo ku-Moscow Sabefundisi. Banikezwe igebe phakathi leyo minyaka abaholi benkolo ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kanye labafowabo Kristu, owenza imisebenzi yakhe ezazichaza eSoviet Union, singacabanga ukuthi amandla engqondo kwamlahlekisela isinqumo.

Udaba lokuhlolwa kwesifo ezingeni enjalo ongaxazulula Stalin kuphela. Ohlangothini yegama lakhe memo Pskov-Archbishop Gregory (Chukov), owayevakashela ngokushesha phambi kwebandla Bulgarian, uMbhishobhi uSeraphim wachazwa ngokuthi umuntu ezimfushane, abanye abakwazi ukufunda kwezombusazwe, bejabulela uthando of amalungu esonto. Lutho neze lesi sici kungenziwa ngokugcwele kubhekwa njengento Injongo, unikezwa ukuthi yabhalwa ikhanda isimo wobushiqela, futhi kuthiwa abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, okungukuthi, ngezindinganiso sikhathi, amambuka.

Amazing

Stalin, Nokho, washintsha phakathi inqubomgomo impi ngokumelene Church, wanginika imvume yakhe. Ekupheleni kuka-October 1945 endaweni ethile YaseMoscow Sabefundisi we ezifundeni eziyisikhombisa Bulgarian ezazamukelwa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusho u-Archbishop uSeraphim (sana) wabuyela esifubeni isonto umama. Kodwa umcimbi main kwakuseza - ngo-1946, uhulumeni wamisa umthetho ekhethekile unikwe yisakhamuzi Soviet.

Ehlobo lika-1948, ngemva amabili nesishiyagalombili ikhefu Bishop uSeraphim kabusha langena emhlabathini Russian. Wamenywa ukuba aye eMoscow ukubamba iqhaza kule ngqungquthela, lapho izinhloko amasonto autocephalous Orthodox kwadingeka ukuba kuvelwe isikhundla ezivamile mayelana inhliziyo yamasonto esavela lapho abanye iziKhulu.

Ukufa olungileyo, imizamo yakhe yokukhazimulisa

U-Archbishop uSeraphim waya eNkosini ngo-February 26, 1950 ku Sofia, okuyinto baqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekufeni enkonzweni lamadlelo. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe inzwabethi njengomdala, wanika isipho clairvoyance, futhi ngemva uhlezi imithandazo izimangaliso laqala ukufika kuye. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amakholwa aye acela ephindelela eMnyango ephakeme izikhulu zesonto ecela nokunxusa kwakhe, ukucabangela lihlehliselwe isikhathi eside. Ukukhazinyuliswa St uSeraphim (sana) esontweni Bulgarian kwaba ngo-2002. Lesi senzo ubelokhu eqashelwa zonke izikhonzi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia phesheya. Nokho, ezweni uMbhishobhi uSeraphim (sana) ukuthi abagcotshwa kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nane.

I nokunxusa ezisemthethweni ongcwele kaNkulunkulu - inqubo eside ngokungenakulinganiswa neyinkimbinkimbi ngokungaphezulu. Akukhona ukukhulekela zomphakathi ezanele, negunya obungenakuphikwa. Kufanele kubhalwe phansi futhi ubufakazi truthful ukuthi wayengafuni benze ngokuvumelana nezifiso zabo siqu namakhono, futhi kwaba kutholakale ozokwengamela ngqo intando kaNkulunkulu. Ubufakazi obunjalo, ngokukhethekile, ongakhonza ubufakazi Wonderland uzibophezele ngesikhathi ukuphila woshonile, noma lo mkhuba imithandazo nalokho ngemva kokufa.

Ukulungisa nokunxusa kanye sokugcina

Ukuqoqwa ubufakazi wahlanganyela Archimandrite Philip (Boguchary). Wabeka isimemezelo ku-inthanethi, futhi ulwazi mayelana usizo nomusa, okuyinto wanika abantu Bishop uSeraphim waqala ukuza kuye (sana). Izimangaliso babo baye wachaza ngokuningiliziwe, futhi ibhalwe, kanye nalo lonke ulwazi ithunyelwa eMoscow. Lawa kwakungamadodana izindaba zabantu ngubani ngemikhuleko eSaint uSeraphim wathola impilo, wathola abangane bakhe impilo futhi abazi injabulo etholakala ngokuba umama. Ubufakazi izimangaliso zakhe zazibaluleke eziningi ukuze phambi kwabo ithuliswe ngisho abagxeki ardent.

Ngithanda nje ukukunika eyodwa indaba ongumlimi Bulgarian. Owesifazane has umcabango omude wayezibheka njengembali evamile, ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, futhi naphezu yesifo senhliziyo azalwa naso, akakaze aphendukele imithandazo usizo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimo sakhe ezimbi kakhulu kangangokuthi emva iseluleko kanina, yena waya ethuneni, lapho amanga lo St uSeraphim (sana), futhi ngicela usizo lwakhe. Ngemva kwesikhashana, wazizwa ngcono ezempilo, futhi Kungakabiphi, ngakwazi ukubuyela izindaba evamile yasendlini.

Ngo-2015, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox Bulgarian kugujwa iminyaka emashumi mathandathu anamihlanu kusukela Phumula St uSeraphim. Imigubho esenzeka Sofia, ifilimu waboniswa ku Abenzi Bulgarian ukuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi, kwathi ngo-December ngonyaka ofanayo kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele impikiswano nokunxusa uMbhishobhi uSeraphim kuya UMkhandlu WabaBhishobhi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, okuyinto kwakuhlelwe ukubiza kwezinyanga ezimbili.

Februwari 3, 2016 kwaba isinqumo sokugcina, owawuthi, kwabangcwele uyakhazinyuliswa enkolweni abavelele balo kwelinye izwe Russian-Archbishop uSeraphim (sana). Isithonjana zaveza ngalolusuku onesizotha, usibonisa ubuso saint, uye wabona izinhlekelele eziningi ngaphambili futhi uzizwe empilweni yabo yasemhlabeni, futhi wakwazi ahlale lapho kuze kufe nendodana yomuntu iSonto Lobu-Orthodox kweqiniso.