Tvertsa River, Tver esifundeni: incazelo, isithombe

A woMfula iVolga eduze umuzi odume Russian of Tver futhi owumthelela sako sobunxele libizwa Tvertsa. Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule emfuleni Tvertsa ikhonza abantu: nguye okuqinile umugqa ingxenye wehlela emlandweni we mfula kusukela iVolga legendary echibini Ilmen, waya Novgorod, kamuva ekhulwini le-18, lapho kuzalwa Vyshnevolotskaya emfuleni uhlelo - ngaphakathi inhlokodolobha esenyakatho-Russian Empire.

On lo mfula futhi isihloko ezithakazelisayo futhi ngendlela ukutshela encwadi yethu.

Umsuka Igama lomfula Tvertsa

Ososayensi nezazi-mlando namanje angeke eze ukuvumelana ngemvelaphi leli gama ngempela ezithakazelisayo. Siyabonga abangababo okuthiwa emfuleni Tvertsa okuvela kulo igama lolimi? Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana - Slavic, isi-Polish, Finno-Ugric ngisho Lithuania, owawuthi ngesisekelo lesi ngenxa ukhombise impilo kukhona tiori IsiFinnish ( «okusheshayo"), Slav "okuqinile", twierdza Polish ( «Fortress") noma Lithuanian Tvora ( "kocingo") .

Mhlawumbe ngandlela-thile ubamba zonke lezi amagama, kusukela "Yindawo ematasa 'izithombe Tvertsa esizalweni somfula, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu ixazululwe - izizwe okokuqala Finno-Ugric ke Slavic, futhi zonke emfuleni kwakudingekile, wakhonza njengephayona nokuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa, mina uyobanakekela. Ngeke sifune izimpande igama kweqiniso, bazi ukuthi lokhu kunzima, kodwa sithatha njengesisekelo yokuthi emfuleni lasendulo, noma singase ukuyibiza, kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka eyenziwa ukuphila kubo bonke ababehlala ku wachichima.

sici

Imithombo yokuqala emfuleni, namhlanje ezindaweni ezidumile Vyshny Volochek, sekuyisikhathi eside futhi ngempumelelo akhanywa.

Endaweni yabo zesimanje eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo ezisemadolobheni anda. Esikhathini sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni ixhuma isiteshi emfuleni Tsna. Ubude umfula ngempela umxhwele - cishe 188 km, kanye endaweni - ezingaphezu kuka-6500 square metres. km. It welulela osebeni lomfula omuzi wasendulo Russian of Tver, Torzhok.

Ziningi nemingenela Tvertsa:

• Kwesobunxele - Osechenki, Tigma, engajulile Tigma, Logovezh, malitsa, Kava Shchegrov;
• Kwesokudla - Osugi (kwekulu), Sominka.

Hydrography

Esikhathini sifinyelela ongenhla esigodini umfula ngempela ebanzi. It ifinyelela cishe imitha-180 ububanzi. Torzhka aphansi phakathi ukugeleza is ayisesemikhulu kakhulu kwesikhukhula, ukufinyelela ku-80 m. Ukuphakama ogwini lapha 20-25 m. A elisesigodini esezansi elalisanda kunwetshwa 300 m futhi ixhunywe nge ithala. ububanzi isiteshi salo 30-50 m, futhi indawo emvula futhi ifinyelela ku-80.

Tvertsa River ngokuchichima abadumile ifinyelela ukujula zazo uyahluka 1.5-4.5 m futhi bano Abaningi -. Small futhi ukukhanyisa nelanga elikhanyayo heats amanzi esobala kanye crystal. Kusukela soMfula iVolga eqhubeka kuleli chweba devyatikilometrovy.

Isiteshi umfula ugcwele Rapids. Izakhamuzi yomdabu kweziningi zalezi zindawo, izivakashi, umsubathi nayizimfundamakhwela emfuleni ingxubevange kayak komgwaqo futhi ukwazi amagama abo -. Moose, Babi, Prutensky, Yamskaya, njll Kodwa ekhethekile uthando abahambi yizindawo endaweni Osechenki - platform ujantshi isiqondiso Tver - Bologoye. Basuke kubhekwe okungcono kokuqala ingxubevange. Futhi ibanga ukusuka stop Isitimela emfuleni incane - hhayi ningi than ikhilomitha.

Tvertsa livuliwe, lapho ilanga iqala ukuba ngempela ukufudumeza emoyeni - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Iqhwa iDemo kwekucala 3-4 izinsuku, kanti izikhukhula kungaba ukufutheka sikhatsi lesingaba tinyanga letisitfupha. River liphume, ukudonsa ice ekupheleni kukaNovemba.

umfula

Njengoba Tvertsa ugcwalise isitoreji amanzi Vyshnevolotsk emifuleni kwakhiwa futhi Tsna Shlino, it is zichichima imisuka. Lawa manzi kukhona kwesigamu amandla engenayo, 30-35% isivuno komhlaba komhlaba, futhi 15-20% - imvula.

Ukuthola Amandla eyinhloko uhlelo Vyshnevolotskaya amadamu eyayenziwe ezilungisiwe Tvertsa komfula (Tver esifundeni), ngezinye izikhathi kubonakale angashoni.

Izici endleleni

Umfula ugeleza ngendlela amabhange eliphezulu kakhulu, ezazidume ngokutshala amahlathi aluhlaza - exubile kanye coniferous. Okuningi ugu evulekile sifinyelela engenhla: lapha, ekuqaleni, ububanzi isiteshi cishe 15 m, lo-1 m ukujula, kwezinye izindawo amatshe amakhulu bavuke. Ngaphandle komzana White Whirlpool Tvertsa emfuleni ujika ngqo empumalanga, edlulisela-30 amamitha abavamile nasezincwadini ekubeni kancane ezijulile. Kulezi zindawo, Rapids njalo futhi eziningi amanxiwa ubudala, kakade libhujiswa amadamu (isibonelo, eduze nedolobhana. Indian).

Ukuze Vydropuzhsk iqala olunothile amathathu-ikhilomitha elula emfuleni. Ezingwini kukhona emaweni, eyehlelayo. On kubo - enhle uphayini sonwele amahlathi. Lezi zindawo yilezi ngempela eyihlane - sintula ngokuphelele yimuphi isiphetho, futhi lokhu kuthinta isimo emahlathini. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka kuze emlonyeni inflow Tvertsa - umfula Osugi angangeni amanzi okwandisa njengoba ukujula Tvertsa (1.5 m), yona ububanzi bayo (40 m).

Ngemva confluence Osugi, futhi eminye Sjögren emfuleni Tvertsa yokuthola amandla, ngokuba ebanzi (kufika ku-80 m umugqa) futhi ijulile (2 m). Nokho, kulezi zindawo ngo angajulile kukhona ezinkulu umxhwele ubukhulu, uvele endulo, baletha ngumuntu yeqhwa. Uluhlu ngobukhulu nge Shoals enamadwala langa, imisinga enamandla kanye 20 cm ukujula ubuncane sise Prutni. Lapha Tvertsa okwenza isendleleni amagquma okumangalisayo moraine emikhulu emide ngaphezu kwamanzi.

Ihlathi uyanyamalala amabhange ngezansi Prutni futhi Mitin. Ngakho zihlala kuze kube Torzhok. Lapha embhedeni emfuleni liya livuleka njengoba zikhula (kufika ku-90 m), kodwa ukujula lapha incane: ku sifinyelela ifinyelela amamitha amabili, futhi iqoqo Rapids - eyodwa kuphela nengxenye. Ngaphandle komzana Spas, lapho izihibe emfuleni, ujikela kolunye eningizimu-ntshonalanga ogwini futhi imbozwe ephedra oncomekayo. Lapha, phakathi Pines kanye firs wakudala womkhumbi yizindawo eziningi ezikhangayo, sekuyisikhathi eside wavakashela yizivakashi nabadobi.

Ngezansi edolobhaneni amahlathi yethusi cishe zinyamalale. Lapha, ogwini kuthatha ohlukileko ngokuphelele - basuke ezitshekile. Umbhede igcwele iziqhingi eziningi Shoals, ububanzi emfuleni kugcinwa at 75 m, nokujula - 1.5 m Kuleli endleleni ingxenye esigodini ikhulisa kakhulu futhi zitholakala osebeni lomfula komnikazi.. Le ngxenye umfula ugeleza ngokusebenzisa Tver, bese ugelezela iVolga.

imivubukulo

LoMfula Tvertsa eside sezaphumelela abantu, ngenxa emaphakathi nendawo evumelana lomfula. Namuhla, njalo ukuvula entsha futhi entsha zemivubukulo: emakamu nezakudala, isiphetho kanye izindunduma ecabangela ukungcwatshwa kwami.

Lezi izindawo ebabazekayo usalokhu ungatholi kwehlwaywe ososayensi, futhi owaziyo ukuthi bathole okuningi namanje kubabangele Tvertsa emfuleni. Izithombe emfuleni kanye nezindawo ezizungezile kuqinisekisiwe. Ngaphezu ifa omangalisayo bemivubukulo Tvertsa kwabaningi - indawo ozithandayo sokuzilibazisa nokudoba. Kuwufanele yisho lesikhumbuzo omangalisayo bokwakha Russian lasendulo: ku Tvertsa zezindela amaningi amakholwa namaSonto.

River Tvertsa: ukudoba

Of ngabomvu abadobi bamele sifinyelela engenhla futhi phakathi nomfula. isilinganiso Ikakhulukazi, lapho likhona Tigmensky-beaver Reserve. Kodwa abalandeli ukubamba lifiphele Awudingi ngisho ukuhamba endaweni Tver: edolobheni abawongoti bathi lapho kuqala izinsuku efudumele le nhlanzi abalumayo ku bloodworm kakhulu.